International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications

Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

A Review on Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Anti-

Dandruff Shampoo
Mrs.K.Sravanthi *, N.Kavitha, K.Sowmya, S. Naazneen , U.Vaishnavi, CH.Anil
St.Pauls college of pharmacy,Turkayamjal,Rangareddy
district,Telangana,501510

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Date of Submission: 10-06-2021 Date of Acceptance: 25-06-2021
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ABSTRACT :The aim of the present study is to
formulate and evaluate herbal Anti dandruff I. INTRODUCTION :
shampoo containing natural ingredients with an ➤Hairs are the integral part of human beauty.
emphasis on safety and efficacy. It clears dirt, ➤Hair is a protein filament that grows from
dandruff, promotes hair growth, luster , strengthens follicles on the dermis or skin.
and darkens the hair. The shampoo sector is
probably the largest unit of among the hair care ➤Scientific name of hair is pili or pilus.
products. Since the shampoos are one of the ➤Hair is a component of the integumentary system
cosmetic product used in daily as the hair is special and extends downward into the dermal layer where
and cherished feature of humans. Majority of it sits in the hair follicle.
ingredients in the shampoos are chemicals and ➤The presence of hair is a primary differentiator
hence have been under severe attack due to its of mammals as a unique class of organisms. In
potential risk of side effects with its usage. The humans, it is a cherished and highly visible
main objective is to study how to eliminate harmful indicator of health, youth, and even class.
synthetic ingredients from anti-dandruff shampoo ➤ It has a sensory function, protects from cold and
formulation and substitute them with safe natural UV radiation, and can have a significant
ingredients. An attempt has been made to combine psychological impact when its growth or structure
modern formulation technology into a formula is deranged.
based on natural ingredients. The shampoo was ➤At a microscopic level, the variety in length,
prepared by taking the extracts of Orange peel color, diameter, and cross-sectional shape of each
powder (Citrus Aurantium Dulcis-Rutaceae) hair creates the characteristic profiles seen across
(active ingredient), Curry Leaves (Murraya ethnic groups and among individuals.
Koenigii-Rutaceae), Ginger (Zingiber Officinale-
Zingiberaceae), Aloe vera (Aloe Barbadensis Hair Anatomy:
Miller-Asphodelaceae), Reetha (Sapindus ➤Hair grows from hair follicles situated within the
Mukorossi-Sapindaceae) in different proportions. fatty layer of the scalp. Contrary to the popular
Several physicochemical tests were performed for belief that hair grows as single strands, hair
visual assessment, wetting time, pH, assurance of follicles actually grow in groups of 1-4 hairs called
solid contents, surface tension, detergency, dirt
“follicular units”.➤At the base of each hair follicle
dispersion, conditioning performance, foam
is a hair bulb where the growth mechanism for
stability. The formulated herbal shampoo is black
producing hair occurs. Hair follicles get their
in color with demonstrable good froth stability,
nourishment from the blood vessels within the
detergency, good cleansing, low surface tension,
dermis. The cells divide and develop to produce the
optimum pH and conditioning activity. All these
are the ideal characters for good quality of the hair shaft.➤While the hair is still developing
herbal shampoo to be used in daily life. However, underneath the epidermis, it maintains a soft form.
further scientific investigation is required for Once the pushes past the epidermis, its outside
validation of its overall quality. layer hardens into keratin.
KEYWORDS : pH,Herbal shampoo, Natural
ingredients, Hair,Dandruff, Cleansing action, Dirt
removal

DOI: 10.35629/7781-060313001311 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 1300
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

Parts of the Hair: Hair shaft: The hair shaft is the solitary part of the
Dermal papillae: Thedermal papilla is responsible hair follicle that fully exits the surface of the skin.
for regulating the hair cycle and hair growth, and is The hair shaft is made up of three layers: the
also comprised of androgen receptors that are medulla, cortex, and the cuticle.
sensitive to the presence of DHT. ➤The medulla is described as an unsystematic and
Matrix: The matrix surrounds the dermal papillae unstructured area located in the innermost region of
and contains all the active cells needed for hair the hair shaft and is not always present. ➤The
growth and for the development of the different cortex, in contrast to the medulla, is highly
parts of the hair, particularly the outer root sheath, structured and organized.The cortex is made up of
the inner root sheath and the hair shaft. Combined, keratin and is responsible for giving hair its
the matrix and the dermal papillae make up the hair strength and durability, as well as its water uptake.
bulb. The cortex also contains melanin and determines
the color of hair based on
Outer root sheath: The outer root sheath, or thenumber,distributionand types of melanin
trichelemma, is the outermost part of the hair and is
granules present. ➤The cuticle is the hair’s outer
keratinized. It covers the entire hair follicle inside
protective layer and is connected to the internal
the dermis and then transitions through to the
root sheath. It is a complex structure with a single
epidermis, providing the hair follicle with an
molecular layer of lipids that helps hair repel water.
opening from which to surface from.
Inner root sheath: inner root sheath is comprised
of three parts: the Henley layer, Huxley layer, and HAIR PHYSIOLOGY: ➤Anagen (growth
cuticle. The Henley’s and Huxley’s layers are phase): Most hair is growing at any given time.
capsular layers that anchor onto each other with the Each hair spends several years in this phase.
purpose of stabilizing the hair. The cuticle, which ➤Catagen (transitional phase): Over a few weeks,
is the innermost part that it closest to the hair shaft, hair growth slows and the hair follicle
is made from dead hardened cells and give the hair shrinks.➤Telogen (resting phase): Over months,
shaft added protection. This, together with the hair growth stops and the old hair detaches from
capsular layers that make up the Henley’s and the hair follicle. A new hair begins the growth
Huxley’s layers, secures the hair and allows it to phase, pushing the old hair out.
grow in length.

DOI: 10.35629/7781-060313001311 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 1301
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

PROBLEMS RELATED TO HAIR:

●Dandruff
● Dry hair
● Split ends
● Oily hair
● Frizzy hair
● Limp hair
● Hair loss
● Heat damage
● Color damage
● Grey hair

DANDRUFF: ➤Although it is harmless,dandruff can be

➤It is a harmless,chronic condition that occurs embarrassing for those who have it➤Skin cells are
when the scalp becomes dry or greasy and formed continuously on the scalp,so the shedding
produces white flakes of dead skin that appear in of the dead skin cells is normal process. With
the hair or on the shoulders. dandruff,however skin cells are shed at a faster rate
➤It is a harmless,chronic condition that occurs than normal.oil from the scalp causes the skin cells
when the scalp becomes dry or greasy and to clump together and appear as white flakes.
produces white flakes of dead skin that appear in
the hair or on the shoulders.

DOI: 10.35629/7781-060313001311 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 1302
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

CAUSES OF DANDRUFF :
●Dry skin. ADVANTAGES OF SHAMPOO:
● Irritated,oily skin. ● Cleansing properties
● Not shampooing often enough ● Improving hair hygiene.
●Other skin conditions: ● Treating scalp conditions
A. Eczema ● Treatment for dry scalp
B.Psoriasis ● Treatment for hair loss.
C.Seborrheic dermatitis ● Treatment for greasing or oily hair.
● Malassezia-yeast like fungus ● Relieves itch and irritation
●Sensitivity to hair products (contact dermatitis) ● Repairs damaged hair.
● Shampoo keeps hair silky or smooth.
TREATMENT : ● Keeps your hair beautiful and blossomed.
● Follow a healthy diet.
● Avoid stress. IDEAL PROPERTIES OF SHAMPOO:
● Shampoo use a combination of special ➤ To make the hair smooth and shiny.
ingredients to control dandruff. ➤ Produce good amount of foam
➤Should not cause irritation to scalp ,skin and eye.
SHAMPOO:
A Shampoo is a preparation of a surfactant in a ➤Should completely,effectively remove dirt.
suitable form -liquids,solid or powder-which when ➤Impart pleasant fragrance to hair.
used under the specified conditions will ➤Good biodegradability
➤ Remove surface grease ➤ Low toxicity
➤ Dirt and ➤ Slightly acidic (ph less than 7) since a basic
➤ Skin debris environment weakens the hair by breaking the
From the hair shaft and scalp without adversely disulphide bonds in hair keratin.
affecting the user.

ACTION OF SHAMPOO:

DOI: 10.35629/7781-060313001311 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 1303
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

TYPES OF SHAMPOO : hair than the thickness of the hair strands. ...
1.Powder shampoo :It is available in the form of Instead, valominzing shampoos should be
dry powder, initially it was prepared from dry lightweight enough to not weigh down your hair,
soaps, but nowadays dry synthetic detergents are thus creating more body in the end.
used for their preparation. Powder shampoo is
prepared where addition of water or other solvent 8.Specialised shampoo : Speciality shampoos are
reduces the activity of the components, especially marketed to people with dandruff, color-treated
in case of medicated shampoo. Nowadays, these hair, gluten or wheat allergies, an interest in using
shampoos are not used due to the difficulty an organic product, infants and young children
experienced in their application. ("baby shampoo" is less irritating).
2.Liquid shampoo : These are clear liquid A. Conditioner
preparations that are most widely used. They are B. Anti dandruff
usually made by using detergent of low cloud C. Baby
point. Some of these shampoos may be transparent. D.Two layer
3.Cream shampoo :These are called as lotion E.Anti hairfull
shampoos which are modification of clear liquid
cream shampoos. Solubilising agents such as HERBAL SHAMPOO:
magnesium stearate is also used to dissolve the They are the cosmetic preparations that with the
added opacifier. use of traditional ayurvedic herbs are meant for
4.Jelly shampoo :These are transparent and thick cleansing the hair and scalp just like the regular
usually made by incorporating a gelling agent, shampoo.
(e.g., cellulose).There is great use in hair salons They are used for removal of oils, dandruff, dirt,
and beauty parlors. The principle ingredient is environmental pollution, etcc.
detergent which can be used either alone or in
combination with soap. By altering the proportion ADVANTAGES OF HERBAL SHAMPOO:
of detergent, gel of required consistency can be ➤ Herbal shampoo are made out of pure and
obtained. Addition of methyl cellulose to clear organic ingredients and there are no synthetic
liquid shampoo and its subsequent thickening also additives or surfactants are free of any side effects.
gives rise to gel shampoo. ➤ Are bio-degradable and earth friendly.
5.Aerosol shampoo :They are called aerosol
➤ It doesn’t cause irritation to the eyes.
shampoos because they are packed in aerosol
containers. Their formulation, preparation and ➤ It is cost friendly,not much expensive
packing is complicated as an additional propellant .➤ Regular usage of herbal shampoo can do
is included. The propellant added must be wonders for your hair.
compatible and should not reduce the activity of ➤ By using herbal shampoo, you can get the
shampooing ingredients. The container opening is perfect oil balance.
provided with a valve. Shampoo comes out as foam ➤ They are made out of national essential
when the valve is pressed. Hence also called as antiseptic properties that prevent our hair and scalp
foam type shampoo. from the harsh u.v rays of the sun thus preventing
6.Keratin shampoo : When your shampoo(or any skin infections
hair care product) is infused with keratin oil, you
reap benefits that nourish and condition the hair. FUNCTIONS OF INGREDIENTS:
This helps it look shiny and smooth. It also helps to Orange peel:Citrus Aurantium
fight frizz, tame fly always, and protect against Dulcis,Rutaceae.It is good for itchy scalp and
damage caused by styling tools like a straightening removes dandruff as it loaded with antibacterial
iron or blow dryer. agents and a high content of essential compounds
7.Voluminzing shampoo : Volumizing or volume like vitamin C.It will give you a nice and refreshing
shampoos make hair appear fuller, bouncier and feel by adding good smell to your crowning glory.
more full of body. It's more about the texture of the

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 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

Reetha :Sapindus Mukorossi-Sapindaceae, Reetha basis to provide nourishment to the hair scalp and
or Soapnuts is also called as Arishtak in Ayurveda promote hair regrowth. Reetha helps to control
and “Soap nut tree” in India. It is well known for dandruff and promotes hair growth due to its
its traditional medicinal uses and is commonly used Tridosha balancing property. The Tikshna (sharp)
as a hair cleanser.It is an anti hair loss shampoo,the nature of Reetha also helps to keep the scalp
natural antifungal and anti bacterial which may dandruff- free.
helps in anti dandruff. It can be used on a daily

Hibiscus : Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, malvaceae, The can use conditioners that have Hibiscus as the key
Hibiscus nourishes the hair follicles, soften the hair ingredient. flowers and leaves contain mucilage
and make it more manageable. To reap the and plant proteins that helps in treatment of anti
nourishing benefits of Hibiscus for your hair, you dandruff and hair loss.

Ginger : Zingiber Officinale-Zingiberaceae, the dandruff effectively by getting rid of infections and
anti septic properties of ginger helps in treating fungus on the scalp. One of the main reason for

DOI: 10.35629/7781-060313001311 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 1305
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

dandruff is imbalance in PH. Ginger balances the PH of the scalp that ultimately helps in hair growth.

Curry leaves : Murraya Koenigii-Rutaceae, Curry growth, and prevents dandruff. Curry leaves are
leaves help to control dandruff. Its antifungal rich in cell reinforcements that saturate the scalp
properties help in reducing dandruff and itchiness while disposing the dead hair follicle, helps in
leaving you with a clean scalp and healthy hair. preventing hair fall, premature hair graying, and
Curry leaves moisturize your scalp, promote hair dandruff.

itchiness. It is an antifungal and antibacterial

Aloe vera : properties of Aloe vera may prevent dandruff. It
Aloe Barbadensis Miller-Asphodelaceae, will restore the PH of scalp and increases the hair
Aloe vera may also reduce inflammation, which growth.
can help people with dandruff symptoms, such as

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 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

Function of other chemicals:

1) Glycerine: It helps in moisturizing of hair.

2) Sodium Chloride: It is used as a thickener.

3) Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS): It is used as a surfactant.

4) Lemon juice: It is used as a preservative.

5) Gum (acacia): It is used to increase viscosity.

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 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

6)Castor oil: It helps for seal out moisture, reduce breakage, and protect the hair from damage

FORMULATION OF HERBAL SHAMPOO: ml by adding 10 ml acacia gum extract, 2 ml of

Formulation of the herbal shampoo was glycerine and 25 ml of water. To improve aroma in
done as per the formula given in Table 1. To the formulation, sufficient quantity (q.s.) of
increase the thickness of formulation, SLS (7.5%) essential oil (castor oil) was added. The shampoo
solution was prepared using 0.1 M NaCl. Twenty also included one capsule of Vitamin E for
ml of the herbal extract was added to 20 ml SLS conditioning, activated charcoal for color and 2 ml
solution with 20 ml NaCl solution and mixed by of lemon juice as preservative.
shaking gently. The final volume was made to 100

TABLE 1: COMPOSITION OF HERBAL SHAMPOO

INGREDIENTS QUANTITY

Herbal extract 20 ml

Sls 20 ml

0.1 M Nacl 20 ml

Acacia (gum) 10 ml

Glycerine 2 ml

Vitamin E capsules 2

Lemon juice 2 ml

Essential oil (castor oil) q.s

Water 25 ml

Materials and methods Collection of plants: decoction method and the prepared extracts were
The parts of plants like orange (peel), stored in well-closed containers.
Reetha (fruit), Ginger (root) and Guar gum were
collected from the local market. Curry patta Preparation of herbal extract:
(leaves) and Aloe vera (leaves) were obtained from 5g of Curry patta powder, 5g of Ginger
nursery locally. These were washed under running water, 10g of Aloe vera gel, 20g of Reetha and 5g
water to remove contaminants. They are dried in of orange peel powder (Table 2) were mixed with
sunlight , converted into coarse powders and sieved 100 ml water in a stainless steel vessel. The
using 60meshes. The extracts were prepared by mixture was kept for boiling until the water

DOI: 10.35629/7781-060313001311 | Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 1308
 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

reduced to one quarter. It was then filtered. The clear extract obtained was used as herbal extract .

TABLE -2:INGREDIENTS OF HERBAL EXTRACT:

PLANT PART QUANTITY FOR 100 MG

Curry patha Leaves 5%(5GM)

Ginger Root 5%(5GM)

Orange peel powder Peel 20%(20GM)

Retha Fruit 10%(10GM)

Hibiscus Leaves 5%(5GM)

Aloe vera Leaves 10%(10GM)

EVALUATION OF HERBAL SHAMPOO: 5. Rheological evaluation:

To evaluate the prepared formulations, The viscosity of herbal shampoo was determined
quality control tests including visual assessment by using Ostwald’s viscometer . The viscosity of
and physicochemical controls such as pH, density, the herbal shampoo was measured by counting
viscosity, surface tension, foam volume, foam drops of herbal shampoo from the mark to bottom.
stability and wetting time were performed using �� = ������/ ����
standard protocols. ▪ nw: viscosity of water
▪ ny: viscosity of tested liquid
1. Physical appearance/visual inspection: ▪ dw: density of water
The formulation prepared was evaluated for the ▪ dy: density of tested liquid
clarity, color, odor and foam producing ability and ▪ tw: timing of runoff of water
fluidity [14]. ▪ ty: timing of runoff of tested liquid

2. Determination of pH: 6. Dirt dispersion:

A 10% v/v shampoo solution was constituted in Two drops of herbal shampoo were added
distilled water and the pH of the solution was in a wide mouthed falcon tube containing 10ml of
measured by using a calibrated pH meter [15]. distilled water. 1 drop of India ink was added, the
3. Determination of solid content percentage: falcon tube was covered and shaken for ten times.
A clean dry evaporating dish was The amount of ink in the foam was estimated as
weighed and 4 grams of shampoo was added to the None, Light, Moderate, or Heavy .
evaporating dish. The evaporating dish with 7. Cleansing action:
shampoo was placed on the hot plate until the The cleansing property of the herbal
liquid portion was evaporated. The weight of the shampoo was evaluated by the application of the
solid contents present in the shampoo was shampoo on hair that has not been washed for
calculated after drying. seven days. The shampoo was used to wash the
hair of human subject that had applied oil 4-5 hours
4. Wetting time: before washing. The performance of the shampoo
Wetting time was calculated by noting the was assessed on its ability to remove oily dirt from
time required by the canvas paper to sink scalp.
completely [16] . A canvas paper weighing 0.44 g
was cut into a disc of diameter measuring 1-inch. 8. Surface tension measurement:
Over the shampoo (1% v/v) surface, the canvas Measurement was carried out with herbal
paper disc was kept and the time taken for the shampoo through stalagometer . The principle is to
paper to sink was measured using the stopwatch. measure the weight of the drops of herbal shampoo
falling from a capillary glasstube, and thereby

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 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications
Volume 6, Issue 3 May - June 2021, pp: 1300-1311 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2249-7781

calculate the surface tension of the fluid. We can described by Cheesbrough . The Gram positive
determine the weight of the falling drops by (Bacillus) and Gram negative (E.coli) test
counting them. From it we can determine the organisms were subcultured on nutrient broth and
surface tension as shown below . incubated at 37°C till desired turbidity. The
�� = ��/ �� × ��/ �� × �� developed culture was streaked on the surface of
▪ nl: no. of drops of liquid Mueller Hinton agar on which four wells were
▪ nw: no. of drops of water punched with sterile cork borer. 25, 50, 100 and
▪ dl: density of liquid 150 ul shampoo were filled in these wells in
▪ dw: density of water increasing order. The plates were incubated at 37
▪ tw: 71.2 dyne/cm °C for 24 hrs. and zone of inhibition around the
wells were measured using a ruler.
9. Foaming ability & foam stability:
Cylinder shake method was used for II. CONCLUSION:
determining foaming ability. 50ml of the 1% herbal The objective of the study was to develop
shampoo solution was put into a 250ml graduated a stable and functionally effective herbal shampoo
cylinder & the cylinder was covered with hands by excluding synthetic chemicals, which are
and shaken for 10 minutes. The total volume of the normally incorporated in such formulations to
foam content after 1 minute shaking was recorded. larger extent. Synthetic hair shampoo is known to
Immediately after shaking the volume of foam at 1 damage the hair cuticle leaving it brittle, dull and
minute intervals for 10 minutes were recorded.The dry . Although the formulated shampoo contains
foam volume remains same throughout the period synthetic chemical as SLS (7.5%) but its
of about 5 min showing that the generated foam by percentage is too small as compared to synthetic
the shampoo has good stability and the prepared shampoo (10-40%) available in the market.The
shampoo exhibits higher foam property which may evaluation study on our shampoo showed good
be due to the presence of soapnut. cleaning action, better foaming capacity, and quick
wetting time. We have used Aloe-vera gel to
10. Stability Study: provide the conditioning effects.
The stability of the formulation was studied for a
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