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PD 09 CString

The document provides examples of C string functions and operations. It demonstrates how to declare and initialize character arrays to represent strings, output strings to the console, get input from the user into strings, manipulate strings by accessing/changing individual characters, comparing strings, copying and concatenating strings, finding substrings within strings, and tokenizing strings.

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18 views12 pages

PD 09 CString

The document provides examples of C string functions and operations. It demonstrates how to declare and initialize character arrays to represent strings, output strings to the console, get input from the user into strings, manipulate strings by accessing/changing individual characters, comparing strings, copying and concatenating strings, finding substrings within strings, and tokenizing strings.

Uploaded by

RD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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// ============================================

// C Strings (p. 4)

int main()
{
char c = '0';
cout << static_cast<int>(c) << " ";
c = 'A';
cout << static_cast<int>(c) << " ";
c = '\n';
cout << static_cast<int>(c) << " ";
return 0;
}

int main()
{
char c = 48;
cout << c << " ";
c += 10;
cout << c << " ";
if(c > 50)
cout << c << " ";
return 0;
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 5)

int main()
{
int a = 0, b = 0;
char c = 0;

do
{
cout << "Enter two integers: ";
cin >> a >> b;
cout << "Add? ";
cin >> c;
} while(c != 'Y' && c != 'y');
cout << a + b << "\n";

return 0;
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 6)

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char c = 0;
while(cin >> c)
{
if(65 <= c && c <= 90)
cout << static_cast<char>(c + 32);
else
cout << c;
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 8)

#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
char c = 0;
while(cin >> c)
cout << static_cast<char>(tolower(c)) << "\n";
return 0;
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 10)

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
cout << " 0123456789\n";
for(int i = 30; i <= 126; i++)
{
if(i % 10 == 0)
cout << setw(2) << i / 10 << " ";
if(isprint(i))
cout << static_cast<char>(i);
else
cout << " ";
if(i % 10 == 9)
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 14)

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int LEN = 10;


int main()
{
char s[LEN] = {0};
int n = 0;
do
{
cin >> s[n];
n++;
} while(s[n - 1] != '#' && n < LEN);
for(int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
cout << s[i];
return 0;
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 15)

char str[10];
cin >> str; // if we type "abcde"
cout << str[0]; // a
cout << str[2]; // c

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 16)

int values[5] = {0};


cout << values; // an address
char str[10];
cin >> str; // if we type "abcde"
cout << str; // abcde

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 18)

char a[100] = "abcde FGH";


cout << a << "\n"; // abcde FGH
char b[100] = "abcde\0 FGH";
cout << b << "\n"; // abcde

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 20)

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int LEN = 10;


int main()
{
char s[LEN] = {0};
cin >> s;
cout << s << "\n";
return 0;
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 22)

char c[100] = {0};


cin >> c; // "123456789"
cin >> c; // "abcde";
cout << c << "\n"; // "abcde"
c[5] = '*';
cout << c << "\n"; // "abcde*789"

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 24)

char a1[100] = {0};


cin >> a1; // "this is a string"
cout << a1; // "this"

char a2[100] = {'a', 'b', ' ', 'c', '\0', 'e'};


cout << a2; // ab c

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 25)

char a[100] = {0};


char b[100] = {0};
cin >> a >> b; // this is
cout << a << "\n"; // this
cout << b << "\n"; // is

char a[100];
cin.getline(a, 100); // Hi, it's me
cout << a << "\n"; // Hi, it's me

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 26)

char a[100] = {0};


while(cin.getline(a, 100))
{
int i = 0;
int spaceCount = 0;

while(a[i] != '\0')
{
if(a[i] == ' ')
spaceCount++;
i++;
}
cout << spaceCount << "\n";
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 27)

char name[4][10] = {"John", "Mikasa", "Eren", "Armin"};


cout << name << "\n"; // an address
cout << name[1] << "\n";
cin >> name[2];
cout << name[2][0] << "\n";

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 28)

char s[100] = "12345";


char* p = s;
cout << p << "\n";
cin >> p; // or s
cout << s; // or p
char s[100] = "12345";
char* p = s;
cout << p + 2 << "\n";

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 30)

char* p = "12345";
cout << p + 2 << "\n"; // 345

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 33)

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])


{
for(int i = 0; i < argc; i++)
cout << argv[i] << "\n";
return 0;
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 38)

char* p = new char[100];


cin >> p;
cout << strlen(p);
p[3] = '\0';
cout << strlen(p + 1);
delete [] p;

char* p = "12345";
cout << strlen(p) << "\n";
char a[100] = "1234567";
cout << strlen(a) << "\n";

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 39)
char* p = "12345";
cout << strlen(p) << "\n";
char a[100] = "1234567890";
cout << strlen(a) << "\n";
cout << sizeof(a) << "\n";
cout << sizeof(a + 2) << "\n";

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 41)

char a[100] = "1234567890";


char* p = strchr(a, '8');
if(strchr(a, 'a') == nullptr)
cout << "!!!\n";
cout << strchr(a, '4') << "\n";
cout << strchr(a, '4') - a;

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 42)

char a[100] = "this is a book";


char* p = strchr(a, ' ');
while(p != nullptr)
{
*p = '_';
p = strchr(p, ' '); // why p?
}
cout << a;

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 48)

char a[100] = "this is a book";


char* p = strstr(a, "is");
while(p != nullptr)
{
*p = 'I'; // not p = "IS"!
*(p + 1) = 'S';
p = strstr(p, "is");
}
cout << a;

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 56)
char a[100] = "1234";
cout << atoi(a) * 2 << "\n";
char b[100] = "-12.34";
cout << atof(b) / 2 << "\n";

char a[100] = {0};


itoa(123, a, 2);
cout << a << "\n";
itoa(123, a, 10);
cout << a[2] << " " << a << "\n";

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 57)

char a[100] = "the";


char b[100] = "they";
char c[100] = "them";
cout << strcmp(a, b) << "\n";
cout << strcmp(b, c) << " " << strncmp(b, c, 2);

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 58)

char a[100] = "watermelon";


char b[100] = "orange";
cout << a << "\n";
strcpy(a, b);
cout << a << "\n";

char a[100] = "watermelon";


char b[100] = "orange";
cout << a << "\n";
strcpy(a, b);
cout << a + 7 << "\n"; // ?

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 57)

char a[100] = "the";


char b[100] = "they";
char c[100] = "them";
cout << strcmp(a, b) << "\n";
cout << strcmp(b, c) << " " << strncmp(b, c, 2);

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 58)
char a[100] = "watermelon";
char b[100] = "orange";
cout << a << "\n";
strcpy(a, b);
cout << a << "\n";

char a[100] = "watermelon";


char b[100] = "orange";
cout << a << "\n";
strcpy(a, b);
cout << a + 7 << "\n"; // ?

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 60)

char a[100] = "this is a book";


char* p = strstr(a, "is");
while(p != nullptr)
{
strcpy(p, "IS");
p = strstr(p, "is");
}
cout << a;

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 63)

char a[100] = "watermelon";


char b[100] = "orange";
cout << a << "\n";
strcat(a, b);
cout << a << "\n";

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 65)

char a[15] = "watermelon";


char b[100] = "orange";
cout << a << "\n";
strcat(a, b); // dangerous!
cout << a << "\n";

char* a;
char b[100] = "orange";
strcat(a, b); // dangerous!
// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 66)

char a[15] = "watermelon";


char b[100] = "orange";
strncat(a, b, sizeof(a) - strlen(a) - 1);
cout << a << "\n";

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 68)

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

const int CNT = 4;


const int LEN = 10;

void swapName(char* n1, char* n2)


{
char temp[LEN] = {0};
strcpy(temp, n1);
strcpy(n1, n2);
strcpy(n2, temp);
}

int main()
{
char name[CNT][LEN]
= {"John", "Mikasa", "Eren", "Armin"};

for(int i = 0; i < CNT; i++)


for(int j = 0; j < CNT - i - 1; j++)
if(strcmp(name[j], name[j + 1]) > 0)
swapName(name[j], name[j + 1]);

for(int i = 0; i < CNT; i++)


cout << name[i] << " ";

return 0;
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 85)

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

const int CNT = 4;


const int LEN = 10;
void swapPtr(char*& p1, char*& p2)
{
char* temp = p1;
p1 = p2;
p2 = temp;
}

int main()
{
char name[CNT][LEN]
= {"John", "Mikasa", "Eren", "Armin"};
char* ptr[CNT]
= {name[0], name[1], name[2], name[3]};

for(int i = 0; i < CNT; i++)


for(int j = 0; j < CNT - i - 1; j++)
if(strcmp(ptr[j], ptr[j + 1]) > 0)
swapPtr(ptr[j], ptr[j + 1]);

for(int i = 0; i < CNT; i++)


cout << ptr[i] << " ";

return 0;
}

// ============================================
// C Strings (p. 102)

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

const int CNT = 100;


const int WORD_LEN = 50;
const int SEN_LEN = 1000;

int main()
{
char url[SEN_LEN];
char delim[] = ".\\";
char word[CNT][WORD_LEN] = {0};
int wordCnt = 0;

cin >> url;


char* start = strtok(url, delim);
while(start != nullptr)
{
strcpy(word[wordCnt], start);
wordCnt++;
start = strtok(nullptr, delim);
}

for(int i = 0; i < wordCnt; i++)


cout << word[i] << " ";
return 0;
}

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