MURANG’A UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
ALVIN ISOYI LUMITI
TE200/0873/2020
ACH 402
CHEMISTRY OF TRANSSITION METALS
PRACTICAL II
EPERIMENT OF SOME REACTIONS OF 3D TRANSITION
METALS
INTRODUCTION
Metals are essential components of our daily lives, with a wide range of applications
in various fields, from industry to technology and even healthcare. Understanding the
chemical properties of metals, such as their reactivity with different reagents, is
crucial for scientists and engineers to harness their potential effectively. In this
chemistry practical, we will explore the reactions of three transition metals: nickel
(Ni), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co), with specific reagents to observe and study their
chemical behavior.
Each of these transition metals exhibits distinct characteristics, and their reactivity can
vary depending on the chemical environment and the nature of the reagents involved.
By conducting a series of well-defined experiments, we aim to observe and analyze
the reactions of nickel, copper, and cobalt with various reagents to gain insights into
their behavior and the formation of different chemical compounds.
APARATUS ANDD CHEMICALS
Testtubes
Cobalt ii chloride or cobalt nitrate
Nickel ii choride
4M aqueous ammonia
4M sodium hydroxide
6% hydrogen peroxide
Sodium carbonate solution
Copper ii sulphate
PROCEDURE
i. Reaction of cobalt
Add conc sodium hydroxide solution to 2ml cobalt ii solution
untill in excess. Add sodium carbonate solution to 2ml cobalt ii
solution till in excess. To 2ml cobalt ii solution add 4M aqueous ammonia
till in excess then add a few drops of 6% hydrogen peroxide and boil the solution
with excess 4m soddium hydroxide.
ii. Reaction of nickel
Add excess 4M sodium hydroxide solution and boil the solution, then cool
and add sodium potassium peroxodisulphate. To 2ml nickel solution excess
ammonia was added followeed by few drops of 6% hydrogen peroxide. Excess
4M potassium thiocyanate solution was added to 2ml nickel ii ion solution then
add few drops of 4M aqueous amonia.
iii Reaction of copper
Excess 4M sodium hydroxide was added to 1ml copper ii sulphate solution
and warmed .50% sodium hydrroxide solution was added slowly to copperr ii
sulphate ssolution. A little tartaric acid was added to 1ml copper ii sulphate solution
followed by excess sodiu hydroxide solution and 1ml of acetaldehyd to the
solution andd warmed. Excess 4M aqueous ammonia was added to copper ii
sulphate solution an boiled. Excess 4M sodium carbonate was added to
2ml copper ii sulphate and the mixture was boiled.
RESULTS
Reaction of cobalt
i The pink solution of cobalt ii ion turned to blue on adding
conc sodium
hydroxide.(CoCl2(aq)+2NaOH(aq)⇒Co(OH)2(s)+2NaCl(aq))
ii Pink solution turns to purple/violet soltion
Na2CO3(aq) + Co²⁺(aq) → CoCO3(s) + 2Na⁺(aq)
iii The pink solution turns to green on adding excess 4M
ammonia. On addition of 6% hydrogen peroxide it forms a
deep green solution and on boiling with excess NaOH solution
a dark solution is formed which formed a two layered
solution.
Co²⁺(aq) + 6NH₃(aq) ⇌ [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq)
[Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) + H2O2(aq) → [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + H2O(l)
[Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + 3OH⁻(aq) → Co(OH)3(s) + 3NH₃(aq)
Reaction of nickel
i Forms a green precipitate which dissolves on boiling
Ni²⁺(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Ni(OH)2(s) + 2Na⁺(aq)
ii Blue nickel ii ion solution turns deep blue on adding excess ammonia,
blue solution dissolves to form dissolves in hydrogen peroxide to form a
colourless solution
Ni²⁺(aq) + 6NH3(aq) → [Ni(NH3)6]²
[Ni(NH3)6]²⁺(aq) + 3H2O2(aq) → [Ni(NH3)6]³⁺(aq) + 3H2O(l) + O2(g)
iii The solution retains its colour on addition of KOCN
Ni²⁺(aq) + 2KOCN(aq) → Ni(OH)2(s) + 2K⁺(aq) + 2CN⁻(aq)
iv The solution retains its colour on addition of KOCN, then it turns to blue
on addition of ammonia solution
Ni²⁺(aq) + 2KOCN(aq) → Ni(OH)2(s) + 2K⁺(aq) + 2CN⁻(aq)
Ni(OH)2(s) + 4NH3(aq) → Ni(NH3)4(OH)2
Reaction with copper
i It turns from light blue to a deep blue solution
ii Changes from blue solution to a colourless solution
iii Solution retains its colour on adding NaOH, then to a brown
solution on adding acetaldehyde
iv It forms a deep blue solution on adding ammonia and produces a
hissing sound when boiled
v On addition of sodium carbonate a blue precipitate is formed which
turns black on boiling leading to formation of a black solid at the
bottom of the test tube.
CONCLUSION
In this chemistry practical, we explored the reactivity of three transition metals: nickel
(Ni), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co), with various reagents. Through a series of
carefully designed experiments, we observed and analyzed the reactions of these
metals with specific chemical species to gain insights into their chemical behavior.
Overall, this practical served as a valuable learning experience, demonstrating the
principles of coordination chemistry, redox reactions, and chemical equilibria. The
knowledge gained from these experiments can be applied in diverse areas of
chemistry, including analytical chemistry, materials science, and environmental
chemistry. Understanding the reactivity of transition metals with different reagents is
crucial for harnessing their potential in various industrial processes and applications.
