In [ ]: 1 #LAB 1

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot curve connecting the points using plot and scatter function
2 ​
3 from pylab import * #Library which comprise of numpy and matplotlib
4 ​
5 x=[2,3,4,5,7] # x - values
6 y=[4,2,3,7,10] # y - values
7 ​
8 if len(x)!=len(y):
9 print("number of values of x and y doesnot match")
10 else:
11 scatter(x,y) #plot points in the plane
12 plot(x,y) #plot curve connecting the points
13 grid()
14 xlabel("x-axis")
15 ylabel("y-axis")
16 title("Scatter grph")
17 xlim(0,10)
18 ylim(0,10)
19 axvline(color="red")
20 axhline(color="red")
21 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot exponential function

2 ​
3 from pylab import * #Library which comprise of numpy and matplotlib
4 ​
5 x = arange(-5,5,0.001) # x takes the values between -10 and 10 with a
6 #step length of 0.001
7 y = exp(x) # Exponential function
8 plot(x,y) # plotting the points
9 title(" Exponential curve ") # giving a title to the graph
10 grid()
11 xlabel("x-axis")
12 ylabel("y-axis")
13 xlim(-10,10)
14 axvline(color="red")
15 axhline(color="red")
16 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot sin(x) and cos(x) together

2 ​
3 from pylab import * #Library which comprise of numpy and matplotlib
4 ​
5 x = linspace(-2*pi,2*pi,100) # x takes the values between -10 and 10 with
6 #a step length of 0.001
7 ​
8 plot(x,sin(x),x,cos(x)) # plotting the points
9 title(" Exponential curve ") # giving a title to the graph
10 grid()
11 xlabel("x-axis")
12 ylabel("y-axis")
13 title("Scatter grph")
14 xlim(-2*pi,2*pi)
15 axvline(color="red")
16 axhline(color="red")
17 show()
In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot functions x, x^2 and X^3 for same values of x
2 from pylab import *
3 ​
4 x= linspace (0 , 2 , 100 )
5 plot(x,x,label='linear ') # Plot of y=x a linear curve
6 plot(x,x**2,label='quadratic ') # Plot of y=x^2 a quadric curve
7 plot(x,x**3,label='cubic ') # Plot of y=x^3 a cubic curve
8 xlabel('x label ') # Add an x- label to the axes .
9 ylabel('y label ') # Add a y- label to the axes .
10 title(" Simple Plot ") # Add a title to the axes .
11 legend(loc="upper right") # Add a legend
12 axvline(color="red")
13 axhline(color="red")
14 ylim(0,6)
15 grid()
16 show() # to show the complete graph

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot parametric curve circle x=r*cos(theta) and y=r sin(theta)

2 from pylab import *
3 #x=arange(-3,3,0.001)
4 theta=linspace(0,2*pi,1000)
5 x=3*cos(theta)
6 y=3*sin(theta)
7 plot(x,y)
8 axis("square")
9 title("$x=3 cos(\\theta) & y=3 sin(\\theta)$")
10 axvline(color="red")
11 axhline(color="red")
12 grid()
13 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot parametric curve cycloid x=r*(theta-sin(theta)) and

2 #y=r (1-cos(theta))
3 ​
4 from pylab import *
5 ​
6 theta=linspace(0,2*pi,1000)
7 x=3*(theta-sin(theta))
8 y=3*(1-cos(theta))
9 plot(x,y)
10 title("$x=3 (\\theta-sin(\\theta)) & y=3 (1-cos(\\theta))$")
11 axvline(color="red")
12 axhline(color="red")
13 grid()
14 show()

In [ ]: 1 # Plot cardioid r=5(1+cos theta )

2 from pylab import *
3 theta=linspace(0,2*pi,1000)
4 r1=5+5*cos( theta )
5 polar(theta,r1,'r')
6 title("$r=a(1+cos(\\theta))$")
7 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to pLot cardiod r=a(1+cos(theta)) take a =2

2 theta=linspace(0,2*pi,1000)
3 r=2*(1+cos(theta))
4 polar(theta,r)
5 title("cardiod: $r=a(1+cos(\\theta))$")
6 axvline(color="red")
7 show()
In [ ]: 1 #Program to pLot cardiod r=a(1+cos(theta)) &r=a(1-cos(theta))
2 theta=linspace(0,2*pi,1000)
3 r1=2*(1+cos(theta))
4 r2=2*(1-cos(theta))
5 polar(theta,r1,theta,r2)
6 title("cardiods: $r=a(1+cos(\\theta))$ & $r=a(1-cos(\\theta))$")
7 axvline(color="red")
8 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot four leaved rose r=2|cos(2*theta)|

2 from pylab import *
3 theta=linspace(0,2*pi,1000)
4 r=2*abs(cos(2*theta))
5 polar(theta,r)
6 title("$r=2|cos(2*\\theta))|$")
7 axvline(color="red")
8 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot circle r=5

2 from pylab import *
3 theta=linspace(0,2*pi,1000)
4 r=[5 for i in theta]
5 polar(theta,r,color="red")
6 title("$circle: r= constant $")
7 axvline(color="green")
8 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot implicit function, Cissiod: y^2(a-x)=x^3; a=2

2 from pylab import *
3 from sympy import *
4 x,y=symbols('x,y')
5 plot_implicit(Eq(y**2*(2-x),x**2*(2+x)),xlabel="",ylabel="",
6 title="Strophoid:$y^2(2-x)=x^2(2+x)$")
7 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot implicit function, Circle: x^2 + y^2 =a^2; a=2

2 from pylab import *
3 from sympy import *
4 x,y=symbols('x,y')
5 p1=plot_implicit(Eq(x**2 + y**2,4),xlabel=False,ylabel=False,
6 title='Circle : $x^2+y^2=4$ ',aspect_ratio=(2.,2.)) # a= 2
7 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot Cissiod - an implicit function

2 from sympy import *
3 from pylab import *
4
5 x,y=symbols('x y')
6 p2=plot_implicit(Eq ((y**2)*(3-x),x**3),xlabel=False,ylabel=False,
7 title='Cissiod : $y^2 (a-x)=x^3, a> 0$ ') # a= 2
8 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot Lemniscate - an implicit function

2 from sympy import *
3 from pylab import *
4
5 x,y=symbols('x y')
6 ​
7 p2=plot_implicit(Eq(4*(y**2),(x**2)*(4-x**2)),xlabel=False,ylabel=False,
8 title='Leminscate : $a^2 y^2 = x^2 (a^2-x^2), a> 0$ ') # a= 2
9 show()
In [ ]: 1 #Program to plot Folium of De-cartes - an implicit function
2 from sympy import *
3 from pylab import *
4
5 x,y=symbols('x y')
6 ​
7 p=plot_implicit(Eq(x ** 3+y ** 3,3*2*x*y),xlabel=False,ylabel=False,
8 title='Folium of De-cartes : $x^3 + y^3 = 3 a x y, a> 0$ ') # a =
9 show()

In [ ]: 1 #LAB 2

In [ ]: 1 #Program to find angle between two polar curves r=4(1+cos(t)) and

2 #r=5(1-cos(t))
3 ​
4 from sympy import *
5 t=Symbol('t')
6 r1=4*(1+cos(t))
7 r2=5*(1-cos(t))
8 dr1=diff(r1,t)
9 dr2=diff(r2,t)
10 ​
11 r1dr1=r1/dr1
12 r2dr2=r2/dr2
13 ​
14 θ=solve(r1-r2,t)
15 ​
16 print("The point of intersection is",θ)
17 ​
18 r1dr1=r1dr1.subs({t:θ[1]})
19 r2dr2=r2dr2.subs({t:θ[1]})
20 ​
21 p1=atan(r1dr1)
22 p2=atan(r2dr2)
23 p=abs(p1-p2)
24 print("Angle between the curves is %.2f"%p,"radians or %.2f"%deg(p),"degree")

In [ ]: 1 #Find the angle between the curves r = 4 cost and r = 5 sin t.

2 from sympy import *
3 t=Symbol('t')
4 r1=4*(cos(t))
5 r2=5*(sin(t))
6 dr1=diff(r1,t)
7 dr2=diff(r2,t)
8 ​
9 t1=r1/dr1
10 t2=r2/dr2
11 θ=solve(r1-r2,t)
12 print("The point of intersection is",θ)
13 w1=t1.subs({t:float(θ[0])})
14 w2=t2.subs({t:float(θ[0])})
15 y1=atan(w1)
16 y2=atan(w2)
17 w=abs(y1-y2)
18 print(f'Angle between curves is: %0.2f'%(w),"radians or %0.2f"%deg(w),"degree")
In [ ]: 1 #program to find the radius of curvature in polar form
2 #curve is r=4(1+cos(t)) at the point t=pi/2
3 ​
4 from sympy import *
5 t=Symbol("t")
6 ​
7 r=4*(1+cos(t))
8 r1=diff(r,t)
9 r2=diff(r1,t)
10 ​
11 ρ=(r**2+r1**2)**(3/2)/(r**2+2*r1**2-r*r2)
12 print("ρ=")
13 display(ρ)
14 ​
15 rho=rho.subs({t:pi/2})
16 print("radius of curvatre at t=pi/2 is %2.2f"%rho,"units")
17 print("curvatre at t=pi/2 is %2.2f"%(1/rho),"units")

In [ ]: 1 #program to find the radius of curvature in polar form

2 # curve is r=a sin(nt) at the point t=pi/2 and n=1
3 ​
4 from sympy import *
5 a,n,t=symbols("a,n,t")
6 ​
7 r=a*sin(n*t)
8 r1=diff(r,t)
9 r2=diff(r1,t)
10 ​
11 ρ=(r**2+r1**2)**(3/2)/(r**2+2*r1**2-r*r2)
12 print("ρ=")
13 display(ρ)
14 ​
15 rho=rho.subs({t:pi/2,n:1})
16 print("radius of curvatre at t=pi/2 is")
17 ​
18 display(rho)
19 print("curvatre at t=pi/2 is ")
20 display(1/rho)

In [ ]: 1 #Find radius of curvature in parametric form for x = acos(t), y = asin(t)

2 #with a=5 at t=pi/2
3 ​
4 from sympy import *
5 t,a=symbols("t,a") # define all symbols required
6 ​
7 y=a*sin(t) # input the parametric equation
8 x=a*cos(t)
9 y1=diff(y,t)
10 y2=diff(y1,t)
11 x1=diff(x,t)
12 x2=diff(x1,t)
13 ​
14 rho=(x1**2+y1**2)**(3/2)/(y1*x2-x1*y2)
15 print('Radius of curvature is ')
16 display(ratsimp(rho))
17 ​
18 rho=rho.subs({t:pi/2,a:5})
19 ​
20 print('\n\nRadius of curvature at a and t %.2f'%simplify(rho))
21 ​
22 curvature=1/rho
23 print (f'\n\n Curvature at ({a},{t}) is ',float(curvature))
In [ ]: 1 #LAB 3

In [ ]: 1 #program to find first and second order partial derivatives of

2 #u=exp(x) (x cosy - y siny)
3 ​
4 from sympy import *
5 x, y =symbols("x,y")
6 ​
7 u=exp(x)*(x*cos(y)-y*sin(y))
8 ux=simplify(diff(u,x))
9 print("ux=")
10 display(ux)
11 ​
12 uy=simplify(diff(u,y))
13 print("uy=")
14 display(uy)
15 ​
16 uxx=simplify(diff(ux,x)) #diff(u,x,x) or diff(u,x,2)
17 print("uxx=")
18 display(uxx)
19 ​
20 uyy=simplify(diff(uy,y)) #diff(u,y,y)
21 print("uyy=")
22 display(uyy)
23 ​
24 uxy=simplify(diff(ux,y)) #diff(u,x,y)
25 print("uxy=")
26 display(uxy)
27 ​
28 uyx=simplify(diff(uy,x)) #diff(u,y,x)
29 print("uyx=")
30 display(uyx)
31 print("From above derivatives we can notice that uxy=uyx")

In [ ]: 1 #program to show that Ux+Uy+Uz=3/(x+y+z), if U=log(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz)

2 ​
3 from sympy import *
4 x, y, z =symbols("x,y,z")
5 ​
6 U=log(x**3+y**3+z**3-3*x*y*z)
7 Ux=simplify(diff(U,x))
8 print("Ux=")
9 display(Ux)
10 ​
11 Uy=simplify(diff(U,y))
12 print("Uy=")
13 display(Uy)
14 ​
15 Uz=simplify(diff(U,z))
16 print("Uz=")
17 display(Uz)
18 ​
19 print("Ux+Uy+Uz=")
20 display(simplify(Ux+Uy+Uz))
In [ ]: 1 #program to show a^2 Uxx - Ut = 0, if U=A t^(-1/2) exp(-x^2/(4 a^2 t))
2 ​
3 from sympy import *
4 A, a, t, x = symbols("A,a,t,x")
5 ​
6 U=A*t**(-1/2)*exp(-x**2/(4*a**2*t))
7 Uxx=simplify(diff(U,x,x))
8 #print("Ux=")
9 display(Eq(Derivative(U,x,2),Uxx))
10 ​
11 Ut=simplify(diff(U,t))
12 print("Ut=")
13 display(Ut)
14 ​
15 print("a^2 Uxx-Ut=")
16 display(simplify(a**2*Uxx-Ut))

In [ ]: 1 #Program to find the jacobian,

2 #if U=x y / z, V = y z / x and W = z x / y
3 ​
4 from sympy import *
5 x, y, z =symbols("x,y,z")
6 ​
7 U=x*y/z
8 V=y*z/x
9 W=z*x/y
10 ​
11 Ux=simplify(diff(U,x))
12 Uy=simplify(diff(U,y))
13 Uz=simplify(diff(U,z))
14 ​
15 Vx=simplify(diff(V,x))
16 Vy=simplify(diff(V,y))
17 Vz=simplify(diff(V,z))
18 ​
19 Wx=simplify(diff(W,x))
20 Wy=simplify(diff(W,y))
21 Wz=simplify(diff(W,z))
22 ​
23 List=[[Ux,Uy,Uz],[Vx,Vy,Vz],[Wx,Wy,Wz]]
24 M=Matrix(List)
25 J=simplify(det(M))
26 ​
27 display(Eq(Determinant(M),J))
In [ ]: 1 #Program to find the jacobian,
2 #if u=ρ cos(ϕ) sin(θ) v=ρ cos(ϕ) cos(θ) w=ρ sin(ϕ)
3 from sympy import *
4 ρ, ϕ, θ =symbols("ρ,ϕ,θ")
5 ​
6 U=ρ*cos(ϕ)*sin(θ)
7 V=ρ*cos(ϕ)*cos(θ)
8 W=ρ*sin(ϕ)
9 ​
10 Uρ=simplify(diff(U,ρ))
11 Uϕ=simplify(diff(U,ϕ))
12 Uθ=simplify(diff(U,θ))
13 ​
14 Vρ=simplify(diff(V,ρ))
15 Vϕ=simplify(diff(V,ϕ))
16 Vθ=simplify(diff(V,θ))
17 ​
18 Wρ=simplify(diff(W,ρ))
19 Wϕ=simplify(diff(W,ϕ))
20 Wθ=simplify(diff(W,θ))
21 ​
22 List=[[Uρ,Uϕ,Uθ],[Vρ,Vϕ,Vθ],[Wρ,Wϕ,Wθ]]
23 M=Matrix(List)
24 J=simplify(det(M))
25 ​
26 display(Eq(Determinant(M),J))

In [ ]: 1 #LAB 4
In [ ]: 1 # Maxima and Minima of function with 2 Variables
2 #f(x, y) = x^4 + y^4 - 2x^2 − 2y^2 + 4xy.
3 from sympy import *
4 x,y=symbols('x,y')
5 ​
6 f=(x**4)+(y**4)-(2*x**2)+(4*x*y)-(2*y**2)
7 fx = diff(f,x)
8 fy = diff(f,y)
9 ​
10 points=solve([Eq(fx,0),Eq(fy,0)],[x,y])
11 ​
12 a1=[]
13 b1=[]
14 if type(points)!=list:
15 a1.append(points[x])
16 b1.append(points[y])
17 print(points)
18 print(a1,b1)
19 else:
20 for i in range(len(points)):
21 (a,b)=points[i]
22 if im(a)==0 and im(b)==0:
23 a1.append(a)
24 b1.append(b)
25 print(a1,b1)
26
27 fxx=diff(fx,x)
28 fxy=diff(fx,y)
29 fyy=diff(fy,y)
30 ​
31 for i in range(len(a1)):
32 A=fxx.subs({x:a1[i],y:b1[i]})
33 B=fxy.subs({x:a1[i],y:b1[i]})
34 C=fyy.subs({x:a1[i],y:b1[i]})
35 print('A=',A,'B=',B,'C=',C)
36
37 delta=A*C-B**2
38 print("AC-B^2=",delta)
39
40 if delta>0 and A>0:
41 print('(%0.2f,%0.2f)'%(a1[i],b1[i]),'is the minimum point')
42 elif delta>0 and A<0:
43 print('(%0.2f,%0.2f)'%(a1[i],b1[i]),'is the maximum point')
44 elif delta<0:
45 print('(%0.2f,%0.2f)'%(a1[i],b1[i]),'is the saddle point')
46 elif delta==0:
47 print("At (%0.2f,%0.2f)"%(a1[i],b1[i]),' Further investigation is required
In [ ]: 1 # Programs to find MacLaurin series of f(x)=exp(x)
2 from sympy import *
3 x=Symbol("x")
4 y=exp(x)
5 ys=y.subs({x:0})
6 n=int(input("Number of terms you want: "))
7 for i in range(1,n):
8 ys+=x**i*diff(y,x,i).subs({x:0})/factorial(i)
9 display("Maclaurin's series is", ys)
10 ​
11 ys=lambdify(x,ys)
12 ​
13 from pylab import *
14 x=arange(0,5,0.001)
15 plot(x,exp(x),color="red")
16 plot(x,ys(x),color="green")
17 axvline()
18 axhline()
19 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Programs to find MacLaurin series of f(x)=sin(x)

2 from sympy import *
3 x=Symbol("x")
4 y=sin(x)
5 ys=y.subs({x:0})
6 n=int(input("Number of terms you want: "))
7 for i in range(1,n):
8 ys+=x**i*diff(y,x,i).subs({x:0})/factorial(i)
9 display(ys)
10 ys=lambdify(x,ys)
11 ​
12 from pylab import *
13 x=arange(-pi,pi,0.001)
14 plot(x,sin(x),color="red")
15 plot(x,ys(x),color="green")
16 axvline()
17 axhline()
18 show()

In [ ]: 1 #Program to find limit of the function sin(x) / x as x tends to 0

2 ​
3 from sympy import *
4 ​
5 x=Symbol("x")
6 ​
7 f=sin(x)/x
8 ​
9 l=limit(f,x,0)
10 display(Eq(Limit(f,x,0),l))

In [ ]: 1 #Program to find limit of the function (1+1/x)^x as x tends to inf

2 ​
3 from sympy import *
4 from math import *
5 ​
6 x=Symbol("x")
7 ​
8 f=(1+1/x)**x
9 ​
10 l=limit(f,x,oo) # l=limit(f,x,-inf) also works
11 display(Eq(Limit(f,x,oo),l))
In [ ]: 1 #LAB 5

In [ ]: 1 #Program to solve dy/dx = x

2 ​
3 from sympy import *
4 x=Symbol("x")
5 ​
6 y=Function("y")(x)
7 ​
8 DE=Derivative(y,x)-x
9 display(Eq(DE,0))
10 ​
11 GS=dsolve(DE,y)
12 display(GS)

In [ ]: 1 #Program to solve dy/dx +y tan(x) - y^3 sec(x)=0

2 ​
3 from sympy import *
4 x=Symbol("x")
5 ​
6 y=Function("y")(x)
7 ​
8 DE=Derivative(y,x)+y*tan(x)-y**3*sec(x)
9 display(Eq(DE,0))
10 ​
11 GS=dsolve(DE,y)
12 for i in range(len(GS)):
13 display(GS[i])

In [ ]: 1 #Program to solve x^3 dy/dx - x^2 y + y^4 cos(x)=0

2 ​
3 from sympy import *
4 x=Symbol("x")
5 ​
6 y=Function("y")(x)
7 ​
8 DE=x**3*Derivative(y,x)-x**2*y+y**4*cos(x)
9 display(Eq(DE,0))
10 ​
11 GS=dsolve(DE,y)
12 for i in range(len(GS)):
13 display(GS[i])
In [ ]: 1 #Program to solve dP/dt = r P(0)=2 and take r = 3
2 ​
3 from sympy import *
4 r,t=symbols("r,t")
5 ​
6 P=Function("P")(t)
7 ​
8 C1=Symbol("C1")
9 ​
10 DE=Derivative(P,t)-3
11 display(Eq(DE,0))
12 ​
13 GS=dsolve(DE,P)
14 print("General solution is: ")
15 display(GS)
16 ​
17 e1=solve(GS.subs({P:2,t:0}),C1)
18 ​
19 PS=GS.subs({C1:e1[0]})
20 print("Particular solution is: ")
21 display(PS)
22 ​
23 P1=PS.rhs
24 P1=lambdify(t,P1)
25 ​
26 from pylab import *
27 t=arange(0,10,0.01)
28 plot(t,P1(t))
29 axvline()
30 axhline()
31 grid()
32 show()
In [ ]: 1 #Newton' Law of cooling
2 #Program to solve dθ/dt = -k*(θ-θm) with θ(0)=100 and θ(10)=80
3 #take θm = 25 (normally temperature of the surrounding)
4 ​
5 from sympy import *
6 t=Symbol("t")
7 k=Symbol("k",real=True)
8 θ=Function("θ")(t)
9 ​
10 C1=Symbol("C1")
11 ​
12 DE=Derivative(θ,t)+k*(θ-25)
13 display(Eq(DE,0))
14 ​
15 GS=dsolve(DE,θ)
16 print("General solution is: ")
17 display(GS)
18 ​
19 e1=solve(GS.subs({θ:100,t:0}),C1)
20 ​
21 PS=GS.subs({C1:e1[0]})
22 print("Particular solution is: ")
23 display(PS)
24 ​
25 e2=solve(PS.subs({θ:80,t:10}),k)
26 ​
27 PS=PS.subs({k:e2[0]})
28 print("Particular solution is: ")
29 display(PS)
30 ​
31 P1=PS.rhs
32 P1=lambdify(t,P1)
33 ​
34 from pylab import *
35 t=arange(0,100,0.01)
36 plot(t,P1(t))
37 axvline()
38 axhline()
39 grid()
40 show()
In [ ]: 1 #Growth of Virus affected files in a system or Bacteira in a culture test
2 ​
3 #Consider the following problem
4 ​
5 # If number of virus affected files in a system is proportional to the number
6 #of virus affected files P(t) at time t. Determine the number of virus affected
7 #files at time t, if the number virus affected files in the system is P0
8 #to begin with and after t=1 hour the number virus affected files found
9 #to be (3/2)P0. Assume P0=20
10 # OR
11 # If the rate of growth of bacteria is proportional to the number of bacteria P(t)
12 #present at time t.Determine the number of bacteria at time t, if culture
13 #initially has P0 number of bacteria and afetr t=1 hour
14 #the number of bacteria measured to be (3/2)P0. Assume P0=20
15 ​
16 #Following is the Mathematical model for the above situation
17 ​
18 # Program to Solve : dP(t)/dt = k P given P(0)=P0 and P(1)=(3/2)P0; take P0=20
19 ​
20 from sympy import *
21 ​
22 t,k=symbols("t,k") #define symbols in equation
23 ​
24 P=Function("P")(t) # Say P is function of t
25 ​
26 C1=Symbol("C1") # define symbol C1, arbitrary constant of solution
27 ​
28 DE=Derivative(P,t)-k*P #take everything to LHS define LHS of differential equatio
29 print("Differential Equation is: ")
30 display(Eq(DE,0))
31 ​
32 GS=dsolve(Eq(DE,0),P) #dsolve is used to solve and Eq(LHS) is same as Eq(LHS,0)
33 print("General Solution is: ")
34 display(GS)
35 ​
36 e=solve(GS.subs({P:(3/2)*C1,t:1}),k) # find C1 at t=0 and P=2
37 ​
38 PS=GS.subs({k:e[0]}) #using C1 value write the particular solution
39 print("Particular Solution is: ")
40 display(PS)
41 ​
42 eq=PS.rhs.subs(C1,20)
43 y1=lambdify(t,eq)
44 ​
45 from pylab import *
46 t=linspace(0,10,100)
47 plot(t,y1(t))
48 axvline()
49 axhline()
50 grid()
51 show()

In [ ]: 1 #LAB 6
In [ ]: 1 # Program to Check whether the following system of homogenous linear equation
2 # has non-trivial solution.
3 # x1 + 2x2 − x3 = 0, 2x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 0, 3x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 0.
4 from sympy import *
5 ​
6 A=Matrix([[1,2,-1],[2,1,4],[3,3,4]])
7 ​
8 ρA=A.rank()
9 n=shape(A)
10 print("The coefficient Matrix A is: ")
11 display(A)
12 print(f"Rank of the matrix is {ρA}")
13 ​
14 if ρA==n[1]:
15 print("System has trivial solution")
16 else:
17 print("System has non trivial solution")

In [ ]: 1 # Program to solve non homogeneous linear system if it is consistent

2 # x1 + 2 x2 − x3 = 1, 2 x1 + x2 + 4 x3 = 2, 3 x1 + 3 x2 + 4 x3 = 1.
3 ​
4 from sympy import *
5 ​
6 x,y,z=symbols("x,y,z")
7 ​
8 A=Matrix([[1,2,-1],[2,1,4],[3,3,4]])
9 B=Matrix([[1],[2],[1]])
10 n=shape(A)
11 AB=A.col_insert(n[1],B)
12 ​
13 ρA=A.rank()
14 ρAB=AB.rank()
15 ​
16 print("The coefficient Matrix A is: ")
17 display(A)
18 print("The augmented Matrix AB is: ")
19 display(AB)
20 print(f"ρ(A)={ρA} and ρ(AB)={ρAB}")
21 ​
22 if ρA==ρAB:
23 if ρA==n[1]:
24 print("System has unique solution")
25 else:
26 print("The system has infinitely many solutions")
27 print(solve_linear_system(AB,x,y,z))
28 else:
29 print("The system of equations is inconsistent")

In [ ]: 1 #LAB 7
In [ ]: 1 #Solve the system of equations using Gauss-Seidel method:
2 #20 x + y − 2 z = 17; 3 x + 20 y − z = −18; 2 x − 3 y + 20 z = 25.
3 ​
4 f1=lambda x,y,z: (17-y+2*z)/20
5 f2=lambda x,y,z: (-18-3*x+z)/20
6 f3=lambda x,y,z: (25-2*x+3*y)/20
7 ​
8 x0,y0,z0=0,0,0
9 ​
10 count=1
11 e=0.0001 #the tolerable error
12 ​
13 print("\nCount\t x\t\t y\t\t z\n")
14 ​
15 condition=True
16 while condition:
17 x1=f1(x0,y0,z0)
18 y1=f2(x1,y0,z0)
19 z1=f3(x1,y1,z0)
20 print("%d\t%.5f \t%.5f\t%.5f\n"%(count,x1,y1,z1))
21 count=count+1
22 e1=abs(x0-x1)
23 e2=abs(y0-y1)
24 e3=abs(z0-z1)
25 x0,y0,z0=x1,y1,z1
26 condition = e1>=e and e2>=e and e3>=e
27 print("\n Solution: x=%0.5f, y=%0.5f and z=%0.5f"%(x1,y1,z1))

In [ ]: 1 #LAB 8

In [ ]: 1 #Obtain the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the given matrix.

2 #A = [[4,3,2],[1,4,1],[3,10,4]]
3 ​
4 from numpy import *
5 A=[[4,3,2],[1,4,1],[3,10,4]]
6 mat=Matrix(A)
7 ​
8 print("The given matrix A is")
9 display(mat)
10 ​
11 eig_val,eig_vec=linalg.eig(array(A))
12 print("Eigen values: \n",eig_val)
13 print("Eigen values: \n",eig_vec)
In [ ]: 1 #Compute the numerically largest eigenvalue of following P by power method
2 # A = [[25,1,2],[1,3,0],[2,0,-4]] take transpose of [1 0 0] as initial
3 #approximation to the eigen vector
4 ​
5 from numpy import *
6 ​
7 A=array([[25,1,2],[1,3,0],[2,0,-4]])
8 x=array([1,0,0])
9 λ_i=0
10 ​
11 while(True):
12 Y=dot(A,x)
13 λ=abs(Y).max()
14 x=Y/λ
15 if abs(λ-λ_i)<0.001:
16 break
17 else:
18 λ_i=λ
19 print("\nThe largest Eigenvalue is: %.4f"%λ_i)
20 print("\nCorresponding EigenVector is: ",x)
21 print("\nThe solution is:\n")
22 print("The largest Eigenvalue is: %.4f"%λ)
23 print("Corresponding EigenVector is: ",x)

In [ ]: 1 #LAB 9

In [ ]: 1 #Program to find GCD of two integers using Euclid's Algorithm

2 ​
3 def gcd(a,b):
4 rem=1
5 if a<b:
6 temp=a
7 a=b
8 b=temp
9 print("Given integers are:",a,b)
10 print("Divisor\tremainder")
11 while rem>0:
12 rem=a%b #remainder when a divides b
13 print(b,"\t",rem)
14 a=b
15 b=rem
16 return a
17 ​
18 a=int(input("Enter first positive integer: "))
19 b=int(input("Enter second positive integer: "))
20 print(f"GCD{a,b}=",gcd(a,b))
In [ ]: 1 #Program to determine whether given two integers are relatively prime
2 # If GCD(a,b)=1, then integers a and b are called relatively prime numbers
3 def gcd(a,b):
4 rem=1
5 if a<b:
6 temp=a
7 a=b
8 b=temp
9 print("Given integers are:",a,b)
10 print("Divisor\tremainder")
11 while rem>0:
12 rem=a%b #remainder when a divides b
13 print(b,"\t",rem)
14 a=b
15 b=rem
16 return a
17 ​
18 a=int(input("Enter first positive integer: "))
19 b=int(input("Enter second positive integer: "))
20 GCD=gcd(a,b)
21 print(f"GCD{a,b}=",GCD)
22 if GCD==1:
23 print(f"{a} and {b} are relatively prime")
24 else:
25 print(f"{a} and {b} are not relatively prime")

In [ ]: 1 #Program to determine whether a divides b or b divides a

2 ​
3 def gcd(a,b):
4 rem=1
5 if a<b:
6 temp=a
7 a=b
8 b=temp
9 print("Given integers are:",a,b)
10 print("Divisor\tremainder")
11 while rem>0:
12 rem=a%b #remainder when a divides b
13 print(b,"\t",rem)
14 a=b
15 b=rem
16 return a
17 ​
18 a=int(input("Enter first positive integer: "))
19 b=int(input("Enter second positive integer: "))
20 GCD=gcd(a,b)
21 print(f"GCD{a,b}=",GCD)
22 ​
23 if a>b and GCD==b:
24 print(f"{b} divides {a}")
25 elif b>a and GCD==a:
26 print(f"{a} divides {b}")
27 elif a==b:
28 print(f"{a} and {b} divides each other")
29 else:
30 print(f"{a} doesnot divides {b} and {b} doesnot divides {a}")
In [ ]: 1 #Calculate GCD(a,b) and express it as linear combination of a and b
2 #using Euclid's algorithm
3 #
4 a=int(input("Enter first integer"))
5 b=int(input("Enter second integer"))
6 if a<b: # interchange if b is bigger
7 temp=a
8 a=b
9 b=temp
10 r1=a
11 r2=b
12 r3=r1%r2
13 q=(r1-r3)/r2
14 x1=1
15 x2=0
16 x3=x1-x2*q
17 y1=0
18 y2=1
19 y3=y1-y2*q
20 ​
21 while r3!=0:
22 r1=r2
23 r2=r3
24 r3=r1%r2
25 q=(r1-r3)/r2
26 x1=x2
27 x2=x3
28 x3=x1-x2*q
29 y1=y2
30 y2=y3
31 y3=y1-y2*q
32 ​
33 print(f"GCD{a,b} =",r2)
34 print("%d x %d + %d x %d = %d"%(a,x2,b,y2,r2))

In [ ]: 1 #LAB 10
In [ ]: 1 #Program to solve the linear congruence 4 x congruent 2 (mod 6);
2 #use module gcd() of sympy
3 ​
4 from sympy import *
5 a=4
6 b=2
7 n=6
8 g=gcd(a,n)
9 print(f"GCD{a,n} =",g)
10 if b%g != 0:
11 print("The congruence has no integer solution")
12 else:
13 if g==1:
14 print("The congruence has unique solution")
15 for i in range(1,n-1):
16 x=(n*i+b)/a
17 if x//1==x:
18 x0=x//1
19 print("Solution of the given congruence is:",x0)
20 break
21 else:
22 print(f"The congruence has {g} solutions")
23 for i in range(1,n-1):
24 x=(n*i+b)/a
25 if x//1==x:
26 x0=x//1
27 break
28 z=[]
29 for i in range(g):
30 x=(x0+i*(n//g))%n
31 z.append(int(x))
32 print("Solutions of the given congruence are:",z)

In [ ]: 1 #program to find multiplicative inverse of 4(mod 32)

2 from sympy import *
3 a=4
4 b=1
5 n=32
6 g=gcd(a,n)
7 print(f"GCD{a,n} =",g)
8 if g != 1:
9 print(f"Multiplicative inverse of {a} (mod {n}) doesnot exist")
10 else:
11 for i in range(1,n-1):
12 x=(n/a)*i+(b/a)
13 if x//1==x:
14 x0=x//1
15 print(f"Multiplicative inverse of {a} (mod {n}) is: ",x0)
16 break

In [ ]: 1 ​