Electronics 33.
solar cell – photovoltaic cell
1. Swinburne’s method – most economical and 34. bundled conductor – reduces power loss due to
convenient method of testing corona
2. 0.5 Ω - typical value of armature resistance 35. corona – common in Tx lines; not affected by
3. 50 Ω - typical op-amp input impedance / typical atmospheric temp.
surge cable resistance 36. local hot spots – di/dt in SCR
4. 600 V – solid grounding 37. false triggering – dv/dt in SCR
5. 3.3 kV – 11 kV – resistance grounding 38. IEEE-488 digital interface - is a short-range,
6. 5 to 10 years – shelf life of lithium cells digital communications bus specification.
7. 3 to 8 inches – size of silicon before processing 39. RAM – combinational logic circuits
8. -40 dB – roll-off (low pass filters) 40. ROM – array
9. Ramsauer’s effect – absorption of slow moving 41. cache memory – recently accessed data
electrons by interfering matter 42. PMOS – 6 times slower than NMOS
10. Bravais’ lattice – shows the location of lattice 43. kWh meter – recording instrument
points 44. 1 kWh = 860 kcal
11. Frenkel defect – an atom or ion leaves its place in 45. Tx limit – can be solved by inserting a series
the lattice and becomes an interstitial capacitance and shunt reactors
12. Vacancy defect – an atom is missing from one of 46. varactor – as RB increases, capacitance
the sites decreases
13. single phase motors – does not self start 47. temp increase = length increase, stress
14. Anderson bridge circuit – used to identify decrease
unknown inductances 48. Schottky diode – fast switching
15. Maxwell – Wien bridge circuit – modified 49. triode – simplest amplifier diode
version of Anderson bridge circuit 50. Nimak gantry – positional precision robot
16. Schering bridge circuit – used to identify 51. Karel Capek – coined the word ‘robot’
unknown capacitance 52. J.S. Kilby – made the first I.C.
17. Wheatstone bridge – used to determine unknown 53. Ted Hoff – designed the microprocessor in
resistances ranging from 1Ω to few M Ω 1969.
18. Miller circuit – step input to ramp output 54. anthropometric robot – most maneuverable
19. Phanastron circuit – modified version of Miller robot
20. Zinc and copper – used as good electrodes 55. SCARA – used in assembly operation
21. Zinc container – cathode part in the dry cell 56. revolute – rotational movement
22. Silver zinc cell – used for emergency 57. prismatic – straight movement
23. Weston saturated cell – used in large laboratories 58. walk through – programming the linear
24. carbon – cannot be used as a magnet movement of robot
25. glass – strongest dielectric 59. 0.5µm - thickness of the depletion layer of an
26. double transient energy – refers to RLC circuits unbiased P-N junction
27. transient – dependent on the instant that the 60. 10,000 – no. of times a card reader can read
circuit is closed. 61. 1,000,000 – actual gain of an op-amp
28. punch through effect – when RB voltage is 62. 4 & 100 – inductance of a voice coil / speaker
exceeded and avalanche breakdown occurs. impedance
29. lead acid cell – 2.1 V 63. LASCR – used as latch, no gate terminal
30. antimony lead alloy – sediments found in a lead 64. binary counter – use a D- flip flop
acid cell 65. D-flip flop – composed of JK, inverter and RS
31. transformer coupled load – improves Class A flip flop
efficiency by 50% 66. NAND – S=0, C=0
32. 95% - amount of current which flows through the 67. NOR – S=1, C=1
collector
68. monolithic IC – passive and active components 98. class C amp – most distorted output
undergo one process; used in computers because 99. EAROM – degraded every read operation
they are more compact 100. ultraviolet light – can erase the contents of an
69. film IC – depositing required patterns of passive EPROM
components 101. flip flop – belongs to the family of bistable
70. thin film – spattering / ceramic substrate multivibrator
71. thick film – silk screening / alumina substrate 102. SC flip flop – used as latch
72. index register – used for address modification 103. toggle condition – distinction of JK flip flop
73. Hartley – tap coil over SC flip flop
74. Colpitts – tap capacitor 104. speed of operation – reason why avalanche
75. Ip/IV- ratio in tunnel diode important in computer diode is preferred over PIN diode in optical
applications systems
76. transputer – computer on a chip; operates on 105. CMRR – for a differential amp is infinity
parallel processing; 32 bits 106. source – point of reference in JFET
77. nonvolatile memory – semiconductor rom 107. thermal neutrons – slow neutrons
78. semiconductor rom – combinational logic circuit 108. bimetallic strip – the thermostat used in irons
79. SCS – anode, cathode and 2 gates 109. frequency stability – improved by using a
80. diac – pair of four layer SCR tuned circuit
81. triac – behaves like 2 SCR 110. gain stability – improved by controlling the
82. SCR – 2 N-type and 2 P-type gain
83. UJT – behaves like diode and 2 resistors 111. FET – similar to thermionic valves
84. induction instrument –rotation instrument 112. deflection sensitivity of CRT – dependent on
85. JFET – depletion mode only; square law device the separation of Y plates
(transconductance curve is parabolic) 113. carbon – has a negative temp coefficient
86. PIN – negative resistance diode / thin slice of 114. indium – cannot be used in doping when
semiconductor sandwiched between two metal convertin an intrinsic to N-type extrinsic
conductors 115. Fermi level – forbidden gap
87. IMPATT – microwave device used as oscillator 116. microprocessor – basic units are ALU and
for 10-1000 GHz frequencies control unit
88. bolometer – used to measure temperature 117. all solids have 6 degrees of freedom
variations with ref to the changing metallic 118. daisy chaining
resistance 119. photodarlington – phototransistor and
89. stroboscope – measures speed while flashing at a transistor
preset frequency 120. sulphation – occurs due to incomplete
90. ondograph – waveshaping of voltage / current charging of lead acid cell
91. light meter – uses lux as unit 121. digital IC – discrete change
92. permeameter – measures magnetic characteristics 122. analog IC – linear change
of ferromagnetic substances 123. schottky diode – no depletion layers and
93. luminous intensity – unit used is candela operate with hot carriers
1/2
94. 0999 – maximum number display for a 3 digital 124. 64 bit word size – used on largest computers
meter 125. nickel – has high internal resistance
95. 1000 V – max voltage measured for a resolution 126. lead acid – dilute sulphuric acid, sponge rod,
1/2
of 100mV 3 digital meter lead peroxide
96. darlington pair – gain is obtained by multiplying
127. always
the beta values of the transistors; same as voltage
gain with an emitter follower 128. trickle charge – fresh and fully charged
97. class B amp – not prone to even order harmonic 129. no water is absorbed
distortion 130. electronic oscillator – always with feedback
131. Boltzmann’s diode constant – static V/I 166. negative swing – Q point at saturation
characteristics 167. positive swing – Q point at cut – off
132. low frequency cut off – bypass and coupling 168. bias – apply dc voltage at pn junction
capacitor 169. mica – not good conductor
133. transistor – interjunction capacitance – parasitic 170. LCD – has less power requirement compared
oscillations to LED array
134. notch relays – impulse repeating 171. cascade amp – better BW
135. ECL – very low propagation delay , fastest
136. I2L – bipolar saturated logic
137. CMOS – very compact ; power consumption (in
nW range)
138. logic analyzer – depends on the maximum input
channel
139. push-pull – eliminate even –order harmonics
140. use of DC motor / stepper motor – compared to
an ac motor can withstand overload
141. Barkhausen criterion - βA≥1 – sustain oscillation
142. phase – 0 degree
143. positive feedback – regenerative
144. monostable – introduced delay propagation
145. astable – used as oscillator
146. bistable – used as flip flop
147. soft stops – servo rotational
148. advantage of non-servo – high repeatability, low
cost
149. direct coupling – less distorted to any frequency
response
150. RC coupling – low cost and no adjustment
151. transformer coupling – minimum loading and
minimum mismatch
152. saturation – clipping at negative portion
153. cut –off – clipping at positive portion
154. subroutine – high cannot be used as programming
test
155. DE MOSFET – no pn junction
156. speed – links torque and power
157. decade counter – 0-9 counter, next rest
158. 4096- 4096 x 1-bit RAM
159. SiO2 –isolation in ICs
160. MKS unit for electric field intensity – volt per
meter
161. excess-3 – add 3 in BCD
162. handshaking – overcome problems in
asynchronous transmission
163. relaxation oscillator – interdependent circuit
164. ripple factor – determines the filter efficiency of
the P.S.
165. fixed bias – less stable
