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Kozeny Karman Equation

The Kozeny–Carman equation calculates the pressure drop of a fluid flowing through a packed bed of solids. It was derived from modeling fluid flow as laminar flow through curved passages in a packed bed based on Poiseuille's law describing laminar flow in pipes. The equation relates pressure drop, fluid velocity, viscosity, bed porosity, particle sphericity, and particle diameter. It is only valid for creeping or slow laminar flow at low particle Reynolds numbers below approximately 1.0.

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768 views2 pages

Kozeny Karman Equation

The Kozeny–Carman equation calculates the pressure drop of a fluid flowing through a packed bed of solids. It was derived from modeling fluid flow as laminar flow through curved passages in a packed bed based on Poiseuille's law describing laminar flow in pipes. The equation relates pressure drop, fluid velocity, viscosity, bed porosity, particle sphericity, and particle diameter. It is only valid for creeping or slow laminar flow at low particle Reynolds numbers below approximately 1.0.

Uploaded by

vijay kumar honnali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Kozeny–Carman equation (or Carman–Kozeny equation or Kozeny equation) is a relation

used in the field of fluid dynamics to calculate the pressure drop of a fluid flowing through a packed
bed of solids. It is named after Josef Kozeny and Philip C. Carman. The equation is only valid
for creeping flow, i.e. in the slowest limit of laminar flow. The equation was derived by Kozeny (1927)
[1]
and Carman (1937, 1956)[2][3][4] from a starting point of (a) modelling fluid flow in a packed bed as
laminar fluid flow in a collection of curving passages/tubes crossing the packed bed and
(b) Poiseuille's law describing laminar fluid flow in straight, circular section pipes.

Equation[edit]
The equation is given as:[4][5]

where:

 is the pressure drop;

 is the total height of the bed;

 is the superficial or "empty-tower" velocity;

 is the viscosity of the fluid;

 is the porosity of the bed;

 is the sphericity of the particles in the packed bed;

 is the diameter of the volume equivalent spherical particle.[6]


This equation holds for flow through packed beds with particle Reynolds numbers up to
approximately 1.0, after which point frequent shifting of flow channels in the bed causes
considerable kinetic energy losses.
This equation is a partial case of the Darcy's law stating that "flow is proportional to the pressure
drop and inversely proportional to the fluid viscosity".

Combining these equations gives the final Kozeny equation for absolute (single phase)
permeability

 is the porosity of the bed (or core plug) [fraction]

 is average diameter of sand grains [m]


 is absolute (i.e. single phase) permeability [m^2]

 is the [sphericity] of the particles in the packed bed = 1 for spherical


particles

The combined proportionality and unity factor has typically average value of
0.8E6 /1.0135 from measuring many naturally occurring core plug samples, ranging
from high to low clay content, but it may reach a value of 3.2E6 /1.0135 for clean sand.
[citation needed]
The denominator is included explicitly to remind us that permeability is defined
using [atm] as pressure unit while reservoir engineering calculations and reservoir
simulations typically use [bar] as pressure unit.

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