Date ~ ~MXferoscope AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT To study the parts of dissecting microscope and compound microscope NTS ing microscope, Compound microse: (Mikros — minute, Skopos ~ watabee) ne of the most important scientific instruments required for observing and studying microscopic structures, jects and or} qui sservin 3 ganisms. The study of living organisms is closely aasoclated with the * main objective behind the use of microscope is to magni small to be seen and examined with the baked. eye. ‘Thus. piology laboratory. Nowadays various types of mi magnification microscope, invention of microscope. The ify the minute objects which are too microscope is the basic tool in a ‘croscopes are available with varying ranges like compound microscope, phase contrast microscope, electron . However, the most common are the light ES tah nwatars There are two tvpes of light microscopes. microscopes available in any © scanned with OKEN Scannerrou uy we renin a9 3H fjustment screw PARTS OF A COMPOUND MICROSCOPE (Fig. 1.2) aciikitas cer Like dissecting microscope the various parts ofa compound microscope can be studi under (i) Mechanical parts, (ji) Optical pats Mechanical Parts ors © Opteal Pe Base. Its ahorse-shoe shaped structure that supports the entire weight of the microscope Pillar. Vertical, erect structure that connects the base with the arm. Inclination joint, Itis a point on the microscope just above the base, required to incline the body of the microscope as per the need of the user. _ Arm. Itis the bend metallic portion of the microscope used to hold the microscope and itis connected with the body tube at the upper end. . Art Stage. Square-shaped metal plate on which slide with the object is kept. It is having « hole at the centre through which light comes to the obejct from the condenser, _Stage clips. Pair of metal clips fitted on the stage required to hold the slide in fixed Position. Adjustment screw (coarse). Present in the upper portion of the arm that allows the body tube to move up and down so that the objective is placed roughly at a correct distance from the object and there is a quick focussing of the object. . Adjustment screw (fine). Comparatively finer screw present below the coarse adjustment Screw that allows the exact focussing of the object by an extremely limited up and down ‘movement of the body tube. This functions to bring a sharp and clear image of the object. Nose piece. It is a metallic revolving disc attached to the extreme lower end of the body tube which holds the high and low power objectives and allows an interchange for using either of them, Body tube. Its the long cylindrical tube attached to the upper portion of the arm that holds the eyepiece and ete at proper distance from each other. Draw tube. Acylindrical tube inserted into the body tube, used for retaining the eyepiece, Iris-diaphragm. A wheel-shaped metal disc atached at the base of the condenser that regulates the amount of light that comes to the object. Optical Parts Mirrar. & plano-concave mirror, atached to tne pillar below the stage which reflects light upwards to the condenser, Condensers Present just below the central hole of the stage, contains several lenses to concentrate light on the object that comes froth the mirror, In certain microscopes where ccondensers.and diaphragm are absent, the light is directly reflected from the mirror to the object. © scanned with OKEN ScannerOdicceives. Usually two objectives found screwed to the nove piece, one low power atjectve (10%) and other high power objective (45x), thus containing different lenses for different degree of magnification. In some microscopes a third abjective called oll immersion cece (1008) MAY also be present for stil higher magnification. (‘cedar wood! oil used for such viewing). Eyepiece. Its the viewing lens, mounted at the top of the draw tube, responsible for increasing the magnification. Magnification power of a lens is defined as the ratio between the size of the image formed and the size of the object. ath nest, = Size of the image formed = ‘Size of the object “4 a compound microscope, the size of the obj +t is magnified by the objective as wel ss eyepiece. The ttl magnifying ower of a compound micrncope heeft, he pprodyct of magnifying power of the objective and the magnifying power of the eyepiece. ‘where M = Total magnification of the compound microscope, M, = Magnifying power of the objective, : M, = Magnifying power of the eyepiece. For example, ifthe value ascribed on the eyepiece is 15 x and that of objective is 10 x, then te total magnification = 15 x 10 = 150x ie, the object is magnified 150 times. The best ‘ompound microscope ean magnify the object upto 1500-2000 times. © scanned with OKEN Scanner© scanned with OKEN Scanner