SIR MEHBOOB KHAN

PAGE 1

Use
Section A

Answer all the questions in this section.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a car travelling at a uniform speed of 18 m/s. At time t = 0, the driver sees a
child run out in front of the car.

Fig. 1.1

At time t = 0.6 s the driver starts to apply the brakes. The car then decelerates uniformly,
taking a further 3.0 s to stop.

(a) (i) On Fig. 1.2, draw a graph to show how the speed of the car varies with t.

20
speed
m/s
15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
t/s

Fig. 1.2

(ii) Calculate the distance travelled in the first 0.6 s of the motion.

distance = ......................................
[5]

(b) The braking distance is the distance travelled by the car after the driver starts to apply
the brakes. The braking distance is not the same each time that the car stops.

State two factors that could increase braking distance.

1. ......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
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PAGE 2
Examiner s
Use
Section A

Answer all the questions in this section.

2 Fig. 1.1 shows a free-fall parachutist falling vertically downwards. Fig. 1.2 shows how the
speed of the parachutist varies with time.

speed
downwards B

A
0
0 time

Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2

(a) (i) State the name of the downward force acting on the parachutist.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) State the name of one upward force acting on the parachutist.

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) (i) State the initial value of the acceleration of the parachutist. Give the unit of your
answer.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain why the acceleration decreases from A to B.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Explain why the parachutist falls at a constant speed after B.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[4]

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PAGE 3

Section A

Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

3 (a) (i) State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State two examples of each type of quantity.

scalar quantity vector quantity

1 ...................................................... 1 ......................................................

2 ...................................................... 2 ......................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the direction and size of two vectors P and Q.

Fig. 1.1

In the space next to Fig. 1.1, draw a labelled vector diagram to show the resultant vector
obtained by adding vector P to vector Q.

Draw vector P, vector Q and the resultant vector to the same scale as in Fig. 1.1.
[2]

[Total: 5]

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PAGE 4

4 A car approaches a set of traffic lights. The lights change to red at time t = 0.

Fig. 2.1 shows how the speed of the car changes with time.

24

20
speed
m/s
16

12

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t/s

Fig. 2.1

(a) The car starts to slow down a short time after the lights change to red.

Determine the time between the lights changing to red and the car starting to slow down.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) (i) State what is meant by uniform acceleration.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State how Fig. 2.1 shows that the deceleration of the car between t = 2 s and t = 7 s is
non-uniform.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Determine the distance the car travels from the moment the car starts to slow down until it
stops.

distance = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]
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PAGE 5
Examiner s
Use
Section A

Answer all the questions in this section.

5 Fig. 1.1 represents the motion of a car along a straight road. As the car approaches a small
town, it slows down. The car travels at a constant speed from the start of the town to the
end of the town. After passing through the town, the car speeds up.

30
speed
m/s car reaches car reaches
start of end of
20
town town

10

0
0 10 20 30
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Determine the speed of the car in the town.

speed = ................................................. [1]

(ii) Determine the time taken by the car to pass through the town.

time taken = .......................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the distance travelled by the car in the town.

distance = .............................................. [1]

(b) The car accelerates after passing through the town.

Calculate the acceleration. Give the unit of your answer.

acceleration = ........................................ [3]

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PAGE 6
Examiner s
Use
6 Fig. 2.1 shows apparatus that demonstrates how a coin and a piece of paper fall from rest.

air resistance
piece of
piece of paper air resistance
paper
coin

weight
tube coin
containing
air

weight
A

Fig. 2.1 Fig. 2.2

At the positions shown in Fig. 2.1, the coin and paper are falling through air in the tube. The
forces on them are shown in Fig. 2.2. The length of an arrow indicates the size of each
force.

(a) State the initial value of the acceleration of the coin as it falls.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain how Fig. 2.2 shows that

(i) the paper falls with constant speed,

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
(ii) the coin accelerates.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) A vacuum pump is connected to A and the air in the tube is removed.

The coin and paper fall differently in a vacuum from the way they fall in air.

State two of these differences.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]
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PAGE 7

Section A

Answer all questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

7 A train travels along a straight horizontal track. At time t = 0, the train passes through station P at
constant speed without stopping.

The driver applies the brakes 70 s before reaching station Q. The train decelerates.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed–time graph for the train from t = 0 until it stops at station Q.

80

speed
m/s
60

40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
train passes t/s train reaches
through station P station Q

Fig. 1.1

(a) Using Fig. 1.1, determine the distance between station P and station Q.

distance = ......................................................... [3]

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PAGE 8

(b) The mass of the train is 3.8 ) 105 kg.

(i) Determine the deceleration of the train in the 70 s before it stops at station Q.

deceleration = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) Calculate the resultant force on the train as it decelerates.

resultant force = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

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PAGE 9

8 Fig. 2.1 shows a man of mass 80 kg standing in a lift (elevator).

lift

man

floor

Fig. 2.1

The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

(a) Calculate the weight of the man.

weight = ......................................................... [1]

(b) The lift accelerates upwards uniformly at 0.50 m / s2.

Calculate:

(i) the resultant upward force on the man

resultant force = ......................................................... [2]

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PAGE 10

(ii) the force exerted on the man by the floor of the lift.

force = ......................................................... [1]

(c) The lift accelerates upwards uniformly from rest for 4.0 s and then decelerates uniformly to
rest in 4.0 s. The total distance travelled is 8.0 m.

On Fig. 2.2, sketch the distance-time graph for this journey.

8.0

distance / m

0
0 4.0 8.0
time / s

Fig. 2.2
[3]

[Total: 7]

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PAGE 11

Section B

Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

9 Fig. 7.1 shows the speed–time graph for a car travelling on a straight horizontal road.

20

16
speed
m/s
12

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
time / s

Fig. 7.1

(a) (i) Describe the motion of the car.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Using Fig. 7.1, calculate the distance travelled by the car during the 24 s of its motion.

Show your working.

distance = ......................................................... [3]

(iii) Calculate the average speed of the car during its motion.

average speed = ......................................................... [2]

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PAGE 12

(iv) A second car travels at a steady speed. It travels the same distance as the first car in the
24 s of the journey.

On Fig. 7.1, draw the speed–time graph for the second car. [2]

(b) The thinking distance is the distance travelled by a car between the time that a hazard is
seen and the time that the brakes are applied.

The braking distance is the distance travelled while the car slows down to rest.

Table 7.1 shows the thinking and braking distances for an alert driver when the car travels at
different speeds.

Table 7.1

speed thinking distance / m braking distance / m

km / h
20 9 2
40 18 9
60 20
80 36 36
100 45 56

(i) Complete Table 7.1. [1]

(ii) The time it takes for the driver to react to the hazard is constant at different speeds.

Explain how the table shows this.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) State what happens to the thinking distance and the braking distance when the driver is
tired.

thinking distance ...............................................................................................................

braking distance ................................................................................................................

[2]

[Total: 15]

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 SIR MEHBOOB KHAN
PAGE 13

Section B

Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

10 Fig. 7.1 shows a toy helicopter. It can hover and travel through the air.

Fig. 7.1

A student flies the toy helicopter on a journey from A to B to C to D at a constant height.

Fig. 7.2 is a scale drawing of the path of the helicopter, viewed from above.

D C

40 m

North

35 m

10 m

A B

Fig. 7.2 (to scale)

(a) (i) Determine the total distance travelled by the toy helicopter.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The toy helicopter makes the journey in 40 s.

Calculate its average speed during the journey.

speed = ......................................................... [2]

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PAGE 14

(b) (i) State the difference between distance and displacement.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Determine the scale used to construct Fig. 7.2 and complete the sentence.

1 cm on the diagram represents .............................. on the path. [1]

(iii) Using Fig. 7.2, determine the size of the displacement of point D from point A.

Show your working.

size of displacement = ......................................................... [2]

(iv) Determine the angle between North and the direction of the displacement of point D from
point A.

angle = ......................................................... [1]

(v) State what is meant by velocity.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(vi) Another toy helicopter flies directly from point A to point D in 40 s.

Explain why the magnitude of the velocity of this toy helicopter is smaller than the answer
in (a)(ii).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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PAGE 15

(c) When the toy helicopter hovers at D, its motor fails and it falls. It reaches terminal velocity as
it falls.

Explain, in terms of the forces and acceleration, what happens as the helicopter falls and
reaches terminal velocity.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [5]

[Total: 15]

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PAGE 16

Section B

Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

11 Fig. 7.1 shows a child sitting on a sledge on a snow-covered hill of constant

slope.
sledge

child

brake

snow-covered
hill

wall

Fig. 7.1 (not to scale)

At time t = 0, the child and the sledge begin to move down the hill in a straight line.

When the child sees a wall ahead, he applies the brake.

The child and sledge continue to travel in a straight line until they come to a stop before hitting the
wall.

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PAGE 17

Fig. 7.2 is the speed-time graph for the journey.

16

12
speed
m/s

0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
t/s

Fig. 7.2

The brake is applied at t = 26 s.

(a) Fig 7.2 shows how the speed of the child and sledge varies over the whole of the journey.

Explain why, between t = 0 and t = 26 s, the speed varies in the way shown by the graph.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) At t = 26 s, the front of the sledge is 35 m from the wall.

Determine the distance between the front of the sledge and the wall when the sledge stops.

distance = ......................................................... [3]

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PAGE 18

(c) At t = 26 s, the child and sledge begin to decelerate.

(i) Determine the size of the deceleration.

deceleration = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) The mass of the child is 46 kg and the mass of the sledge is 9.0 kg.

Calculate the resultant force on the child and sledge as they decelerate.

resultant force = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) State the energy transfer that is taking place as the child and sledge decelerate.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) At t = 26 s, when the brake is first applied, the child jerks forwards on the sledge.

Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 15]

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PAGE 19

Section B

Answer two questions from this section.

Use the lined page provided and, if necessary,

continue on the separate sheets available from the Supervisor.

12 Fig. 9.1 shows the horizontal forces acting on a moving car.

force A force B

Fig. 9.1

(a) Compare the sizes and directions of the two forces when the car is

(i) moving along a straight road at constant speed, [1]

(ii) accelerating. [1]

(b) Suggest the direction of the resultant force on the car when the car turns a corner at constant
speed. [1]

(c) Fig. 9.2 shows the speed-time graph for the first 24 s of the motion of the car along a straight
road.

20

18

16

speed 14
m/s
12

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
time /s

Fig. 9.2
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PAGE 20

(i) During the motion there is a period of uniform acceleration. State both the start and finish
times of this period. [1]

(ii) State the main energy changes that occur in the 24 s. [3]

(iii) Calculate the acceleration of the car during the first 5 s. State clearly the equation that
you use. [3]

(iv) Determine the distance travelled in the first 5 s. [3]

(d) The car is stopped by applying the brakes. Various factors can affect the distance travelled by
the car during the time that the brakes are applied. Apart from the force applied by the brakes,
state two of these factors. [2]

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PAGE 21

Section B

Answer two questions from this section.

Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.

13 A train travels from one station to the next. It starts from rest at time t = 0 and accelerates
uniformly for the first 20 s. At t = 20 s it reaches its top speed of 25 m/s. It then travels at this speed
for a further 30 s before decelerating uniformly to rest. The total time for the journey is 60 s.

(a) (i) Sketch a speed-time graph for the motion of the train. Do not use graph paper. Put the
speed of the train on the y-axis and time along the x-axis. [3]
(ii) Write down the equation, in words, that relates acceleration, time and change in
velocity. [1]
(iii) Explain what is meant by a uniform acceleration. [1]
(iv) Use your graph to calculate the deceleration of the train as it comes to rest. [2]

(b) Several forces act on the train when it is moving.

(i) Name the horizontal and vertical forces that act on the train and give the direction of
each force. [4]
(ii) Explain whether the horizontal forces are balanced or unbalanced,
1. when the train accelerates,
2. when the train travels at constant speed,
3. when the train decelerates.
You may draw diagrams to help your explanations. [3]

(c) A second train has a non-uniform acceleration. Sketch a speed-time graph showing a
non-uniform acceleration. Do not use graph paper. [1]

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PAGE 22

Section B

Answer two questions from this section.

Use the lined pages provided and, if necessary,

continue on the separate sheets available from the Supervisor.

14 When a car driver sees an emergency ahead, he applies the brakes. During his reaction time the
car travels at a steady speed and covers a distance known as the thinking distance. The braking
distance is the distance travelled by the car after the brakes are applied.

(a) State the energy change that occurs as the car brakes. [2]

(b) Fig. 9.1 shows the speed-time graph of a car.

The driver sees the emergency at time t = 0.
The total mass of the car is 800 kg.

30

speed 25
m/s
20

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t/s
Fig. 9.1

Determine

(i) the thinking distance, [1]

(ii) the braking distance, [2]

(iii) the deceleration of the car during braking, [2]

(iv) the force provided by the brakes. [2]

(c) Using ideas about friction and deceleration, state and explain how the braking distance is
affected by

(i) using new tyres rather than badly worn tyres, [2]

(ii) the car skidding on a wet road, [2]

(iii) the car carrying a heavy load of passengers. [2]

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