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Module I

This document provides an introduction to mass transfer and separation processes. It defines mass transfer as the transport of a species from one point to another in a single phase or between phases due to a concentration or pressure difference. It then describes several unit operations that use principles of mass transfer to separate mixtures, including filtration, centrifugation, absorption, stripping, distillation, drying, and evaporation. The document classifies various mass transfer operations and provides examples to illustrate diffusional and convective mass transfer.

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11 views

Module I

This document provides an introduction to mass transfer and separation processes. It defines mass transfer as the transport of a species from one point to another in a single phase or between phases due to a concentration or pressure difference. It then describes several unit operations that use principles of mass transfer to separate mixtures, including filtration, centrifugation, absorption, stripping, distillation, drying, and evaporation. The document classifies various mass transfer operations and provides examples to illustrate diffusional and convective mass transfer.

Uploaded by

advait25danade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module I: Introduction to Mass Transfer

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Dr. Ranajit Mondal


❖ Separation of mixtures constitutes a major class of operations in the chemical process and allied industries.

❖ A substantial number of the unit operations of chemical engineering are concerned with the problem of changing the compositions
of solutions and mixtures through methods not necessarily involving chemical reactions!!!

❖ Usually, these operations are directed toward separating a substance into its component parts.

Separation (Such operations involve


Based on
Process principle of changes in the composition
Mechanical
(Unit Mass Transfer of solutions)
Operations)

❖ Filtration ❖ Mass Transfer: Transport of a species from


❖ Centrifugation/Settling one point to another in a single phase or from
❖ Elutriation one phase to another, generally in the
❖ Cyclone Separator/ Bag Filter presence of a difference in concentration or
❖ Screening partial pressure.
❖ Separation of Two Immiscible Liquids by Phase
Separation

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Dr. Ranajit Mondal


Examples!!
❖ The fragrance of incense sticks after lightning diffuse from one room to another room.

❖ Aquatic life uses O2 dissolve in H2O for survival

❖ Absorption of O2 of air into blood in the process of respiration

❖ Removal of moisture from food grain via drying

❖ A solid dissolve in liquid till it become saturated (e.g., sugar/salt in water)

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Dr. Ranajit Mondal


Diffusional
Mass Convective
Transfer

❖ A purely diffusional mass transfer ❖ When mass transfer occurs in a fluid


phenomena occurs in the absence of medium which is in some sort of
any macroscopic motion in the medium motion, the mass transfer increases
greatly

• The migration of moisture within the • Stronger the flow field, mixing, and
grain turbulent in a medium, the higher is
• Transport of reactant through the pores the mass transfer
of the catalyst

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Dr. Ranajit Mondal


Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Dr. Ranajit Mondal
Classification of Mass Transfer Operations!!

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Dr. Ranajit Mondal


Absorption and Stripping:
❖ The absorption refers to the transfer of material from a gas phase to a liquid phase. Whereas the
stripping refers to the separation of gas solute from the liquid phase

Distillation:
❖ A liquid mixture of miscible and volatile substance is separated out into individual components or
into group of components by partial vaporization

❖ Relies on the difference in the relative volatility.

Humidification and Dehumidification:


❖ In humidification, the enrichment of vapour content in a gas stream takes place by passing the gas
over a liquid.

❖ Humidification involves the transfer of water vapour from the gas phase to the liquid phase

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Dr. Ranajit Mondal


Extraction:
❖ Separation of the constituents of a liquid solution by contact with another insoluble liquid

❖ This method is usually used to separate liquid mixtures having low volatility and are thermally
unstable

Leaching:
❖ Separating solid from liquid using another liquid

Adsorption and Desorption:


❖ The ability of transfer of mass from either a gas or a liquid to the surface of a solid. The adsorption
is not a true interphase mass transfer operation because the fluid adheres to the solid surface
instead of dissolving in the solid.

❖ Desorption involves the mass transfer from the solid surface (adsorbents) to the gas or liquid
medium (adsorbates).

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Dr. Ranajit Mondal


Drying and Evaporation:
❖ Drying refers to the removal of relatively small amount of water or other liquid from a solid
material

❖ Evaporation refers to the removal of large amount of water from solution


Crystallization:
❖ Process of formation o solid from a liquid solution based on difference in solute concentration and its solubility
at a certain temperature

❖ In this process the transfer of a solute occurs from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase

❖ When solute concentration becomes higher than its solubility at certain a temperature, the solute comes out of
the solution and forms a crystal
Membrane separation:
❖ Process predominantly involves the diffusion of a solute from a liquid or gas through a semi-permeable or
microporous membrane to another fluid

❖ Separation of components of the original solution takes place by selectively controlling their passage from
one side of a membrane to the other

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Dr. Ranajit Mondal

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