1. Explain the technical architecture of ERP in detail.

Old technology trends influenced traditional ERP designs, which laid the foundation for future ERP
systems. This section discusses different ERP architecture designs, the technology used, and the
challenges associated with each.

4.1. Two-tier (client/server) architecture

  ERP used a "Two-tier" architecture, dividing work between Client (for users) and
Server (for processing and storage).
 It was a response to the limitations of expensive and slow "Single-instance" ERP
systems.
 Two-tier ERP was cheaper, faster, and more direct in communication.
 Drawbacks included decreased performance with more users, limitations in
modifying the database, and inflexibility in moving functions between servers.
 Many vendors, like Epicor, NetSuite, Openbravo, SAP, and Microsoft, used Two-tier
architecture.

4.2. Three-Tier architecture

 Three-tier ERP architecture was introduced to solve problems seen in the two-tier
ERP setup.
 It consists of three layers: Presentation (for data display), Application (handles
requests and business logic), and Database (stores and manages data).
 Three-tier architecture introduced new technologies like database server for data
modification and distributed application servers.
 It's more scalable, reliable, and flexible compared to two-tier systems and supports
reusable components.
 However, it can be complex and expensive.
 Used by vendors like SAP (SAP R/2), Epicor, Oracle, and Microsoft.
2. What is ERP? How integrated business solution is achieved
using ERP?
ERP integration has various benefits and advantages for an organization's information system. With
systems seamlessly integrated organizations experience greater efficiencies, fewer silos and greater
collaboration. And because ERP requires less manual data entry companies also enjoy a reduction in
human error.

Using ERP makes a company work better because it joins everything together. This means less work,
fewer mistakes, and more teamwork. Plus, you don't have to type in as much data by hand, so there
are fewer errors

The benefits of ERP integration in simple terms:

1. Efficiency: ERP makes work smoother and reduces mistakes.

2. Integration: Combines various systems for better teamwork.
3. Less Paperwork: Moves away from paper-based processes.
4. Remote Access: Allows work from anywhere.
5. Central Data: Keeps all company info in one place.
6. Faster Work: Speeds up business tasks.
7. Teamwork: Helps teams collaborate better.
8. Quick Info: Makes finding data easier.
9. Better Customer Support: Improves service visibility.
10. More Sales: Boosts sales conversions.
11. Automation: Automates many tasks.
 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ERP?

Advantages of ERP Disadvantages of ERP

1. Optimization of business 1. Costly installation, with consultants taking a large
processes budget share (about 60%).
2. Accurate and timely access to 2. Success depends on the skills and experience of the
reliable information workforce.
3. Ability to share information 3. Resistance in sharing internal information between
throughout the organization departments can reduce efficiency.
4. Elimination of unnecessary
4. ERP systems can be difficult to use.
operations and data
5. Reduction of time and litigation 5. Changes in staff may result in administrators not
costs trained to manage the system.
6. No guarantee of total company success;
6. Avoidance of duplicate records
organizational culture and staff involvement are
and redundancy
crucial.
7. Improved performance due to 7. Effectiveness may decrease due to resistance or
time savings lack of training among staff.
8. Enhanced control and analysis of 8. Benefits may not be immediately evident; they may
management decisions take time to manifest.
9. Reduced response time in 9. Implementation success depends on workforce
customer service ability, education, and training.
10. Improved competitiveness in
the business environment
 4. What is ERP Ecosystem? Explain in detail.

Isse jyada ur kuch ni milra

ppr me explanation ke waqt kuch fek dena
 5. What is ERP Landscape? Explain in detail.

Isse jyada ur kuch ni milra

ppr me explanation ke waqt kuch fek dena
6. Draw and explain the ERP Project team.
Kuch samja nai to ppt chap diya
 7. What are the factors influencing success of ERP
implementation Project? Explain in brief.
ERP implementation is the process of using a strategy to make a company work better by
organizing its resources. This includes things like managing manufacturing, sales, human
resources, and finances. It helps make the company more efficient and keeps all its
important information in one place for easy access and understanding.

Here are the key points for successful ERP implementation in simple English:

1. Project Strategy: Develop a clear plan with goals and risks.

2. Committed Management: Get support from managers to provide resources and
guidance.
3. Project Scope: Define the project's focus and enhance business requirements.
4. Communication and Training: Maintain clear communication and offer
comprehensive training.
5. Realistic Budget: Create a practical budget that covers all costs.
6. Complementary Partner: Consider partnering with a brand that complements your
organization.
7. Employee Involvement: Assign experienced employees to the project and empower
them to make decisions.
8. Executive Support: Gain approval from executive personnel for funding and timeline
adjustments.
9. Project Management Tools: Use tools to create schedules, assign tasks, and share
documents.
10. Performance Measures: Use business data to assess the effectiveness of ERP
implementation.
11. Project Closure: Establish clear communication for project completion and introduce
new processes while phasing out old systems.

These factors contribute to a successful ERP implementation process.

 8. Why ERP implementation is treated as Project? Justify.
Sure, here is a shorter version of my last answer:

ERP implementation is treated as a project because it has the characteristics of a project,

such as a defined beginning and end, a specific goal, a team of people with different skills, a
budget and schedule, and subject to change and risk. It is also treated as a project because it
is a complex and challenging undertaking that requires a significant investment of time,
money, and resources.

Treating ERP implementation as a project can help to improve the chances of success by
improving planning and execution, increasing visibility, better coordination and cooperation,
more efficient use of resources, and reduced risk.

Here are some of the key points:

 ERP implementation is a complex and challenging undertaking.

 It requires a significant investment of time, money, and resources.
 It is subject to change and risk.
 Treating ERP implementation as a project can help to improve the chances of
success.

Google Bard Ka Answer

9. What are different phases of ERP implementation? Explain
in brief.
 10. What are the reasons of the failure of ERP
implementation?
ERP implementations fail due to:

1. Lack of Leadership Support: When top management doesn't fully back the project.
2. Poor Planning and Budgeting: Inadequate preparation and budgeting for the ERP
project.
3. Choosing the Wrong Tool: Picking an ERP system that doesn't fit the organization's
needs.
4. Lack of Training: Not properly training employees to use the new system.
5. Organizational Culture: Resistance to change within the company's culture.

Addressing these issues is crucial for a successful ERP implementation.

 11. What is SAP Business Suite?
Business Suite in SAP is collection of fully integrated applications such as SAP customer
relationship management (CRM), SAP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), SAP product
lifecycle management (PLM), SAP supplier relationship management (SRM), and SAP supply
chain management (SCM) modules.

Most people relate SAP with its ERP offering. But SAP ERP Business suite now offers variety
of products to address varied needs of an organization. Lets have a look at various SAP ERP
business Suite applications.

Or

SAP Business Suite is a bundle of integrated software applications from SAP that help businesses
manage different aspects of their operations. It includes tools for customer relationships, resource
planning, product management, supplier relations, and supply chain management. SAP offers a
range of applications within the Business Suite to meet different organizational needs.

Or

 SAP Business Suite is a bundle of software applications for businesses that integrate
various functions like finance, sales, and HR.
 It's used mainly by medium to large companies to improve operations and cut costs.
 The core is SAP ERP (ECC), which includes modules for finance, sales, and more.
 Companies can choose which modules they need.
 SAP also offers the option to run Business Suite on HANA for faster processing.
 It includes additional components like Customer Relationship Management and
Supply Chain Management.
 SAP encourages customers to switch to S/4HANA, and support for Business Suite on
ECC is ending in 2025.

Or
https://ccpglobal.com/sap-business-suite-sap-ecc-erp-and-s-4hana-
explained/
 12. What is SAP R3? Why SAP ERP is based on R3?
Nai milra
Chatgpt ka mila but conf nai barabar hai ki nahi
SAP R/3, often referred to as SAP R3, was an earlier version of SAP's enterprise software. It
played a significant role in the history of SAP's ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) offerings.
Here's a brief explanation of SAP R/3 and why SAP ERP evolved from it:

SAP R/3:

 SAP R/3 was an enterprise resource planning software suite developed by SAP AG.
 It was released in the early 1990s and became one of the most popular ERP solutions
globally during the late 1990s and early 2000s.
 R/3 was known for its client-server architecture, which allowed organizations to run
the software on a network of interconnected computers.
 It offered modules for various business functions, including finance, sales, materials
management, and human resources.
 The "R" in R/3 stands for "Real-time," emphasizing its ability to provide real-time
data and processes.
 R/3 used a three-tier architecture, with a presentation layer, application layer, and
database layer, which made it highly flexible and scalable.

Evolution to SAP ERP:

 Over time, SAP made significant advancements in its software technology and
capabilities, leading to the development of newer ERP solutions.
 SAP introduced SAP ERP as the successor to R/3. The transition marked the evolution
from R/3 to a more comprehensive and modern ERP system.
 While R/3 was highly successful, SAP recognized the need to adapt to changing
business requirements and technology trends.
 SAP ERP built upon the foundation of R/3 but introduced several improvements,
including a more streamlined architecture and enhanced functionality.
 One of the key changes was the introduction of SAP NetWeaver, which provided
better integration capabilities and support for web-based applications.
 SAP ERP also paved the way for subsequent innovations, such as SAP S/4HANA,
which leverages in-memory computing and offers enhanced analytics and agility.

In summary, SAP R/3 was a popular ERP solution known for its client-server architecture and
real-time capabilities. As business needs evolved and technology advanced, SAP developed
SAP ERP as an evolution of R/3, incorporating improvements and modernization to better
meet the needs of organizations. This transition laid the foundation for further innovations
in SAP's ERP offerings, including SAP S/4HANA.

OR
A simplified version in points:

SAP R/3:

 An ERP software by SAP in the 1990s.

 Known for real-time data and client-server architecture.
 Included modules for various business functions.
 Used a three-tier architecture for flexibility and scalability.

Evolution to SAP ERP:

 SAP introduced SAP ERP as the successor to R/3.

 Improved architecture and functionality.
 Added SAP NetWeaver for better integration and web support.
 Led to innovations like SAP S/4HANA, which offers enhanced analytics and agility.
13. Write Short Note on Evolution of ERP.
14. Explain ‘History of ERP’.

1. 1960s: Companies wanted a way to control their inventory, so they started using
Inventory Control packages (IC).

2. 1970s: Material Requirement Planning (MRP) systems were developed to plan

products and manage materials needed for production.

3. Late 1980s: Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) systems came about,
focusing on optimizing manufacturing processes.

4. 1990s: Client/Server ERP systems emerged, integrating various business

processes like manufacturing, distribution, accounting, finance, and human
resources.
5. 2000s: ERP systems expanded into ERP II, adding modules and functions for
better integration, collaboration, and business value.

6. 2001: ERP systems moved to internet-based environments for greater

accessibility.

7. 2004: Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) became a standard, allowing

different systems to communicate with each other.

8. 2005: Industry consolidation happened with companies like Oracle, Microsoft,

Infor, and Sage.

9. 21st Century: ERP systems evolved to include more functions like knowledge
management, project management, workflow management, customer
relationship management, and integrated financials.
 10. What are the different parameters of ERP
implementation objectives?

The different parameters or objectives of ERP implementation:

1. Speed: Determine how quickly the ERP system should be implemented.

2. Scope: Define the range of functional and technical features to be included in the
ERP project.
3. Resources: Identify all the necessary resources, including personnel, hardware,
software, technical support, and consultants, required to support the ERP project.
4. Risk: Assess and manage potential risks that could impact the success of the ERP
implementation.
5. Complexity: Evaluate the level of difficulty in implementing, operating, and
maintaining the ERP system.
6. Benefits: Determine how extensively the company plans to utilize the ERP system's
functionality for various activities, such as software development and maintenance,
within the organization.