GRAMMAR MEMO
TO BE / TO HAVE
Present Past Future
To be To have To be To have To be To have
I am have was had will be will have
You are have were had will be will have
He/She/It is has was had will be will have
We/ You/They are have were had will be will have
PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVES
REFLEXIVE
SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE POSS. PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS
I Me My Mine Myself
You You Your Yours Yourself
Himself / Herself
He / She / It Him / Her / It His / Her / Its His / Hers / --
/ Itself
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
You You Your Yours Yourselves
They Them Their Theirs Themselves
AUXILIARIES / MODALS
PRESENT PAST FUTURE CONDITIONAL
Do
Does (3rd pers. Did Will Would
Singular)
I will not / won’t I would work if I had
I didn’t work
I don’t work today. work tomorrow. time.
yesterday.
She doesn’t work. She will / won’t She would work if
She didn’t work.
work. she had a job.
POSSIBILITY POSSIBILITY
SUGGESTION OBLIGATION
ABILITY PERMISSION
Can / could / might
Can / could Should Must
/ may
They may go to They should pack They must get their
They can travel.
Mexico their bags. shots.
REMEMBER
Il y a = There is (are, was, were, will be, would be, etc.)
There is a boy. / There was a boy. / There will be a boy. / There would be time.
There are boys. / There were boys. / There would be boys.
That Than (comparison) Then (time)
The book that you gave This book is better than the Then, I will not have you
me is good. last one. read another.
VERB FORMATION
TENSE POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION WHEN TO USE IT TIME MARKERS
Usually, often,
- I play tennis on - For habits or usual never, normally,
SIMPLE PRESENT - I don’t okay tennis - Do you play
Mondays. activities on Sundays /
on Mondays. tennis?
- For facts Mondays / etc
3rd pers. sing – s -He doesn’t take - Does she take the
- He takes the bus - For likes and dislikes Sometimes, always,
do / does the bus to school. bus to school?
to school. (permanent) every morning / day
/ month / Friday
SIMPLE PAST - I played tennis last - Did you play
- I didn’t play tennis Yesterday, two days
Monday. tennis last - For an action that
last Monday. ago, last week /
-ED or list of Monday? finished sometime in the
-We did not take month / year / night
irregular verbs - We took the bus - Did you take the past.
the bus yesterday. / etc
did yesterday. bus yesterday?
- I will play tennis - Will you play - For an action in the
- I will not play Tomorrow, soon,
SIMPLE FUTURE tomorrow.
tennis tomorrow.
tennis tomorrow? future
later, next week /
-To express a future
- We won’t take the month / year / night
Will We will take the - Will we take the intention
bus next year. / etc.
bus next year. bus next year? -To make predictions
PRESENT - For an action that is
- I am playing - I am not playing - Are you playing
PROGRESSIVE tennis now. tennis now. tennis now?
happening right now At the moment,
(CONTINUOUS) - For an action that will now, right now,
happen in the near future these days, this
- We are taking the - We are not taking - Are we taking the
To be (am, is, - For a temporary action, week
bus today. the bus today. bus today?
an action in progress
are) + verb-ing
- For an action that was
PAST - I was playing - I was not playing -Were you playing going on in the past
PROGRESSIVE tennis while you tennis when you tennis while I was when something
(CONTINUOUS) were working. were working. working? interrupted it
- We were not - For two simultaneous When, while
To be (was, - We were waiting waiting for the bus - Were you waiting actions (while)
were) + verb- for the bus when it when it started to for the bus when it - For an action that was in
started to rain. rain. started to rain? progress at a particular
ing
time in the past.
