Unit 4 SET THEORY A get Js amy swell defiured. or uumordered collection of objects cated the dewwuts or wamber o) the set. sdhese elemunts way be awythungs » Uuaber , pouits , deter of alphabet. Exi- A batotlian of soldier. Vowels of wphalset * Repentation Gs wot allawed wu set, As $L23548 a= $1522, 3548 ae Repsuseutatiow of Set debuten Yerm/- Roaster Yorua .-£ExAG1s2s 3.49 Th ths form all the elemtuts oft det aw dlisted , dhe elements being, seperated by. comm and enclozed witthin cusly Harts. = Used ww swall data Orga sabiow . Set Quilder Method or Rule Method \- Tu dhus wuthod , a det Js deliind by a psiopesdy that Cleumat of the, set Arowe ua COUAD . Ex (et pert vuibed cin compere dota, orgauisatiou -P “Lypes of, Set :- YD duit Set i- A set cit, Yuinte uber of eleruunt dun dk jit called Yunde get. Ex 9=$4,2,3,42 op get ob, studeuts Bet of vousels in Hinds alphabet 1) dupuide Seki A get wid sifu, Umber of elewmuts da ak . : Exe Set O motuial uuwiber . A={ 4.2.5--..% WW Null get i- A get sphich comkaas ee st wD often ee ushich contain only ony elewouk- Ae FY V) Subset 1- TEA and B aw wets ACh that euny deuevt of A ds alto ar elemeut of B trun Ais gaid de be aubset of 8B. Td is davoted YACB A Exe A= 41,2349 B= f \ 238245536379 ROB. ‘Note!- Adis Gusset Gunny set A isa subset of held. a ie, ACA. « Gatishies | tyraustiviby Jf ACB, Bcc thon ACC. VD) Reveper gubseti- Any aulbuet Ais said oe be psuspext aubset of cumothin set B, jk Ad, a subuk of B duct cthebue ds at bastelemmnt of B ushich dew not belongs do A eit Be. 8 but AB dr ds demoted by ©. Operations om a Set i= i ee ee Soy U. [pup= fei % ER oF 2682 A=f12a3s B= Suse? AUB= 51255) 67. Tt da denoted by 0. one +e Intersedibus- fans= fx: eA and 28% | * Difference of Set ar Set Difference. ze [p-B- j =i EF out oe 2 8i] Ex= A= $423.4} B= 54,562 A-B= §4.0.3%. + Complimunt of 0 bet. [plz (eeu but weg Ee= Us §1,2,5)4)5% A=6 253,43 Acer haay * Syumetsric Difference - Tt da devoted Loy a @B or A AB oeA AB §CA-8) UCG-A)} AAB= Sx: x2EA butegB or x EB by 2¢A? Ee A= §054,2%,-3} B=41,2,33 ass * §0.-33} ee D Idembotent Law ; Foe AdA=A 1) Agzociatine howi- puCBUd) =(AUBYUC - Aacend =(Aane)c. T) Commutative L010 = QuB= BUA ANB= BA W) Digtidlsubve dowo= aucand = (us) (Ave) aatgud = (Ang)uCA ac) V) Ideutty howe AU d= A puu= VU anu-A nage© (quBy'= Aloe! @ canB)= AluB' aes Uuttiset aw the Sets 5 wwhone are con ocust as a wombs a Most chan ouce abet! re 5 abbiy, bhcy cy dhagre sib ancmes @= 4,0) b,b,6,6,de §9.a,2-b, 20,10 @ tufersectlon i- deter Intersectten of 0 wie Jb the dhe uulbipbiccty Of am mer ws he umn = @ da aL @Difference \— Mabipliaby ob OM elemuut gu waullipicty of dhe oe oad chy of the elus ut" B, 1, thedijerexe Js positive ands equalbyoo, uf Hu difleweuce ts Zero or negative . SMW Multihticity of aw element un the Suu of Uautiplicctiea, gy He element tn Aad B. oun. Ps ee ar pee = $Qa, ab, |. © Pug. (aa ,3-b, ac, bd? @ pne= § t-a,a.b, 4d? @ Pa= § 4-b, ac? @ a-P- Sia? © PiO=530, 5b, 2.0, 0d 2 Me Pa SUR MAA, 862 © §Sded-a 4c, Sf <5 i OQ = B46 NS 22 AKA? = FAQ, 404 ay 4s, Sol: M pygs $S-4,2-2,24,45$ 4.62 @ PnQ= YASS LU 4c) 416? ® PO= fa-44 r @O-P= (4.9544, 4.5% © P4O= festeg xa, yd \Q.u, ae 45% | |© Puove that 9-B= A008! > het 2 HO an asily tay elewmt of the get 9-B zen aud 2 ¢68 wen and 2 eB! 2e Aas) Now for RHS , ze (ANB') zea aud ee B! ween aud ae B 2e € CA-B) LHS=RHS @ Pssue thot Ceuworgor 2 @ caus’! = AaB! 2 qua asubitrasy elem of sek caus)’ Jaw , tet 2 be [eer or 2€ 8B: 2h ond 24 8 | ne Calas) For RHS | oy wee ROB xe AY ond 2e8. cog 8 ontind =F S- ed (0.8), 2 € (AUB)7 Douwsi- Rusue that disbuibutive Law. @ouni- Poove 9-(BNc)= cA-B)UCA-C) © D Diwbuituitive uaw!- AUCBNC) = (AUB) CAUC) hak v2 be any arbitrary dewuut un AUB) ie 2EA aor w2e(BNC) 2EA or (ee B and 2eCc) Geen or e 68) aud (ee A Or ~EC) > (RuB) NCAUC) eee For Rus, (RvB) A Cave) 2% € (AUB) NCAUS) 2 € CA aud or B) and x € (A orl) ZEA and ee CBor C) 2¢ € A NCBUC) @e ee cuny curbitrary clemert . ne € AABN ER aud x Ff (B00) ween aud 2 € (BUC) ' zeh and £6 Bl an. XC (m% CA ard #E BY) or (ER aud ae } (REP amd £8) er CxEA and ef) @ (A-8)U CA-CYCositesian Product Ccrosz Product] pecs eee pe $1234 Ge) 2 53:4? wen. B= § Ea DLW, (BD, (2,4), 63,9) 03,493 axe dhe cartesian preduct of @ 7 murber of get 9,,A2.-- An dovated ow ALKAK.--XAn Can ee defiimd ax all poskible ordered pails C29 2a aca en) Relation.- A welotion fren A to B js a Subsct of dhe conteatauw pywduct. R CAxB He Gass ee Sac ys dd PXB= 501,20 CLiyV(bar C2%) CQ, (2339 (3,O(3,y> (35393 PYB= CGey): SER 2B YER? Demaiv. ,Ramge, Codomaim i= Demat ‘- ALL W Yiuat element un dhe ordered ix dv giver sulotion R. fel fe (Uadbe—! Be RO Be S123, 4-1 Ramg, \- Setend elemurt jun a ardered part WA guile welalior R. P[ codomarn'- fet B 7 Qur A= $1 253,53 B+) 4.659% Re AxB R= § L205 y) difference bluo and y ty odd wEA and yeB Fund demon , Tange, codomaur- Solt R= § (1,4) (1,6) (2D (3,4) (5,6) GAS) (5) Demam= $1, 253,52 Romge = 54,6593 Codomain § #16293. “FRroperties Or A RELATION (- Juan - Relation Roving combtind ordered, balup OL both selatious Rand Ro. RUSS oeRy Ure S Riz SC2)C2,1) 28 4 48 Ra = FCi, Oey Se. RURE= ((290Q, 10532) (14) Cs)? Inderge chtou.= Relahou faving common element» of given two Relabions te. Riand fo. Rie 9 CLAD yQdCLH (Yd? Bee § CR CHD CUI RiMRa= § (LACUS. RNS= § RY Moe Sy?Difference i- Relation Aantug Ordered, paiu such Bot 2 Lelong sho Ry luck sedlees not dsetongs toRe. CoumpLumut «= ac= laxBl-R. ERIK Th A= §2e, 434 » B=SXrY LY c= fxy? YAK 2} R ase be a vulstion RL AXB $.cxD R= § 630 Gey) CET peice c= FCxe,Y) , ¥(Ys22% @ aus = (@ CY) eaagey (4,0) 8 @Ras= 9 CVF Nas @e-s= 4 (ex eee @r= § cox) CH) iio pra” Go} Tuuwser- lot (R? Le any sulaliin geome Sek A to B He dumenre of & yy du sutlation perry Sip ft R= §Casb) aeA 2 bEB? ushidn conaist of — thaw oho Ssulotiary — otevensed Qe (ab) iaeA RbEB? RiAXB. Rt $Cba), bEB gaene Ri BxA - e ordered baits ushichTauetty Retalionw a Relation ops Riba set A un et B identity sajatiin | iyi Calta “gives eRGeeTaS Re ¥la,0)~ a€ CAxAy? Re Jd? Tr deluined bY “TA ” 1 Paroberiew Of Ruation ' — ulation qs eno. Atk R de 7p Rublezug' = A suaffereive Bly agA. pour enroy 4 ach - ie. Core) ER gou vey aép - Be Seas OM R= $thaICL") (2,8) ase) csi8)8 @ R= Lu €12)(23), (3% % @ R= CA) C193 9G x OB eas uot rebleriAre. iD Trrefdexue i= A relation Rem asel F Jb Saich do be guublewive dy four oll aca, a,mf R Egoumble- R= F112), Cb3}CarD, (2h oat Ae §C1y235\ Ag fa,o¢R. ie. dk ub © wifleaie Ssalation -“OR eet en eager mnane jo R= §a,a), Cb,b), COR CyB) eR , Gut as sin uinefleacine (b,b)eER ta.) #R (0 CR that wows oF Ub a du-suapleseve Halation . Re $CL9I(QAICS,1N 9 Ouw do (9,) it uy wat ureflertine, REAXA , D Raplereive Now -Reflerelue '- A welation Ren actA iy nen- repderive Jy Rib reiter suplerri, noe emu, Exes = Re G12) (2,2) 63,2) 2 Syyurwebic Rolotifn,- 9 sulfation Rena sot A Js woid te be aywundtric of Wh (Aid ER Bur (8,AER Exouple.- R= Suainea) 3C.251}, C1539, (22)(3,0} 52) RCa,t)eR Ree 23,Ner (Qayer Cider Monte, JE Lve Sywwctuic vulatien , Psy umue bile Resoctign Relation R ena get Shon, Cab) ER wut Cha) ¢R- RG 3 af dao ayumutne aud agyumetsic |A&425 4 adisyumnetnic . Retation + uk A to said to Le gp sutotion Renan 4 ourtig yuna e db Ca,b) ER, CbayeR wushoe a=b- MO Re $Ca;a) Cab), OF (A,DER (a=a) a,byeR 9 by ZR COOeER cc=0) Pntis paastt IC @ R § Carb) Cs008 as (abe & Cb,ade R 3, nok on qudisyumerrte dk db < relation « © Axe = Not audisyummetio dw te Ca,0€R uk Casb)é R amd Cb,WER “ence, ok jy wot UN audisapuretric suation « duoncitive Relation 3 Q relation R ona at A cbomsiine dy CER % (b> CarcreR. © R= §Carb) (6,0) Grad Cb» by? pralbA@ 0? Yyomaibie oO eer ° a a) Ruatien . bam POONER - dy said to beR= § (0,0), Cb, B),Cesc) 2 = Trawritiine Relolion R= SAYA 2 Tey aduaustive swlotier - Que Give an ecawuble for given relaiow © Rellevetive and wyuumstri c but not tromadiin = es RA UN GVMSD BAA Reblereive =< Ca,adeRr Syuman= Ca,byER RCbEQDER Trams. = Casb)E RCbsAYER Hhenla,Oer. R= F309 Cbs) COO cash) (6509 C,O668) @D Sywwmetric and Wiowritive buck wot rellectine R= FH (1) C1518 @® Ae $52,554 5569 RSC g J wl Fl =22 © Us suflereive G_ dk Spumatric Q) wtunutive . : Sol R= eons O40) ero 2) (6,4) (3,5)} os Se aay Lper. C o ats, Hence, vt iy ayumucthi ¢ (dh de wok tuawitive. as BIER CLE buck DEReen ett mee nts ane Equivalence Relation > — een Ugher, wy culation oblows all pstoperties diRe For euuy elemmk 2 = thu exisk Ca,ayER Ror every (a,b) ER » ChOER- Por evap) Cab) ERs omd COVER CODER - Example Axa. coe Order Ruatiow? = Pry sulotiow yasaid 40 be pontial order Fader ye fodouss Lor eu element CabyeR > (b,areR wushuw cog9) a=b a ca,byER (a9 ai Lge) ER abn CE2dER- xouubte FEL (229 (2/3), (b 93. fomberits, Relolinw ‘= Lat AsB OC) Leaiset Wt & de a sulatbn fternv R:AaxB and det 6 Lee sulabin perv ¢ S:Bxc. be Qusthe suck Rosana” Cohan SS bee x ca,prek ‘and ch¢) € BYCreamble ket AEGAN and BeP Pon 7 Ge $2054 136 aud det R= SOPLLD a (3:93. and S= §(py) (qe) (528 Compute Reambesite S. Cea CbscES RS BF CHY) (hz) (Xd GOP Covers y @ tek R= SCID (2, (3,293 compute R?. 2 5 R= SGI) Cos MGayaNimee Sc Sead a G8 EP Rez §CLI) Ca,19 (3,292 ClopuUrL 6 Relatiow + - Rebleseine, Clesusiei- Reflesetine CLoLune stelatiznn Cak Ro de the Suvallot suflereive sulatton Loki Centatn @ ay a subset . dp Gurem a dselalion R Onaquet A Ae Supteceive clioeure B® con, formed by adding 2 all pabw fosume Cao) bor | every Small QeA ushicdh one not ateady. | iv Rs R= RUIp ushere Ip (Ca,a) 7 a€A? | exomple\= A=F (12393 Re Gs 6L2902,198 RY= RUIp. 5 § COD (8,2) (3,39 Clo2) 2,13Exawble\-D het Re Gas) and Bah a C= $234) and Lok R= §C1,PIC P(g ie, (3,993 and S= §(py) (9:26) L2> Compute composite S- CA sbdER o a Cbyc)ES Say) (Lz) (ax) (O38 CacreR.s DG alr wasnt RoS dD @ tok R= SCLI) (ai) (3,293 compute R*. B = $1002, N03, 2% % a ce ei Re §0L) (2,19 (3,293 Re Closure of Relatiow 2 - Refleseiue Clouse Reflesetre Closure stelatizn au R us te Awwoallut suplerive sulation thot vantalin @ ay a dubset . de Quien a elation R Onaset A the supleciive cleure R™ can formed by adding 2 all babw fosuraé (a,o.) bor ery small aA ashichane nok alieady Fn RNG IR ae RU Tp shee Tp= (Cady Taday exomble\- Ref (25303 REG C2629 Ro RDA G CUI) C2)2) (3,39 Clo2) CA,NZ | x eeSyuuetric Clogu0 CRS)}-St is the smo Lest g Clog smal Sy, telation that contains R ih a stiilssct sulation atric A syumetsiic sulfation centaine (y,%) ih lt cordains (ey). RS RuUR"! Exe1- R= §F C12) (2,0 01,39 C112 RSe F112) sD (43) Ce O1,193 rsonsitive cleus (RT) \- The dhe 9 sielatibu thot cantae Cesy) (yo3) then icra eH DUDANEDS Te ¢ C5 (429 (a952AR Relation Matrize |- yee bahiuah pests Cane, 40 R= SCI!) (3 (3,042) (id Ther relation wicttsuize | 1 Bed cae haters =O <0 by eRe 0) Se ema) esa CnnnO eli 0 ve: Qu, Re F0hAd(AI)B DE P1213 RU Ta a Rund RY, RS 2 RT. ALL identts Cae a § CD (a) DBs thr aD} © DER 52) (3,30 82 CCH (a, 89C392) (3,00 C13)2 O48 ee oa D as CaseR - and GBDER (,29€ RE C180 RRT ag RU For Tromaitive R= $ (1a (a9) (3,10 18 * § (1A) (2,3) (as (8,1) 3H F594 % Arosa Ding rane A paxtial evcler (X) ona act X Cam dse bepresented. by means of diagram O&O) fnoum ax frasse daquaw sf (% &) th this diagram, ve SX Ub GO Cx BUCCELAOr gy tices represevit the element DEX and Cy ds aun sumnidiote Ms dy) , thon Vos placed ot Righer Ju chan Geuyp) ast Jatrad by Qa styaight Line, Examble A=$1,2,3,4% “FUNG Ch O4 ad (3) 64) 33,4 (4,493. > R 4 l cS \ ee i Jt R= $F, 2,354.53 EN8 Be F CL (AWD (3,39 C44) (5,5) C13) 129 CL) | (1,5) C23) (BV) (35) (3,4) (3,6) (u,9F—p—O— p—y RSBDIQ = $1,2)3,4)65123 Cia ge diy silsle] Re 12 ity a Pe ee 1 Quusi- be 08 , Powe st 535058,0$ » D0» D100, Oude Dios ,D3e Gigoo- D6O- D-\00 ra 2. ae AN tees Dexia. pice \pir a5 1355153 3X a S ey Cains ural i- of] Qs Pour Sets S= S a,b,c? Pouseu gct 2 [b, $07 $635, $03. Garb}, [boe3 (arc farb,c3/ Sasbsc8 ! nee Sa $be Sc Sa Cur wal >] pau = $1,254,369 1a 24 a eet NS s =e wD Timah 4Maximal Element i- hat (PZ) bea gpk PoSET aud element a du the POseT db Colled a waadumal Elem of, P. Sk a ze fo umber of element tr P ie. fh wunber ofelement of P -atrichly succeeds iG Mazeimal element a \ 30 Et ny : ; RL ize ~ lee. Dihese Se gil : Mapzaiual = Roa Ses wD) 4 ox? Cas) b =’. Q a Iv) : ec . ay na Maxuial = £q,b64Miuntumol Elewunt ; - het CP, Z )e a PoseT aud elewint a dr POSET i, called audiuiwol elemmat of P i dhe a¥e fora mo. of element un P. Ne £4 number eb Ps elements shit Proceeds C. Masumun GLemurti - Ty it La wrareiual aud every danext Js slated do st Maan Elemmti- If dt Le witnimalaud emmy elemut is wuated tout — Ware i -$e3 Miintuaal mesa” Mun ve 7 Mut ga Mivumal rf aia fava. | Pare al e3 S Mapebanal= (e3 5 3 yl : Qa uni $27. nl an er ope cs Mase mal = SE? ea; Naiendal® Gaeea te a Muiuol = (a }Upber Bowuurdl | - het B.bea subsel ga Poser (A,<) Pn elemut WER 48 caffe am upper houndat 8 ib U ssucceds evgny elemuk o 8 S.e%eu for all 2 eB. An elemert LGA Usectled a Sour Seaaae, ewer Bound!~ Ay element LEA is collet a douse hound o& 8B if I psecedes eve, elument of B de I se ge b) 2 $C, fd? eae 20 jlo} UB= § f:A.9) @ap =§50,1002 Be aS Peed, LuBeaSf{ UB= § to0 2 z LB= (SO, as, lo, 52,1 0 a ne’, aus set ol} ead PRG RL ne pies ata qugee UB = £20,100? bB= fc tBe f42 A= 6, ay 4) Sb, ds og GiB. 133 uB= fF F rh? Lv RB 25203 LBe S$ ? 5 GLB= 5% wugaits Greatest ower Boward > An elemunt aeA ie called the greatest dou Bound of Ba dda Lown Useurd Gf Band alva wihewuin alin a cleusr howd OB. Tw a=aqip. D3 allo called Dif and wusiitten Ow a= p(B).least Lipper Bound 2 3 On clemumt ae nuh collect a deast upp Bound o, 8 add Jf WU) ade an uber ewnd of Bamd. Gi) a Xa! 40H away upper dowd, alo, 8B Wu a= dub( 6). 7 toast phen ound ikaleo called supuvrrun awd = usr =k a = Su pCB). +..P subst B of a beset may OH moy nok have wibby ot ousen howd . Bn upper oH dowser round may ot word not delengs do B tall. 3. dha can be mon dan ene upp houd. and Jour Loud oa set. Q. 4. dhe guedtest elummt isalwoys tht gupevmun but He Conuenst Ls not chu. Th fact ogee) le Q= supca) Ja the 9 a Lyf a €B - S. Te east elemmmut “caliveee the turf — dak the conunse de wok Suu tubo © inh CB) te toast elutrt iby bes.hoHtce A poset CP, <) ib Colleda Jattice uh eu 2-elemut dubset of P Rat both a Least abbr bewd aud a gueatest douse dround ie tp dus (9¢,.y) aud QululsCoe 4) crest fos every 2 aud oy ee Peuae tthin Case » ue donate eVy =dubsfeeyY Cano ad datin of 2 awl y ) wAY = QU Srey 9 (stead ag wok o Landy) New that every Chauuds adattice, Since any. disse edemuds 2&4 of a chain ane comparable de furrdl ‘ aevy = dub(e, y= Y RAY = GLb (zy) = 2% thejase , Jathice dy a watfewatical xcbuidturr equuifofped with te bunany operation folin and ustek . other uotalier of jain ane @ ort and wart ane * or.. g Juin Semt Lattice Superwanon /tbpe beast upper 3 a toost Saunt (v) Soar poset. Uh HUB “Ba atbpee bauach, pins apn, Vea 60 RIE Q: ri \ ty thor PosET Jy eea Veet Seurd Lattice/ Inppiuuun/ Gountest dou bow ” Tha POSET if GLB fa a Gswatest Lower teeud, Aes Inhuiuur ,A ercik qo euay pain Of elms thou. POSET ib called Mant Sumi Lottuce Exeoubles, e ee Dat <$1,9,9,224 ado 8aot o d 2 |LUB= & a B= Voihy tuk O36 1S gortice, se mak ~ Baler 32h 5 naa Fy) By 4699 12319136? Bey ea eS q Sar ox 1d ae WN Se g abies == aaa 2] a| 49) 34 42 oc CO |e c je {6 1& 4136 7o| abe | se | 3 \3 to|9 \3<[4° aul see 2) 46 12} 4o| 12 |12| 42125 g2) se [56 to |1o|48\4e hol 45 ke | 48 |36 een ze [S636 | 3 36 |36 | 36 36 |ge [36Glee Neale eter sft2| 48] 36 rea ede Aji }i ft Bs 4 ual | |iai|at | aula epee 2 eee Soe Se coal ey ba lnlel2 (2% | 2 rs 6 ji] 2/3/2/ 46) 3 16 6 \8c¢ g lala {siz }3l8 oa se. S qa (ile [aly fels | 2 ie [ete replia efafe | 9p 6} 8 19 Be l1]2 12/4] 6}49 12}/10] 36 , ax §b,¢,F,d,e? I e a=$Cybif dc? ») be Sfide3 befe, fidhe? fe do esse? a\g.dye) Lz fee 4 . d= Fes dS dye? : Keded *+!4, bcd hel 4 ie LUB= vee eG de file Ou geld of ge il SOR bible -l¢ fe | @ = sy ele Pie lals [e Bo mala elie [ 5 d ad ld don les e 3 ei ele fle " 4 ce ele | ejelje ome | Cehes a aes 2 Se Boas aI NSS NOV $9 Uy eb | Oo} a/ 3} 2 ese. | y Slee | wi PPR Se] Se ~/s[l sf gS Oo] -3 87S ee eels S| 3s] a} $s) 3] 9/3 S| lea | aie 383 <| 8] 0 oO} HY 5 GLB ae bh c=. Sbe de§ bal Lu Of b} 56ged yen i ego Gd bef bf 3lB azsap ge $9) Cz 49-0 de fa, crd,e,5,4 de§aig} €=6e,92 LZ> p= S695 A Subdtotti Guth Jy l= Dzq $123.56 40,45) 309 ie atateiee tm psoue shot De 423,63 ,Doand Dig ha BE non eubty subactgof a dated 45 called 0 evo a,b€L" “> a/b ) aAb EL the algebra (LA,V) to Gubler: d ude eherabiony die. of (CL) AVY Sh Ee Oe Pawo P of, Joittavce 1 OVa= 0 faut - « % Sduumbo 7 oko =a : on i- aV@Ab)=o ee QACourb) = sho.* Commutolive''- AvVb= bv, QAb =z bA@ % Pesocatwe'- av(bvd=(avb)ve 23 QACbA® =Cavb)ve Qual o4 battice t= st je obtolued, Weypuuderchangag dhe (wv? & cP Opendion - Eoen [avipras is [aac owas] ye Dustniduhive Latticei- aVCbAd) = Cavb) a Cave) aACbvO= CaAb) V(a AC) [Mile to tooubleunut wile fy cleus kor Yo, 2 wiule] % Complomuited Jatitce i- A dattice L dsecornts O tomblemunt Wadtice tf ie iyo -beuveladt Jnttice aul if ery elomurt wr sattice Ras a comblermud Rn clemard (2) hos 0 Comblernmt 2 16 -7~ Ce Ax! <0 2 eV%=4) % Modules daitlice ,- ap (bv Gand)) = Carb) VCa Ad) % Sdontg i- avi-s aQhti-ea Qva=GQ QAa=0 Rowrded dattice i- A Jattice which has trol clamenrt Oand + ipcalled a bouded tabttce Oud sh ote dwoted (lL, A3V,0,4) Tr dyousel = dotticr » He nicer oraz 0 =aho poral acAn »i Coumphuart of aun elomant avb=U wa» QabeL wus Des Q+ Cramble oh distributes. 3 : otk ier = 4509 E ae hg are dvay=2% ep ANat=4 . usa. eoiupreiant doh = Tha > ee a®=e,b,c bo= C,a,€ ce a,0)e Akad oa | = abu. : foal Bollea Lettie \- Jo courhlennated. rr dissoincliv kn follow xe. en complowwd wile , _SS f Asi Growsth of ua CLOae Mathematical Indu cliéw' — %e Verify that 1+243-__w equal to where ats Jualing meathewatical wududtidu Sol at Slm) be tuguwus Statemmt | @ Basic Step. net Ce San RHS= nent LOH 2 a SCL) is Gure . yz2 UdS= [4225 Ruse 2¢Q+!) a a S62) tn Bure @® INOUCTIVE HyestHESis aun that sco) us Aiur 1424 -- +e CRD R= a @® INouctwe Sree’= We Utih bo show the

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