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LESSON 1: HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES The Spanish introduced to

16th
FOOD Filipinos, cutlery. Spanish also
Century
brought relleno, paella and stew
Filipino cuisine is constantly growing and changing Many restaurants were
from their first encounter with the Chinese people. established in the Philippines
- Soy sauce serving Chinese food with
19th
- Siu mai Spanish names, a result of both
century
- Rice the Chinese and Spanish
- Lumpia governorships throughout
history.
To their interaction with the Spanish The U.S. Army introduced the
- Tomatoes concept of a boodle fight to the
- Cutlery Philippines, which is a militaristic
- Cattle-raising style of eating where all the food
is spread out on a table covered
To their interaction with the Americans with banana leaves and eaters
- Kitchen appliances stand shoulder-to-shoulder to
- Canned meats stuff their faces as fast as they
1940s-
could. Older generations
1950s
HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES & ITS FOOD: A associate the boodle fight with
TIMELINE the violence that came with
American militarization.
Time Event However, current generations
Cagayan Valley-Earliest see the boodle fight as a
evidence of rice. Rice was celebration of Filipino culture,
3400b.c. brought to the Philippines during introducing expat Filipinos and
an Indo-Malaysia, Chinese, and others to Filipino food.
Vietnamese wave of migration. The turo-turo and carinderia,
Chinese-first to trade with the both styles of Filipino
Philippine. China introduced the restaurants, became popular
Philippines to soy sauce, fish both in and out of the Philippines,
2nd century sauce, and the method of stir that served "cheap, filling dishes"
20th
AD frying. This led to the birth of that were popular among locals.
century
many Filipino-Chinese dishes Outside of the Philippines,
such as pansit, lumpia, siopao, served as a community center
and siu mai. and a reminder of home from
The Philippines began trading aspects of food, popular culture,
with India, Thailand, and Japan. and community events.
This led to the creation of many
1100 AD - Paella
new Filipino dishes with spices
and flavors from around the - Relleno
world. - Stew

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What really is Philippine food then?

- Indigenous food from land and sea, field,
and forest.
- Furthermore, dishes and culinary
procedures from China, Spain, Mexico,
and the United States, and more recently
from further abroad.

What makes them Philippine?

The history and society that introduced and
adapted them; the people who turned them to
their tastes and accepted them into their homes
and restaurants, and especially the harmonizing
culture that combined them into contemporary
Filipino fare.
Back then, our ancestors relied on the
blessings of our resource-rich country. Recent
studies based solely on archaeology show that the
kinilaw – a raw seafood native dish doused in
vinegar Since then, Filipinos have learned to
innovate according to need, availability, and
preference. This is reflected by the food we allow
on our tables today. For example, there is no one
interpretation of adobo, sisig, sinigang or any
dish each region cooks up.

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LESSON 2: FILIPINO CUISINE AND ITS ORIGIN • Bangus (Pangasinan)

- Pangasinan is known as the country’ s top
Objectives: producer of milkfish cultured in marine
- Recall the history of every dish per region. fish cage and marine fish pen. Dagupan is
- Value the different dish of the Philippines among the top producer of milkfish in the
- Promote Filipino culture through dish province.
- The Bangus Festival is the brainchild of the
• Empanada (Ilocos)
former Dagupan mayor Benjamin Lim,
- Ilocos empanada was inspired by Spanish
seeking to promote the city as the Bangus
empanada.
(milkfish) Capital of the World. 2003 saw
- Since rice, longganisa, papaya, mungo
the festival featured in the Guiness Book
beans, and eggs are abundant in Ilocos,
of World Records when it secured the
these ingredients are used for the local
record for Longest Barbeque in the World.
empanada.
- Empanadas are deep-fried rather than • Tupig (Pangasinan)
baked. - Tupig or Intemtem is a popular native
delicacy from Pangasinan which is made
• Bagnet (Ilocos)
out of ground glutinous over charcoal.
- Bagnet-Bagnetin= preserve the pork
- During the old days, this rice caked was
- Bagnet is twice fried and in a hotter
served only during Christmas and New
temperature, so it gets the characteristics
Year.
blistery, crackling rind.
- Then, in 1960s it started to become
- Bagnet is also called “ sitsaron” and
commercially popular.
“chicaron” .
- Bagnet is very popular in Ilocos Sur, • Sisig (Pampanga)
particulary in the town of Narvacan, - 1732- First recorded of sisig, in a
where the Bagnet Festival is celebrated Kapampangan dictionary compiled by an
every year in the month of December. Augustinian friar, Diego Bergaño.
- Narvacan- one of home of the best - In his dictionary, Bergaño defines sisig as
tasting treats in the Philippines, the a“ salad including green papaya, or green
Bagnet. guava eaten with a dressing of salt,
pepper, garlic and vinegar.”
• Pinikpikan (Sagada)
- For the past years the sisig evolved by
- Pinikpikan comes from the Ilocano word
making the salad a main dish. Our
“pikpik”which means to hit repeatedly
ancestors begins adding meat like ears
- They say that the beating is an integral
and cheek of a pig, liver and brain of pig.
part of what makes pinikpikan. The
beating allows the blood to clot, and less • Buko Pie (Laguna)
blood is spilled when the chicken is - The idea of the buko pie is said to have
chopped. originated from the province of Laguna.
- It even earned the English name ” Killing - The creators of this Filipino pastry were
Me Softly Chicken” the Pahud sisters who were locals of the
city of Los Baños, Laguna.

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- The discovery of Buko pie begins when Bicol Express, named after the train that passes
Soledad Pahud was working abroad, she their house which travels from Manila to Bicol and
learned to make apple pies. Pahud tried vice versa.
to recreate the American dessert with the
• Lechong Baboy (Cebu)
help of her sisters. As apples were not
- Lechon is the Spanish word for suckling
native to the Philippines, Pahud along
pig and in the Philippines, it connotes a
with her family improvised and replaced
whole roasted pig or “ litsong baboy, in the
the ingredient with “ buko” or young
local language.”
coconuts. Using “ buko”as the ingredient
- The process of cooking the lechon involves
for the pie filling was recommended by
the whole pig or piglet that has been
one of the sisters named Apolonia
impaled in a bamboo branch and slowly
because of the resource’ s abundance
roasted over charcoal.
locally.
- The roasted pig is often cooked during
- Late twenties, developed the Original
national festivities or fietas, the holiday
Buko Pie.
season, birthdays, weddings, baptisms,
• Bicol Express family reunions, and other special
- Bicol express known natively in Bicol as occasions.
sinilihan or “spiced with chili”
. It is a stew - Cebu dubbed as the “ Lechon Capital of
made from long chillies, coconut milk, the Philippines” .
shrimp paste, onion, pork and garlic.
• Curacha (Zamboanga)
- People assume Bicol Express is originally
- also known as “ spanner crab”or “ red
from Bicol
frog crab”
, these were commonly found in
- History narrates that this dish came from
the waters of Sulu province, Zamboanga
or originated in Malate, Manila. It was
and Bataan.
invented by a restaurant owner named
- the word “ curacha” is Chavacano for
Cecilia “ Tita Cely”Villanueva Kalaw who
“cockroach,”
was a native from Laguna.
- It is also known as kagang pamah in
Bicol Express History Tausug and ipis dagat (“sea cockroach”)
In the 1960s Tita Cely and her brother,
• Sinuglaw (Northern Mindanao)
Demetrio “ Kuya Etring” Kalaw, opened a
- Sinuglaw is a combination of two cooking
restaurant in Oregon St., Malate Manila which
methods which are commonly done in
they named it as “ The Grove Luton I Inay.”In
Visayas and Mindanao:
several interviews, she told that some of their
- “ Sinugba”(grilled, referring to the grilled
customers complain about their “ laing” (in Manila,
pork in the dish cut into chunks)
termed as laing because it has meat, while in
- “ kinilaw”or raw, referring to the raw fish
Bicolano style it is vegetarian-pinangat) entrée
or seafood soaked in coconut vinegar
dish as being too spicy. It was at that time that she
- Kinilaw is actually the main ingredient of
decided to create a new dish with coconut milk
sinuglaw, the grilled pieces of pork are
which she believe suitable to the taste of the
just being added. Sinuglaw is mostly
people in the area where her restaurant is located.
served in Cagayan de Oro, Northern
She created a magical dish and they named it
Mindanao.

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LESSON 3: EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE Visayan

FASHION - In contrast, the Visayans wore clothes
similar to that of Indonesians and
The Filipino style of clothing had been dictated by Malaysians.
the tropical climate in the Philippines, with a dry
and rainy season. Marlota - Spanish term for native clothing or
jacket (Baquero).
Before the coming of the Spaniards
- Men-Loincloth and usually topless Putong - headwrap/scarf worn mainly by man-
women that have their own style, it is important
ARCHAIC EPOCH (10TH – 16TH CENTURY) during pre-colonial times as the color of the cloth
symbolized his rank and achievements.
Luzon
- Prior to the Spanish Era, the Tagalog of Calombigas - gold necklaces, golden armlets.
Luzon already wore a garment that was a
forerunner of the Barong Tagalog – the They wore a robe called Marlota or
Baro jacket called Baquero without a collar that
reached the feet.
Evolution of the Barong Tagalog (Luzon) The Tagalogs and the Visayans bound
their foreheads and temples with long, narrow
- In the 1700s, the Spanish brought in their strips of cloth called Putong.
dressy shirt with standing collar. Necks and wrist were covered by
Calombigas – these had intricate patterns. Others
Doublets - close fitting jacket worn in Europe would wear precious stones
during Renaissance
The Islamic kingdoms in Mindanao
The Filipinos wore a sleeve-doublet of especially the Maranao people have a fashion
rough cotton cloth called kanga. The doublets article for the female called malong, which is a
indicated the social status and badge of courage tubeskirt or a light blanket wrapped around the
of a man; red was for the Chiefs and the bravest, body.
while black and white were for the ordinary
citizens. SPANISH ERA: NEW SPAIN (1521–1799)
Women wore saya made from silk in
matching colors. This style was exclusively worn 16th-18th century, women wore a
by the women from the upper caste, while those Hispanicized version of the Baro't saya,
of lower castes wore baro made from pounded composed of a bodice – called a camisa, often
white bark fiber, and a floor-length wrap-around made in pineapple fiber or muslin – and a floor
skirt. Women usually wore jewelry, such as gold length skirt, while the men wore the Barong
necklaces and earrings, which symbolized Tagalog, a collared and buttoned lace shirt, or a
wealth and beauty. In some tribes, women also suit.
wore tattoos signifying beauty, power, and by 1850s, women's clothing was now full
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The attire is composed of four pieces, Mestiza" as everyday wear and started to wear
namely the camisa, the saya, the pañuelo (a scarf, floral printed dresses with mid-length shirts.
also spelled panuelo) and the tapis.
The camisa is a collarless chemise whose The men's fashion remained unchanged
hem is at the waist, and is made from flimsy, but became a more casual as started
translucent fabrics such as pineapple fiber and abandoning the coat as a casual wear and wore
jusi. The sleeves of the camisa are like the so- it only for formal wear.
called "angel wings” .
World War II
Chemise - loose straight hanging dress - When 1940s came, the Philippines saw
the breaking out of World War II
The pañuelo is a stiff covering for the resulting in the shortage of tailoring
neck. The purpose of the pañuelo is related to shops, clothing boutiques and
modesty, used to cover the low-necked camisa'. dressmaking factories as the country
The tapis is a knee-length over-skirt that was occupied by the Japanese Empire.
hugs the hips. The austerity era started when rations
The saya is a skirt shaped like a bubble were implemented, and the women wore
with a length that begins from the waist reaching simpler clothing.
the floor. 1950s
- By the late 1950s, women started to wear
The men also continued to wear but a dresses and with floral prints and fuller
more intricate version Barong Tagalog, a knee-length skirts. The style was inspired
collarless shirt originated from the ethnic cloth by Christian Dior's "New Look" collection.
called canga. - Men's fashion changed slightly as the
men started wearing youthful clothing
Underneath the transparent Barong such as sweaters, colorful printed polos,
Tagalog is the Camisa de Chino a type of shirt, pants.
usually in white that said to have been originated 1960s
from the Chinese. - Rise of British pop culture.
- A new kind of dress invented by Mary
AMERICAN ERA (1900S–1920S)
Quant, called the miniskirt, mini dresses
Traje de Mestiza, the more modern started to become popular.
version of the Maria Clara. - Men's fashion shifted towards a more
youthful vibe, influenced by the rising
Men wore the Americana, the suit and Teenage culture seen in Hollywood and
coat worn in the West, mostly Americans by various Teen-oriented Filipino films
replacing the traditional Barong Tagalog. where they started wearing polos and
pants, replacing the suit and coats.
COMMONWEALTH ERA AND SECOND
1970s
WORLD WAR (1930S–1940S)
- Bell bottom pants started to become
By the 1930s, young adult women and popular that would continue to the rest of
children finally abandoned the typical "Traje de the decade.

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- Men also started to grow their hair long,

the first time ever that such style became
acceptable in Filipino society.
- Men also wore Bell bottoms often in
bright colors, like the women. When the
disco culture emerged, the bell bottoms
became a staple.
Disco culture during 1970 where bell bottom
became staple
1980s
- women, usually young adults, also
started to wear clothes with shoulder
pads while teenagers started wearing
neon colored clothes
- Women hair curled
- Men's fashion had a shift as they started
to wear brightly colored t-shirts or polo
shirts and denim jeans for a casual look
- Converse All-Stars shoes were also
popular among the teenagers.
1990s
- This decade saw the beginning of the
influence of rock music to mainstream
fashion
- Women also wore loose, simple and
casual clothing such as oversized shirts,
denim shorts, denim jeans, simple
blouses and sneakers moving away
from the colored clothes they wear
during 1980’ s.
- a hairstyle for male called cachupoy.
2000s
- popularity of spaghetti strap clothes
among women
- Men started wearing checkered polos.
2010s
- Due to the development of social media,
many Filipino women and men were
exposed to different styles.

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LESSON 4: FILIPINO TRAITS & VALUES 8. Hospitable

- Be friendly and generous when receiving
What are values? guests. Entertaining people you have just
- General standards and a higher order of met will show how warm – hearted we
norms Filipinos are.
- Basis of good living 9. Resourceful and Creative
- Cultural products - Try to make do with what you have.
- Not all values are universal Develop your skills in inventing new things
that can make your life easier at home or
POSITIVE FILIPINO VALUES & TRAITS at work.
10. Respect Women
1. Respect elders at all times - Show respect to all women whether at
- Take good care of your parents and home, or in other places. They deserve as
grandparents as they grow older and try much respect as our elders.
to be with them always.
2. Maintain Close Family Ties NEGATIVE FILIPINO VALUES & TRAITS
- Try to be with your family as much as you
can. Give them love and support you can 1. Ningas – kugon
offer. - “ Leaving your work either half-baked or
3. Trusting God at all times unfinished”
- Pray regularly and thank Him for all the 2. Crab Mentality
blessings that He has bestowed upon you - “ If I can’
t have it, neither can you”
4. Bayanihan 3. Procrastination or “ Mañana habit”
- Help and support your neighbors and - Delaying or postponing a task or set of
community by making it a better place to tasks
live in. 4. “Bahala na”or “ come what may”habit
5. Patient and Optimistic - Que sera sera (what will be will be).
- Remain calm whenever you have 5. Filipino Time
problems. Don’ t lose hope and look at the - Always being late to an agreed meeting
brighter side of things during difficult time.
times. 6. Hypocrisy (being a double – faced person)
6. Utang na Loob - The fear of being an outcast has forced a
- If someone has helped you in your hour of lot of people to live a double standard life.
need, help him back in any way you can. 7. Attention grabbing (being an ‘ Epal’
)
When a loved one is in need of help, be - Saying or doing something with the goal
there at all times and don’ t expect of getting the attention of a person or a
anything in return. group of people.
7. Pakikisama 8. Being onion-skinned or too sensitive
- Maintain peace by having harmonious - Results to being oversensitive.
relationships with your friends, family and 9. Living beyond their mean (social climbing)
colleagues. Try to understand their bad - One of the reasons why a lot of Filipinos
traits and appreciate their good qualities. live in poverty is because of overspending.

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Since most people want to live an elite

lifestyle, many resort to social climbing or
living beyond their means.
10. Passivity (lack of leadership)
- Filipino’ s lack of initiative for change is
also one reason why our country does not
progress. We keep on complaining
against the government and other
societal issue. However, we do not do
anything about them.

COMMON TRAITS OF FILIPINO PEOPLE

✓ Filipinos are happy-go-lucky people who are

always pessimistic about the today but
always optimistic that tomorrow will be
better.
✓ Filipino believed that religion bound us
together and build a strong community.
✓ Filipino community we are very adult-
oriented that we need to pay respect in every
elderly that we see in our barangays.

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LESSON 5: FAVORITE PAST TIME - People around the world are so much
addicted with its social networking such as
What is Past Time?
facebook, blogger, and twitter and even the
- A pastime is explained as something that
games of the computer are also addictive.
you have free time to yourself, it also means
It is now their newest pastime.
diversion or hobbies that you want to do
- There are many cases in our country that
with your free time. Something that makes
happens regarding on this social
you enjoy doing. It also your spare time of
networking. Like the facebook for example,
an interesting thing that you love to do. Or
which brings negative side effects that are
it can also be leisure or your time to relax.
largely harmless wherein some people
Pastime also means an activity that you
especially the women are being abuse by
most love to do and enjoy to do in your free
other people and sometimes they are being
time
disrespectful through chat.
GOSSIPING
SLEEPING
- We all know that gossiping is our national
- Sleeping is frequently pastime of most
pastime. People always wanted to
Filipino people, we love to sleep especially
comment on many things they know
when the weather is cold and rainy. it feels
nothing about. They tend to share and
relax when you sleep because you are able
spread information weather it is true or
to forget many problems even for a while
fiction and they would always get
that you have, aside from that you are able
information from other gossipers who know
to have peace of mind.
nothing.
- Sleeping is one way to help you get relieve
- Most Filipinos are more interested in gossip
from stress. However it is the best time to
rather than knowing the truth.
relax your body and your mind.
- Gossiping is the best pastime for us, it is
- All babies pastime is to sleep because they
always favorite pastime in the
are babies. We’ ve always wanted to get
neighborhood to get latest news that will
them sleep because it helps them easy to
awaken their curiosity and imagination,
grow past.
and it is one effective way to ward off
- It’s nice to tune-in before you sleep because
boredom and hunger. It is the best weapon
it’s easy for you to get sleep. Music can help
to combat envy and hatred.
you feel better and relax.
SOCIAL NETWORKING
SMOKING
- With the modern technologies that evolve in
Government warning “ SMOKING IS DANGEROUS
our new generation, there are many things
TO YOUR HEALTH” , but how come that this many
that change. Yes! Internet is an incredible
people are still lighting up with this kind of pastime.
source of information, it helps a lot for
everyone because it will now easy for us to
- If we will look around, people could buy
connect to our family and friends inside and
cigarettes anywhere and can smoke pretty
outside the country. But aside from its
much anytime even in the hospitals. Aside
positive impact that brought for us it also
brings negative impact for many people.

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from that we can always look the ads of - Through music we can express more our
cigarettes all over the place. feelings, that’ s why many pinoy’ s and
- According to statistics, 9 out of 10 tobacco pinay’ s love singing and their pastime is
users start before they’ re reached the age to sing in videoke bar.
of 18 years. Most adults who started
WATCHING TV
smoking is their teens age and they never
expected to become more addicted, - Television has a big help for us to know,
aware and always updated on the things
DRINKING ALCOHOL
happening in our surroundings as well as
- It is usual for many Filipino to drink liquor or the issues on the government,
drink alcohol. Whatever occasion or party environment, news abroad and even in
we celebrate, it is never missing. weather news etc…Aside from that we
- People drink alcohol for many reasons but could also watch on TV different kinds of
whatever it is, alcohol certainly not good for movies, shows and dramas. From then
anyone. watching TV is really one of the most
- Some people do drink to get away from habits of many Filipino people, this also
their problems that they have carried in serves as their pastime whenever they
their lives. Though drinking alcohol it helps are not busy.
them to forget things they wanted to forget - Watching TV sometimes serves as a way
but we can never deny the fact that to have bonding of the family. It is the time
problems do not go away with drinking as a where they can get together and parents
matter of fact they increase and get worse can talk to their children.
the more when you drunk. - There are a lot of people who are also
- People say that when they drink alcohol it addicted to watch their favorite artist
makes them easier to find new friends and may it be in local or international actor or
socialize easily with others as they feel they actresses. The youth are now so many
are better company. Aside from that makes fanatics with the Korean artist and their
them feels good and relaxed. Korean novella’ s, they watch all their
- Alcohol can make people want to fight and dramas, shows and concert all over the
can cause of trouble and many crimes are time. But compared to the older one like
drink related. The fact that a person may our parents and grandparents they must
have been drunk when committing any preferred to watch Filipino shows life Eat
such crime but whatever reason he has it Bulaga, Wowowin and It’ s Showtime and
never excuse in the eyes of the law. those tele-dramas at night which they
enjoyed whenever they watch
PINOY LOVES TO SING
EATING
- Filipino people are known to be as a
talented person and to be more specific a - Many Filipino really loves eating,
music lover. That’
s why, it is proven that we sometimes it is there pastime. We usually
have a lot of great singers here in the eat as much as 5 times in a day. This
Philippines may it be in local or includes agahan (breakfast), merienda
international. sa umaga (morning snack), tanghalian

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(lunch), merienda sa hapon (afternoon

snack) and hapunan (dinner). Since the
people of the Philippines are known for
being hospitable and sociable, food is the
basis of Filipino social life.
- At a typical Philippine street, you will often
see street food vendors selling either junk
foods or street foods like the very popular
inihaw; either isaw, betamax, adidas and
many more. Also, fishballs, squidballs,
kwek-kwek and kikiam are popular
Filipino street foods as well. And the most
of all the balut and penoy food that no one
can forget and resist the smell and taste
of it.
- It is part of our tradition to attend the
occasion of our neighbors or friends as a
sign of being acceptance to the invitation
given by the celebrator like fiesta,
birthday, wedding etc.. and it is
traditional for us to attend on that kind of
occasion.

OTHERS:

- Adventure
- Swimming
- Window Shopping

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