POWERLINE REVIEW CENTER, Inc. ADVANCE ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS combination of real and imaginary numbers, Square root of a negative number is called “imaginary number”, the imaginary unit denoted as j satisfying the relation j = W=1, Form of /* where *n” is an integer either odd or even: (a) for even powers of: (6) for odd powers of yt =(i")i= 87 ‘Theorems on complex numbers: (a) if x jy=0,then x = Oand y = 0 () if x, + fy) = x2 + Aanthenxy = xz and y, => (©) if (+ sya + Jy2)=0, thenx, + jy, =0 orxs + jy2=0 Forms of complex numbers: (a) Rectangular form: Z=x-+ jy (b) Pol lar or“Steinmet2” form: Z=120; where r= magnitude or amplitude, ‘= argument or displacement in degrees (cos@ 4,j sin 8) =r js =1eis 8 ; where 8 is in degrees (© Trigonomettic form: Z (@ Exponential form: Z=re!” ; whofe 0 is in Fadians ‘Trigonometric and Inverse trigonometric Function of Complex Numbers elt ei? el yal a () cos == = (a) sino = p (@) sinh = ©) cosy © i © cons (©) sechx = — 7 (k) aresech x- fics | Oexsl ee aceensei{ IES) x50, 0x0 Relations between hyperbolic and trigonometric functions: @ says= sth —— (@) sh jx=jsinx () aresinhZ =In(Z2VZ? +1) {b) cas fA= cosh (@) cosh f= Coss (0 arecosh Z=In(Z2VZ==1) (14Z) © tm Yuan x — tah = janx ( arctanhZ = +n 22 "\I-z}LAPLACE TRANSFORMS The process of transforming a given function from real time domain to a new function in the complex frequency domain, Let /t) = real time domain or original function, at ¢>0. The Laplace formula: Fe =Z (fo}= [Pe oe Laplace Transforms of some elementary functions: 2 Bre" EL (ay=2 > 2. Lae = 4. ZL sinat= 5.£ cosat = 6.£ sinh at = 7.£ coshat THEOREMS o Theorem 1 (Linearity Theorem) Zlarorogol=a Z[fo]+ Ze] aplace Transforms Theorem 2 (First Shifting Theorem) Zero LU Ohsine Theorem 3 (Second Shifting Theorem) Zlue-afe-a)=e* Z [fo] ‘Theorem 4 (Transforms of Derivatives) where” ~ nth. Derivative of a function of Llrol-sZ[rol-7o Zlrwl-s* Z LOH 1047] Zipral=s* Z Polk? +5 /OXPO)] zlrols" ZO be" 10482 roses 77+ FO] ‘Theorem 5 (Transforms of Integrals) if (i) is of exponential order and at least piecewise continuous a [vou] Lz (polit Pra SFORM LAPLAC Simply the reverse of Laplace Transforms, in which: Z-"{FS)} = (0) Theorem 6 Ifa Laplace transform contains the fictor s the inverse of that transform can be found by suppressing the factor , determining the inverse of the remaining portion of the transform, andl finally differentiate that inverse with respect tof Theorem 7 If a Laplace transform contains the factor 1/s, the inverse of that transform can be found by suppressing the factor 1/s, determining the inverse of the remaining portion of the transform, andl finally integrating that inverse with respect from 0 tor. Pow’ RIE General method of expanding a function in power series in.x and (x~a) (a): Tavlor’s Series of expansion: powers of (x-a) mo} fra) 2 (a LO, (e-ay" £0) = f(a) P(x ay £1) ml(©), Maclaurin's Series of expansio 400 = (+L) LO ° M4 Lon GP + [Sa Series used to represent a periodic wave in either exponential or trigonometric form. The series has the form of: 1 Cosme sins)= 1 +b, sinx-+by sin2x-+b, sin3x-+---+b, sine wer: ay=2 fyerde ag Fytapoormic = fps ichlet Condition : A function fx) satisfying the following conditions: {isis periodic with period 22, ie. fix*2n) =fix) “fes) isa Single-valued and finite in each period ‘s) has a finite number of finite discontinuities in each period. ‘fs) has a number of finite maxima and minima in each period. If (isan even periodic function which satisfies the Dirichlet conditions, the cocet Series of fi) are given by the Formula by 20 for half range cosine series If fx) is an odd periodic function which satisfies the Dirichlet condition, the coefficients in the Fourier Series of fi) are given by the formulas, 24 nat 6 =2 [rosin ad for half range sine series Oe Exponential Fourier Series : Parseval’s Identity states that : o 7 Te 1 sf LE aetna 1 peda 2. Fler v0? bana, [708 Aton) [soe dt } Je Ndr“ Xi 2 +53) Complex Notation for Fourier Series : te Fe R. A rectangular array of numbers enclosed within brackets and arranged in m rows and 17 columns, Each number in the matrix is called an element A matrix having only one row is called a row matrix {row vector} while a matrix having only one column is called a column matrix {column vector}. Ifthe number of roes m and column 7 are equal the matrix is called a square matrix. A matrix is said to be real matrix or complex matrix according as its elements are real or complex numbers. INVERSE OF A MATRIX Rules for Finding the Inverse of a matrix Find the det A. IF det A'~0. there is no inverse. If det A +0, continue to apply the following steps. Form the transposed matrix, A? Replace each clement of A" by its conesponding cofactor. The resulting matrix is called the adjoint matrix. 4 Divide each element of the adjoint matrix by det A and the result is A.PROPERTIES OF A MATRIX 1. Equatity of Matrices: Two matrices A and B are equal if they are of the same order and corresponding Elements are equal, When mn, we have a square matrix. An nan of square matrix is said to be of order 2, The number associated with a square matrix is called a determinant. 2. Addition of Matrices. If A=(ay) and B=(bs) have the same order, we define the sumof A and B aS ASB = (a+b) 3. Subiraction of Matrices. If A= (ax) and as A~B=(aj—by) bx) have the same order, we define the difference of A & B 4. Multiptication ofa Matrix hy a scalar. | oa Multiplied by 7 2 4ps 46 “302 -302||-20 8 5. Multiplication of Matrices. Wf A=(ay.) isan meen matrix while B=(by) is an nxp matrix, then we define the product AB or AB of A and B as the matrix C = (cj) where f — 35 cn = Dita dy Wet A= p=|2 -1), then ee 2a -3 0 2 45 ro 42 Pee oan) [ "] (390) *(092)#(2H4) (-395)4(0V—*2)2))"[=1. = 6. Transpose of a Mairi. If we interchange rows and columns of matrix A, the resulting matrix is called ‘The transpose of A and is denoted by AT. In symbols, if 204 2s AGN. efi 2 7 Symmetric and Skew-symmeirie Mathces. A square mattis A ig called symmetric if A™= A and skew sommetriei AF = A. the Transpose OF [2 2] sesev-snnane Proms [2 wasnt MECTOR ANALYSIS Vector — isany physical clement or quantity that has both magnitude and direction, lke displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, weight, lux, current, voltage etc. ‘Scalar — jis any quantity that contains magnitude only, like distance, speed, temperature, ime, energy, mass, density, arithmetic numbers such as 2. x ete. Any directed line segment can be called a “Veetor™. The magnitucle ofa vector is the same as its length. Position Vector ~ any vector that starts atthe origin which usually represented by r, city tk Where ‘ij, and & are called unit vector, the expression Is also called a unit vector of A. (i.e. as) Yeotor Magnitude ~ is the length of the vector. Hence, the magnitude of ris h-seareeY x x z Right-handed, Z up Right-handed, Y up Zz! Y z x x Y Left-handed, Z up Left-handed, ¥ up —Biluality of Vectors — two vectors are equal ifand only if their magnitude and direction are the same (or they are parallel). Two vectors are equal if and only if their components are equal, VECTOR ALGEBRA 1. Vectors may be added or subtracted. WA=ai+ajtak md — B=bj +b,j+bsk ALB = (a £b)i + (a; £b.)/ +(ay 4b) 2. the’ associative, distributive, and commutative laws apply A+(B+C)=(A+B)+C : associative law K(A¥B) =kA+ KB distributive lawB+A commutative law A+B ‘Multiplication i, Sealar and Vector ‘m>0 (any Scalar) and A mA = may-+ may) + mask m<0 (any Scalar) and A= ai +asj+ask mA =—mai—ma,j—mayk but ako md = mayi-+ may) + mask iit aa + ask ii, ‘The Dot (or Scalar) product of two vector is Ae B=[AfB|cos0 = ah, + ashy +a), Read as A dot B Bes then 418, Ady =projdonB, Read as projection of A onto B = Bea,= projBon A, Read as projection of B onto A Note that Ae B isa scalar quantify not a Vector. Then, the following laws are valid lL deB=Bed Commutative Law for Dot Products 2. Ae(B+C)=AeB¥ ASC) / Distributive Law 3. m(AeB)=(md ye B= Ae(mB)=(Ae Bm iii The Cross (or Vector) Product of yo vectors is + vi |Aja|singa, =[a, a: a oy fp Pee b. Da a a, blo la wit vecto Fnommal f the ple wsing RHCS, then Ait +4 Read as A cross B bak ixi jxi=o k kxk=0 kxieJ Note that 4x Bisa veotor quantity not scalar. Then the following laws are valid 1 AxB=-BxA 2 Ax(B+C)=Ax B+ Axe 3. m(4xB)=(ma)xB = Ax(mB)=(AxB)m 4, |<] =the area of a panilelog ram with sides and 2, ‘Lriple Products of Vectors, 1 (Ue B)C +A B4C) in gover 2. Ae(BxC) = Be (Cx A) = Ce (Ax B)=volume ofa parallelepiped having A, B and Cas edges, or the ‘negative ofthis volume according as A, B and C do or do not forma Right Handed Coordinate System. in whichAe(BxO)=[h, 3. Ax(BxC)#(AxB)xC 4. AK(BxO=(ACOB-(AeB)C (AXB)xC=(AeQB-BeCja GRADIENT, DIVERGENCE, & CURL The Vector differential operator “Del”, Written Vis defined by the operator V is also known as “abla” SPHMEE GARAD LENE +t 6 (12) dima an dieeble atch pot 9 ncaa region of space, then the Gradient of } will be written V } or grad. $ or defined as: 242) g2 128 tt tt a (Note V 6 is a Vector quantity) + let V(x,» 2) Vil + Vai + Vo be defined and differentiable at each point (x,y, 2) ima certain region of space, then the divergence of V will be written V# V ordiv. V or defined as a, , Vs) leo e) + en Z oli 40s PVA) (Note Ve V isa Scalar quantity) CURL : IF VG y, 2)is differentiable vector field then the “curl or rotation” of V, writen VV. curl of V is defined by ety eae , (Note VV is a Vector quantity)POWERLINE REVIEW CENTER Inc. The Ultimate E.E. Review Center 1. Write in the form a + bi the expression 2”” A. 244 Bo -i+1 2. Solve for Z of the equation A 4-31 B. Z=-8-6i ADVANCE ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS REVIEW PROBLEMS O74 18 c. 2-1 Do1+ C. Z=-4-47 D. Z=4-31 3. IFA=40e", B=202—40° and C=26.46 + j0.Solve for A+B +C, A. 27.7 angle 45° B. 35.1 angle 45° C. 30.8 angle 45° D. 33.4 angle 45° 4, What is the simplified complex expression of (1 = )° ? A 1-j B. 41-7) Cr+] D. 41+) 5. Find the rectangular conjugate of the polar vector 120 -35° A, 117.96 + 98.3 B, 59.48 + /49.65, C\ ss o\ 3.83 68,86 + /82.60 co, ciel 1B pa net2208 169 7. Find the principal 5". root of [50(cos 150° + jsin 150°)] A. (1941.1) B. 626+ /2.1) 8 Evaluate (Ji A. 4.8105 B. 0.2079 9. Determine the principal value of (= 7 ‘A, 0.009 B. 111.3 10. Express ¢~ ©2014 + 65403 in rectangular form ‘A. 1.167 + 0.732 B. 0.129 + 0.0339 C. (2.874 /2.1) D. (2.25- 1.2) J4.8105 ~j1.5708 so 1.43 f11.43 90 C. 1.352-/0.315 D. 1.684 — 1.46211, Evaluate In (3 +/4) AL 477+ (0.843 B. 161+ 0.927 12. Evaluate the value of log (—5) A 54/1364 B. 15.71 + (0.434 C. 1.954 /0.112 D. 1.46 + j0.102 ©. 0.741.364 D. 1.196 + 0.434 13. Find the real component of one of the square roots of 7 —j24. AB Ba 14. Find all values of z for which e%3z Atti B. 2kr/3 45.If z= 6e"mi/3 evaluate eviz ‘A. e%isq root of 3 B, e%-3sqroot of 3 chy D3 C.4/3 kr D. 1/8 kn + % krti C. e*sq root of 3 D. e%-sq root of 3 16. Find the principal value of the complex expression (1 + j2) raise to the power of (3 + /4). A, 0.134 + 0.034 B. -2.013 + 0.129 17. Evaluate cos (0.492 + 0.942) A, ~1.082 + 0.541 B. 1302-0514 18. If sinx = 2, find sin2x. Aid B. j4y3 19, If sinx = 2, find cos2x. Ais B.j4y3 20. If sinx = 2, find sin3x. A. j55 B.j15V3 C. 0.129 + (0.034 D. 2.236 - 6.541 C312 +)1.54 D. 1,484 0.01 21, Find the Laplace transform of the transient current in an R-L-C series circuit with no initial energies at /= 0. E A. 1)=——— L+R+— C Bo A(s)= i MEARE) 22. Find the Laplace Transform of t A. -16s(s? + 16) B. 2i(s? + 16)° E Cc. 1(s)= ——— ae s*¢ D. 1¢)-—4+— sl + R42) C. 2(s+4)° D. 8s(s? + 16) ?23, 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 31 Find the Laplace Transform of t? cost. A. -16s(s? + 16) C. 8(38 — 16)/(s? + 16)° B, 2s(s% - 48)((s? + 16)° D, 8s(s? + 16)? 100 Determine the inverse Laplace transform of I(s) = [er 10% +20) A. i () = 10 exp (10 f) + 20 exp (-20 1) C.i (t) = 10 exp (~10 f) ~ 10 exp (-20 1) B. it) = 10 exp (10) - 20 exp (201). i () = 20 exp (10 f) + 10 exp (20 200 5 +106 Determine the inverse Laplace transform of I(s) s A Ot exp (-25 4) sin 100¢ €.1()=2.0 exp (25) cos 100 ¢ B exp (258) sin 100¢ D.i (= 2.0t exp (251) cos 100 Using power series, evaluate the fe A. 0.96622 ©. 0.94611 B. 0.66722 D..0.99611 Given the following series: dosx=174 4 e a St 2 aN What relation can you draw from these three series ? A. &* =cosx+sin x ©. ef Seosx+sin x B. e* =cosx+tisin x D. ie" =¥eosx'¢/sin x Given the Fourier Series in Cosine form, f(t) = 5 cos 20x t + 2 Cos 40x t+ cos 80x ¢, what is the fundamental frequency A. 10 c. 20 B. 40 D. 30 Given the Fourier Series in Cosine form, /(f) = 10 cos 40x f+ 2 cos 80m. What is (1)? A. 12 C=12 B. 3.25 D.8 Evaluate the terms of a Fourier Series 2e/!*" +20" at r=1 A 2-j C4 B 2 D. 242 if mati , | +2Matrix 7 ‘] equals A. Matix| "> 4 ©. Matrix! > 22 [+1 3] B. Matrix 1 | D. Matrix i" 532, Find the values of the unknown x and y from the following: 30 y 4-5 33 [: o I 5 as wo 2 A413 Cc. -1,3 B24 D. -2,4 23 33.1fA=|-1 2 05 a? 3] co fi 7 los} [2 0. 3 P23 oP 0 5} 53] ays 34, Evaluate the determinant: a-\! y y Is, 74 -3\o4 A. 489 C. 326 B. 373 D. 452 fry 36, The inverse of mattix| 5 | is 10/1] A. matey al c. Matis Hl gael 11 8. Matrix |! 1 D. Matix{~! 1 o1 5 36. Determine the eigen-values of the following matrix: [i ] 5 1 A 34 c.3, B81 D4. 37. Given the 3-dimensional vectors: A= (xy) i + (2yx) j + (32x) k B= (yz) i + (22x) j + (xy) k Determine the magnitude of the vector sum IA + BI_at coordinates (3, 2, 1) A. 32.92 ©. 27.20 B. 29.92 D. 24.7338, Simplify the expression (A x B) #C, given’ 31+ 2j +3j+k + 2k A. 180 C. 601 + 24k B. 20 D. 5i+2k 39, Use the cylindrical coordinates to find the area of the curved surface of a right circular cylinder where p = 2m,h=5m, and 30°< #< 120° A. 18.71 m? Cc. Sm B. 7.85m? D. 3.14 m? 40. Convert the spherical-coordinate equation ¢ = 60° to its rectangular-coordinate equation. ©, e+ yt=32? D. x+y? = 32? 41, Determine the gradient of the function: /(x, y, 2) =»? + y? + 22, at a point (1, 2, 3). Give the magnitude of the gradient of A. 7.48 units ©, 8.25 units B. 6.00 units D.\7.21 units 42, Determine the divergence of the vector: V = (x’y) i + xy) J + (yz) k at coordinates (3, 2, 1) Rte Ag B11 Dd. 15 SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS 4. Simplify 122+ 72% +7 A3) C141 B1-/ Di 2. Simplify (3-1) ?-7(8 =) + 10. A.-(3+1) c.3=7 B.3+i) D.-(3-1) 3. Whats the simplified form of the complex expression (4.33 + j2.5) square ? A125 + j21.65, C. 15+ j20 B. 20+ j20 D. 21.65 + 12.5 4, What is the simplified expression of the complex quantity (6 + j2.5) /(3 + j4)? A, - 0.32 + 0.68 C. 0.32-j0.66 B.1.12-j0.66 D. 1.75 + j1.03 "is a unit vector at 120° angle, determine the vector sum (1 — a + a°) in polar form, A\1.732 cis( — 30°) ©. 2cis(-60°) B, 2cis60° D, 1.732cis60°Ati 6. Rationalize A442) 11+ 108 5 7. Express ¢°%2* 55 in rectangular form A. 1.167 + 0.732 B. 1.193 + 1.163 8. logs _9(3 + i4) A. -0.23 + j2.154 B.-0.10 + j0.937 9, Evaluate sinh(0.5 + j0.75) A. 0.858/63.3° B. 1.190117.4° 10. Evaluate cosh(jz/4) ‘A. 0.707107/90° B. 1.414212/270° 11. Evaluate tanh(jn/3) ‘A. 0.707107/0" B.1.7321/90° 12 If sinx = 2, find cos3x. A. j55 B.j15v3 13. The Laplace transform of the function [1 — A. 1/s(5 +) B. 1/[(s square + a square) 14. The Laplace Transform of cosoat. A. si[(s square + @ square)] B. olf(s square + © square) 15. The Laplace Transform of sinhat. A. sif(s square — a square)] B. al[(s square — a square) 542i D.242i C. 1.352-/0.315 D. 1.684 —/1.462 C.-0.05 + j0.459 D. -0.53 + j4.952 ©, 0.521/1.63° D.4.190/17.4° C.1.414214/180" D,0.707107/0° 0.866/-90° . 1.4142141180" go c.=26 D7 (exp—at)] /ais C.1/s(s=a) D. 4(S + a) square C. offs +0) D. sis +0) C. alls—a) D. siis—a) 46. If the Laplace transform of the function [1-e (exp —)] = 1/[s (s#1)], then the final value Of this function can be determined by the final value theorem as A-t B. infinity C4 DO17. Find the Laplace Transform of t? sindt, ‘A, ~16s(s? + 16) C. 8(38? - 16)/(s” + 16)? B, 25(s? - 48)(s? + 16)° D. 8s(s? + 16)? 48, The inverse Laplace Transform of s / [(s square + square)] is: A.sinot C. (e exponent at) Bo D. cosat 19. Find the inverse Laplace Transform of [2 / (s + 1)] -[4/ (s + 3)]. A. [2 (exp — 1) ~4 e(exp — 31)] ©. [e(exp ~ 21) ~ 4 (exp ~ 31)] B. [e(exp — 21) + e(exp — 30] D. [2 e(exp — 24)]1(1 = 2 e(exp - 20) 20. Find the inverse Laplace Transform of (s) = A. 20! (doos2t + Ssinzt (4cos2t - Ssin2t) B. £67 ' Gcos2t + asin2ty D. $e! (Scos2t— asin2t) 21. Find the 6th term of the series 1+24+2+24—44 2+ 6 * 24 hizo A. 1/240 11360 B. 1/720 D. 1/960 22, Given the Fourier Series in cosine form f(t) = 5.cos 40zt + cos6Ozt. What is the fundamental frequency? A.10 c.20 B.40 D. 30 23, One term of the Fourier Series in cosine form 10cos 40nt, Write it in exponential form. A. Se Hort C. 102 ~HOrt B. 5eHOnt 4 Sq —HOnt D. -106 -i#0xt 2 ae a) | then what is the cofactor of the first row, second column element? 2-1 4 o-[s 3000 45 0 ale 7 4| of 7 3| 10 0 125 1 2 3 26, Evaluate the determinant: A [2 -1 “4 o 1 4 Ad C2 B8 DO 2-2 -5 ‘| 6-4 -2 -2 = 3] -1 4 1-1 2 x 28. rma] a a} multiplied by matrix [| is equal to zero, then matrix is o-101 z AB co B41 Di2 A B. 30. Three vectors A, Band C are related as follows the conjugate of B. Find the value of vector A. A5+j5 C. 10-j10 B.-10+j10 D. 15+)15 180°, A + C= 15 + j15 and Cis 31. If vector B directed from (2, ~ 4, 1) to (0, - 2, 0) in Cartesian Coordinate, find the unit vector along B. A. (i+) +ky/3 ©.(-21+2j-KV3 B.(-21-2)-ky3 D.(- 21+ 2 +ky/3 32, Given the vector A = 4j + 10k and vector B = 2i + 3), find the projection of A on B. A. 3.328 C. 3.528 B.3.428 D. 3.628 33. If A =x2zi — 2y3zj + xy2z k, find V-A (or div A) at the point (1, -1, 1) A=3 c.-4 BT D934,16 9 (x, y, 2) = Sr 2-4 vr + G/V. Evaluate V 4. A.3r2—6r+ 82 ©, Br —2r-W2 4-42 B.6r - 2r-V2— p82 D, 6r2—2r +r 32 ***EL FIN***