Table of ASCII Characters

System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Stops a program
abort stdlib.h void abort(void);
abnormally.
Calculates the absolute
abs stdlib.h int abs(int n); value of an integer
argument n.
Calculates the arc cosine
acos math.h double acos(double x);
of x.
Converts the time that is
char *asctime(const struct tm
asctime time.h stored as a structure to a
*time);
character string.
Converts tm that is stored
as a structure to a
char *asctime_r (const struct tm
asctime_r time.h character string.
*tm, char *buf);
(Restartable version of
asctime.)
Calculates the arc sine of
asin math.h double asin(double x);
x.
Prints a diagnostic
message and ends the
assert assert.h void assert(int expression);
program if the expression
is false.
Calculates the arc tangent
atan math.h double atan(double x);
of x.
Calculates the arc tangent
atan2 math.h double atan2(double y, double x);
of y/x.
Registers a function to be
atexit stdlib.h int atexit(void (*func)(void)); called at normal
termination.
Converts string to a
atof stdlib.h double atof(const char *string); double-precision floating-
point value.
Converts string to an
atoi stdlib.h int atoi(const char *string);
integer.
Converts string to a long
atol stdlib.h long int atol(const char *string);
integer.
Performs a binary search
void *bsearch(const void *key, on an array of num
const void *base, size_t num, elements, each of size
bsearch stdlib.h size_t size, int (*compare) (const bytes. The array must be
void *element1, const void sorted in ascending order
*element2)); by the function pointed to
by compare.
stdio.h Determines whether c
btowc wint_t btowc(int c);
wchar.h constitues a valid
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
multibyte character in the
initial shift state.
Reserves storage space for
an array of num elements,
void *calloc(size_t num, size_t
calloc stdlib.h each of size size, and
size);
initializes the values of all
elements to 0.
Closes a previously
catclose6 nl_types.h int catclose (nl_catd catd);
opened message catalog.
char *catgets(nl_catd catd, int Retrieves a message from
catgets6 nl_types.h
set_id, int msg_id, const char *s); an open message catalog.
Opens a message catalog,
nl_catd catopen (const char which must be done
catopen6 nl_types.h
*name, int oflag); before a message can be
retrieved.
Calculates the double
value representing the
ceil math.h double ceil(double x);
smallest integer that is
greater than or equal to x.
Resets the error indicators
clearerr stdio.h void clearerr(FILE *stream); and the end-of-file
indicator for stream.
Returns the processor time
clock time.h clock_t clock(void); that has elapsed since the
job was started.
cos math.h double cos(double x); Calculates the cosine of x.
Calculates the hyperbolic
cosh math.h double cosh(double x);
cosine of x.
Converts time to a
ctime time.h char *ctime(const time_t *time);
character string.
char *ctime64(const time64_t Converts time to a
ctime64 time.h
*time); character string.
Converts time to a
char *ctime_r(const time_t *time, character string.
ctime_r time.h
char *buf); (Restartable version of
ctime.)
Converts time to a
char *ctime64_r(const time64_t character string.
ctime64_r time.h
*time, char *buf); (Restartable version of
ctime64.)
double difftime(time_t time2, Computes the difference
difftime time.h
time_t time1); between time2 and time1.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
double difftime64(time64_t time2, Computes the difference
difftime64 time.h
time64_t time1); between time2 and time1.
Calculates the quotient
div_t div(int numerator, int and remainder of the
div stdlib.h
denominator); division of numerator by
denominator.
Calculates the error
erf math.h double erf(double x);
function of x.
Calculates the error
erfc math.h double erfc(double x); function for large values
of x.
exit stdlib.h void exit(int status); Ends a program normally.
Calculates the exponential
exp math.h double exp(double x); function of a floating-
point argument x.
Calculates the absolute
fabs math.h double fabs(double x); value of a floating-point
argument x.
Closes the specified
fclose stdio.h int fclose(FILE *stream);
stream.
Associates an input or
FILE *fdopen(int handle, const
fdopen5 stdio.h output stream with the file
char *type);
identified by handle.
Tests whether the end-of-
feof stdio.h int feof(FILE *stream); file flag is set for a given
stream.
Tests for an error indicator
ferror stdio.h int ferror(FILE *stream); in reading from or writing
to stream.
Writes the contents of the
fflush1 stdio.h int fflush(FILE *stream); buffer associated with the
output stream.
Reads a single unsigned
fgetc1 stdio.h int fgetc(FILE *stream); character from the input
stream.
Stores the current position
of the file pointer
int fgetpos(FILE *stream, fpos_t
fgetpos1 stdio.h associated with stream
*pos);
into the object pointed to
by pos.
char *fgets(char *string, int n, Reads a string from the
fgets1 stdio.h
FILE *stream); input stream.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Reads the next multibyte
stdio.h character from the input
fgetwc6 wint_t fgetwc(FILE *stream);
wchar.h stream pointed to by
stream.
Reads wide characters
stdio.h wchar_t *fgetws(wchar_t *wcs,
fgetws6 from the stream into the
wchar.h int n, FILE *stream);
array pointed to by wcs.
Determines the file handle
fileno5 stdio.h int fileno(FILE *stream); currently associated with
stream.
Calculates the floating-
point value representing
floor math.h double floor(double x);
the largest integer less
than or equal to x.
Calculates the floating-
fmod math.h double fmod(double x, double y);
point remainder of x/y.
FILE *fopen(const char
fopen stdio.h Opens the specified file.
*filename, const char *mode);
Formats and prints
int fprintf(FILE *stream, const
fprintf stdio.h characters and values to
char *format-string, arg-list);
the output stream.
Prints a character to the
fputc1 stdio.h int fputc(int c, FILE *stream);
output stream.
int fputs(const char *string, FILE Copies a string to the
fputs1 stdio.h
*stream); output stream.
Converts the wide
character wc to a
multibyte character and
stdio.h wint_t fputwc(wchar_t wc, FILE
fputwc6 writes it to the output
wchar.h *stream);
stream pointed to by
stream at the current
position.
Converts the wide-
character string wcs to a
stdio.h int fputws(const wchar_t *wcs,
fputws6 multibyte-character string
wchar.h FILE *stream);
and writes it to stream as a
multibyte character string.
Reads up to count items of
size_t fread(void *buffer, size_t size length from the input
fread stdio.h
size, size_t count, FILE *stream); stream, and stores them in
buffer.
free stdlib.h void free(void *ptr); Frees a block of storage.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
FILE *freopen(const char Closes stream, and
freopen stdio.h *filename, const char *mode, reassigns it to the file
FILE *stream); specified.
Separates a floating-point
double frexp(double x, int
frexp math.h number into its mantissa
*expptr);
and exponent.
Reads data from stream
int fscanf(FILE *stream, const
fscanf stdio.h into locations given by
char *format-string, arg-list);
arg-list.
Changes the current file
int fseek(FILE *stream, long int
fseek1 stdio.h position associated with
offset, int origin);
stream to a new location.
Moves the current file
int fsetpos(FILE *stream, const
fsetpos1 stdio.h position to a new location
fpos_t *pos);
determined by pos.
Gets the current position
ftell1 stdio.h long int ftell(FILE *stream);
of the file pointer.
Determines the orientation
stdio.h int fwide(FILE *stream, int
fwide6 of the stream pointed to by
wchar.h mode);
stream.
Writes output to the
stdio.h int fwprintf(FILE *stream, const
fwprintf6 stream pointed to by
wchar.h wchar_t *format, arg-list);
stream.
size_t fwrite(const void *buffer, Writes up to count items
fwrite stdio.h size_t size,size_t count, FILE of size length from buffer
*stream); to stream.
Reads input from the
stdio.h int fwscanf(FILE *stream, const
fwscanf6 stream pointed to by
wchar.h wchar_t *format, arg-list)
stream.
Computes the Gamma
gamma math.h double gamma(double x);
Function
Reads a single character
getc1 stdio.h int getc(FILE *stream);
from the input stream.
Reads a single character
getchar1 stdio.h int getchar(void);
from stdin.
char *getenv(const char Searches environment
getenv stdlib.h
*varname); variables for varname.
Reads a string from stdin,
gets stdio.h char *gets(char *buffer);
and stores it in buffer.
Reads the next multibyte
stdio.h character from stream,
getwc6 wint_t getwc(FILE *stream);
wchar.h converts it to a wide
character and advances the
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
associated file position
indicator for stream.
Reads the next multibyte
character from stdin,
converts it to a wide
getwchar6 wchar.h wint_t getwchar(void);
character, and advances
the associated file position
indicator for stdin.
struct tm *gmtime(const time_t Converts a time value to a
gmtime time.h
*time); structure of type tm.
struct tm *gmtime64(const Converts a time value to a
gmtime64 time.h
time64_t *time); structure of type tm.
Converts a time value to a
struct tm *gmtime_r (const time_t structure of type tm.
gmtime_r time.h
*time, struct tm *result); (Restartable version of
gmtime.)
Converts a time value to a
struct tm *gmtime64_r (const structure of type tm.
gmtime64_r time.h
time64_t *time, struct tm *result); (Restartable version of
gmtime64.)
Calculates the hypotenuse
double hypot(double side1, double of a right-angled triangle
hypot math.h
side2); with sides of length side1
and side2.
isalnum ctype.h int isalnum(int c); Tests if c is alphanumeric.
isalpha ctype.h int isalpha(int c); Tests if c is alphabetic.
Tests if c is within the 7-
isascii4 ctype.h int isascii(int c);
bit US-ASCII range.
Tests if c is a blank or tab
isblank ctype.h int isblank(int c);
character.
Tests if c is a control
iscntrl ctype.h int iscntrl(int c);
character.
Tests if c is a decimal
isdigit ctype.h int isdigit(int c);
digit.
Tests if c is a printable
isgraph ctype.h int isgraph(int c); character excluding the
space.
Tests if c is a lowercase
islower ctype.h int islower(int c);
letter.
Tests if c is a printable
isprint ctype.h int isprint(int c); character including the
space.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Tests if c is a punctuation
ispunct ctype.h int ispunct(int c);
character.
Tests if c is a whitespace
isspace ctype.h int isspace(int c);
character.
Tests if c is an uppercase
isupper ctype.h int isupper(int c);
letter.
Checks for any
iswalnum4 wctype.h int iswalnum (wint_t wc); alphanumeric wide
character.
Checks for any alphabetic
iswalpha4 wctype.h int iswalpha (wint_t wc);
wide character.
Checks for any blank or
iswblank4 wctype.h int iswblank (wint_t wc);
tab wide character.
Tests for any control wide
iswcntrl4 wctype.h int iswcntrl (wint_t wc);
character.
Determines whether or not
int iswctype(wint_t wc, wctype_t
iswctype4 wctype.h the wide character wc has
wc_prop);
the property wc_prop.
Checks for any decimal-
iswdigit4 wctype.h int iswdigit (wint_t wc);
digit wide character.
Checks for any printing
iswgraph4 wctype.h int iswgraph (wint_t wc); wide character except for
the wide-character space.
Checks for any lowercase
iswlower4 wctype.h int iswlower (wint_t wc);
wide character.
Checks for any printing
iswprint4 wctype.h int iswprint (wint_t wc);
wide character.
Test for a wide non-
iswpunct4 wctype.h int iswpunct (wint_t wc); alphanumeric, non-space
character.
Checks for any wide
character that corresponds
to an implementation-
iswspace4 wctype.h int iswspace (wint_t wc);
defined set of wide
characters for which
iswalnum is false.
Checks for any uppercase
iswupper4 wctype.h int iswupper (wint_t wc);
wide character.
Checks for any
iswxdigit4 wctype.h int iswxdigit (wint_t wc); hexadecimal digit
character.
Tests if c is a hexadecimal
isxdigit4 wctype.h int isxdigit(int c);
digit.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Calculates the Bessel
j0 math.h double j0(double x); function value of the first
kind of order 0.
Calculates the Bessel
j1 math.h double j1(double x); function value of the first
kind of order 1.
Calculates the Bessel
jn math.h double jn(int n, double x); function value of the first
kind of order n.
Calculates the absolute
labs stdlib.h long int labs(long int n);
value of n.
Returns the value of x
ldexp math.h double ldexp(double x, int exp); multiplied by (2 to the
power of exp).
Calculates the quotient
ldiv_t ldiv(long int numerator,
ldiv stdlib.h and remainder of
long int denominator);
numerator/denominator.
Formats numeric
quantities in struct lconv
localeconv locale.h struct lconv *localeconv(void);
according to the current
locale.
struct tm *localtime(const time_t Converts timeval to a
localtime time.h
*timeval); structure of type tm.
struct tm *localtime64(const Converts timeval to a
localtime64 time.h
time64_t *timeval); structure of type tm.
Converts a time value to a
struct tm *localtime_r (const
structure of type tm.
localtime_r time.h time_t *timeval, struct tm
(Restartable version of
*result);
localtime.)
Converts a time value to a
struct tm *localtime64_r (const
structure of type tm.
localtime64_r time.h time64_t *timeval, struct tm
(Restartable version of
*result);
localtime64.)
Calculates the natural
log math.h double log(double x);
logarithm of x.
Calculates the base 10
log10 math.h double log10(double x);
logarithm of x.
Restores a stack
void longjmp(jmp_buf env, int environment previously
longjmp setjmp.h
value); set in env by the setjmp
function.
Reserves a block of
malloc stdlib.h void *malloc(size_t size);
storage.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
int mblen(const char *string, Determines the length of a
mblen stdlib.h
size_t n); multibyte character string.
Determines the length of a
int mbrlen (const char *s, size_t n, multibyte character.
mbrlen4 wchar.h
mbstate_t *ps); (Restartable version of
mblen.)
Convert a multibyte
int mbrtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const character to a wide
mbrtowc4 wchar.h
char *s, size_t n, mbstate_t *ps); character (Restartable
version of mbtowc.)
Test state object *ps for
mbsinit4 wchar.h int mbsinit (const mbstate_t *ps);
initial state.
Convert multibyte string
size_t mbsrtowc (wchar_t *dst,
to a wide character string.
mbsrtowcs4 wchar.h const char **src, size_t len,
(Restartable version of
mbstate_t *ps);
mbstowcs.)
Converts the multibyte
characters in string to their
size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t *pwc,
mbstowcs stdlib.h corresponding wchar_t
const char *string, size_t n);
codes, and stores not more
than n codes in pwc.
Stores the wchar_t code
corresponding to the first
int mbtowc(wchar_t *pwc, const
mbtowc stdlib.h n bytes of multibyte
char *string, size_t n);
character string into the
wchar_t character pwc.
Searches the first count
void *memchr(const void *buf, int bytes of buf for the first
memchr string.h
c, size_t count); occurrence of c converted
to an unsigned character.
int memcmp(const void *buf1, Compares up to count
memcmp string.h
const void *buf2, size_t count); bytes of buf1 and buf2.
void *memcpy(void *dest, const Copies count bytes of src
memcpy string.h
void *src, size_t count); to dest.
Copies count bytes of src
void *memmove(void *dest, const to dest. Allows copying
memmove string.h
void *src, size_t count); between objects that
overlap.
void *memset(void *dest, int c, Sets count bytes of dest to
memset string.h
size_t count); a value c.
Converts local time into
mktime time.h time_t mktime(struct tm *time);
calendar time.
time64_t mktime64(struct tm Converts local time into
mktime64 time.h
*time); calendar time.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Breaks down the floating-
double modf(double x, double point value x into
modf math.h
*intptr); fractional and integral
parts.
Calculates the next
double nextafter(double x, double
nextafter math.h representable value after x
y);
in the direction of y.
Calculates the next
long double nextafterl(long
nextafterl math.h representable value after x
double x, long double y);
in the direction of y.
Calculates the next
double nexttoward(double x, long
nexttoward math.h representable value after x
double y);
in the direction of y.
Calculates the next
long double nexttowardl(long
nexttowardl math.h representable value after x
double x, long double y);
in the direction of y.
Retrieve from the current
locale the string that
nl_langinfo4 langinfo.h char *nl_langinfo(nl_item item); describes the requested
information specified by
item.
Prints an error message to
perror stdio.h void perror(const char *string);
stderr.
Calculates the value x to
pow math.h double pow(double x, double y);
the power y.
Formats and prints
int printf(const char *format-
printf stdio.h characters and values to
string, arg-list);
stdout.
Prints c to the output
putc1 stdio.h int putc(int c, FILE *stream);
stream.
putchar1 stdio.h int putchar(int c); Prints c to stdout.
Sets the value of an
environment variable by
putenv stdlib.h int *putenv(const char *varname); altering an existing
variable or creating a new
one.
puts stdio.h int puts(const char *string); Prints a string to stdout.
Converts the wide
character wc to a
stdio.h wint_t putwchar(wchar_t wc,
putwc6 multibyte character, and
wchar.h FILE *stream);
writes it to the stream at
the current position.
Converts the wide
putwchar6 wchar.h wint_t putwchar(wchar_t wc);
character wc to a
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
multibyte character and
writes it to stdout.
void qsort(void *base, size_t num, Performs a quick sort of
size_t width, int(*compare)(const an array of num elements,
qsort stdlib.h
void *element1, const void each of width bytes in
*element2)); size.
Compute the quantum
_Decimal32
exponent of a single-
quantexpd32 math.h quantized32(_Decimal32 x,
precision decimal floating-
_Decimal32 y);
point value.
Compute the quantum
_Decimal64
exponent of a double-
quantexpd64 math.h quantized64(_Decimal64 x,
precision decimal floating-
_Decimal64 y);
point value.
Compute the quantum
_Decimal128
exponent of a quad-
quantexpd128 math.h quantized128(_Decimal128 x,
precision decimal floating-
_Decimal128 y);
point value.
Set the quantum exponent
of a single-precision
decimal floating-point
quantized32 math.h int quantexpd32(_Decimal32 x); value to the quantum
exponent of another
single-precision decimal
floating-point value.
Set the quantum exponent
of a double-precision
decimal floating-point
quantized64 math.h int quantexpd64(_Decimal64 x); value to the quantum
exponent of another
double-precision decimal
floating-point value.
Set the quantum exponent
of a quad-precision
decimal floating-point
int quantexpd128(_Decimal128
quantized128 math.h value to the quantum
x);
exponent of another quad-
precision decimal floating-
point value.
Determine if the quantum
__bool__
exponents of two single-
samequantumd32 math.h samequantumd32(_Decimal32 x,
precision decimal floating-
_Decimal32 y);
point values are the same.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Determine if the quantum
__bool__
exponents of two double-
samequantumd64 math.h samequantumd64(_Decimal64 x,
precision decimal floating-
_Decimal64 y);
point values are the same.
Determine if the quantum
__bool__
exponents of two quad-
samequantumd128 math.h samequantumd128(_Decimal128
precision decimal floating-
x, _Decimal128 y);
point values are the same.
Sends the signal sig to the
raise signal.h int raise(int sig);
running program.
Returns a pseudo-random
rand stdlib.h int rand(void);
integer.
Returns a pseudo-random
rand_r stdlib.h int rand_r(void); integer. (Restartable
version)
Changes the size of a
void *realloc(void *ptr, size_t
realloc stdlib.h previously reserved
size);
storage block.
Compiles the source
regular expression pointed
int regcomp(regex_t *preg, const to by pattern into an
regcomp regex.h
char *pattern, int cflags); executable version and
stores it in the location
pointed to by preg.
Finds the description for
size_t regerror(int errcode, const
the error code errcode for
regerror regex.h regex_t *preg, char *errbuf, size_t
the regular expression
errbuf_size);
preg.
Compares the null-ended
int regexec(const regex_t *preg, string string against the
regexec regex.h const char *string, size_t nmatch, compiled regular
regmatch_t *pmatch, int eflags); expression preg to find a
match between the two.
Frees any memory that
was allocated by regcomp
regfree regex.h void regfree(regex_t *preg);
to implement the regular
expression preg.
Deletes the file specified
remove stdio.h int remove(const char *filename);
by filename.
int rename(const char *oldname, Renames the specified
rename stdio.h
const char *newname); file.
Repositions the file
rewind1 stdio.h void rewind(FILE *stream);
pointer associated with
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
stream to the beginning of
the file.
int scanf(const char *format- Reads data from stdin into
scanf stdio.h
string, arg-list); locations given by arg-list.
void setbuf(FILE *stream, char Controls buffering for
setbuf stdio.h
*buffer); stream.
Saves a stack environment
setjmp setjmp.h int setjmp(jmp_buf env); that can be subsequently
restored by longjmp.
Changes or queries
char *setlocale(int category, const
setlocale locale.h variables defined in the
char *locale);
locale.
int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char Controls buffering and
setvbuf stdio.h
*buf, int type, size_t size); buffer size for stream.
void(*signal (int sig, Registers func as a signal
signal signal.h
void(*func)(int))) (int); handler for the signal sig.
sin math.h double sin(double x); Calculates the sine of x.
Calculates the hyperbolic
sinh math.h double sinh(double x);
sine of x.
Same as sprintf except that
int snprintf(char *outbuf, size_t n, the function will stop after
snprintf stdio.h
const char*, ...) n characters have been
written to outbuf.
Formats and stores
int sprintf(char *buffer, const char
sprintf stdio.h characters and values in
*format-string, arg-list);
buffer.
Calculates the square root
sqrt math.h double sqrt(double x);
of x.
Sets the seed for the
srand stdlib.h void srand(unsigned int seed); pseudo-random number
generator.
Reads data from buffer
int sscanf(const char *buffer,
sscanf stdio.h into the locations given by
const char *format, arg-list);
arg-list.
int srtcasecmp(const char Compares strings without
strcasecmp strings.h
*string1, const char *string2); case sensitivity.
char *strcat(char *string1, const Concatenates string2 to
strcat string.h
char *string2); string1.
char *strchr(const char *string, int Locates the first
strchr string.h
c); occurrence of c in string.
int strcmp(const char *string1, Compares the value of
strcmp string.h
const char *string2); string1 to string2.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Compares two strings
int strcoll(const char *string1, using the collating
strcoll string.h
const char *string2); sequence in the current
locale.
char *strcpy(char *string1, const Copies string2 into
strcpy string.h
char *string2); string1.
Returns the length of the
size_t strcspn(const char *string1, initial substring of string1
strcspn string.h
const char *string2); consisting of characters
not contained in string2.
Maps the error number in
strerror string.h char *strerror(int errnum); errnum to an error
message string.
int strfmon (char *s, size_t Converts monetary value
strfmon4 wchar.h
maxsize, const char *format, ...); to string.
Stores characters in an
size_t strftime (char *dest, size_t
array pointed to by dest,
strftime time.h maxsize, const char *format, const
according to the string
struct tm *timeptr);
determined by format.
Calculates the length of
strlen string.h size_t strlen(const char *string);
string.
int strncasecmp(const char
Compares strings without
strncasecmp strings.h *string1, const char *string2,
case sensitivity.
size_t count);
Concatenates up to count
char *strncat(char *string1, const
strncat string.h characters of string2 to
char *string2, size_t count);
string1.
Compares up to count
int strncmp(const char *string1,
strncmp string.h characters of string1 and
const char *string2, size_t count);
string2.
Copies up to count
char *strncpy(char *string1, const
strncpy string.h characters of string2 to
char *string2, size_t count);
string1.
Locates the first
char *strpbrk(const char *string1,
strpbrk string.h occurrence in string1 of
const char *string2);
any character in string2.
char *strptime (const char *buf,
strptime4 time.h const char *format, struct tm Date and time conversion
*tm);
char *strrchr(const char *string, Locates the last
strrchr string.h
int c); occurrence of c in string.
size_t strspn(const char *string1, Returns the length of the
strspn string.h
const char *string2); initial substring of string1
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
consisting of characters
contained in string2.
Returns a pointer to the
char *strstr(const char *string1,
strstr string.h first occurrence of string2
const char *string2);
in string1.
double strtod(const char *nptr, Converts nptr to a double
strtod stdlib.h
char **endptr); precision value.
Converts nptr to a single-
_Decimal32 strtod32(const char
strtod32 stdlib.h precision decimal floating-
*nptr, char **endptr);
point value.
Converts nptr to a double-
_Decimal64 strtod64(const char
strtod64 stdlib.h precision decimal floating-
*nptr, char **endptr);
point value.
Converts nptr to a quad-
_Decimal128 strtod128(const char
strtod128 stdlib.h precision decimal floating-
*nptr, char **endptr);
point value.
float strtof(const char *nptr, char Converts nptr to a float
strtof stdlib.h
**endptr); value.
Locates the next token in
char *strtok(char *string1, const
strtok string.h string1 delimited by the
char *string2);
next character in string2.
Locates the next token in
string delimited by the
char *strtok_r(char *string, const
strtok_r string.h next character in seps.
char *seps, char **lasts);
(Restartable version of
strtok.)
long int strtol(const char *nptr, Converts nptr to a signed
strtol stdlib.h
char **endptr, int base); long integer.
long double strtold(const char Converts nptr to a long
strtold stdlib.h
*nptr, char **endptr); double value.
unsigned long int strtoul(const
Converts string1 to an
strtoul stdlib.h char *string1, char **string2, int
unsigned long integer.
base);
Converts string2 and
places the result in string1.
size_t strxfrm(char *string1, const
strxfrm string.h The conversion is
char *string2, size_t count);
determined by the
program's current locale.
Formats and stores a series
int swprintf(wchar_t *wcsbuffer,
of wide characters and
swprintf wchar.h size_t n, const wchar_t *format,
values into the wide-
arg-list);
character buffer wcsbuffer.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
int swscanf (const wchar_t Reads data from buffer
swscanf wchar.h *buffer, const wchar_t *format, into the locations given by
arg-list) arg-list.
Passes string to the system
system stdlib.h int system(const char *string);
command analyzer.
Calculates the tangent of
tan math.h double tan(double x);
x.
Calculates the hyperbolic
tanh math.h double tanh(double x);
tangent of x.
Returns the current
time time.h time_t time(time_t *timeptr);
calendar time.
time64_t time64(time64_t Returns the current
time64 time.h
*timeptr); calendar time.
Creates a temporary
tmpfile stdio.h FILE *tmpfile(void);
binary file and opens it.
Generates a temporary file
tmpnam stdio.h char *tmpnam(char *string);
name.
Converts c to a character
toascii ctype.h int toascii(int c); in the 7-bit US-ASCII
character set.
tolower ctype.h int tolower(int c); Converts c to lowercase.
toupper ctype.h int toupper(int c); Converts c to uppercase.
Translates the wide
wint_t towctrans(wint_t wc, character wc based on the
towctrans wctype.h
wctrans_t desc); mapping described by
desc.
Converts uppercase letter
towlower4 wctype.h wint_t towlower (wint_t wc);
to lowercase letter.
Converts lowercase letter
towupper4 wctype.h wint_t towupper (wint_t wc);
to uppercase letter.
Pushes c back onto the
ungetc1 stdio.h int ungetc(int c, FILE *stream);
input stream.
Pushes the wide character
stdio.h wint_t ungetwc(wint_t wc, FILE
ungetwc6 wc back onto the input
wchar.h *stream);
stream.
Returns the value of one
var_type va_arg(va_list arg_ptr, argument and modifies
va_arg stdarg.h
var_type); arg_ptr to point to the
next argument.
void va_copy(va_list dest, va_list Initializes dest as a copy
va_copy stdarg.h
src); of src.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Facilitates normal return
va_end stdarg.h void va_end(va_list arg_ptr); from variable argument
list processing.
Initializes arg_ptr for
void va_start(va_list arg_ptr,
va_start stdarg.h subsequent use by va_arg
variable_name);
and va_end.
Formats and prints
stdio.h int vfprintf(FILE *stream, const characters to the output
vfprintf
stdarg.h char *format, va_list arg_ptr); stream using a variable
number of arguments.
Reads data from a
specified stream into
stdio.h int vfscanf(FILE *stream, const
vfscanf locations given by a
stdarg.h char *format, va_list arg_ptr);
variable number of
arguments.
Equivalent to fwprintf,
stdarg.h
int vfwprintf(FILE *stream, const except that the variable
vfwprintf6 stdio.h
wchar_t *format, va_list arg); argument list is replaced
wchar.h
by arg.
Reads wide data from a
specified stream into
stdio.h int vfwscanf(FILE *stream, const
vfwscanf locations given by a
stdarg.h wchar_t *format, va_list arg_ptr);
variable number of
arguments.
Formats and prints
stdio.h int vprintf(const char *format, characters to stdout using
vprintf
stdarg.h va_list arg_ptr); a variable number of
arguments.
Reads data from stdin into
stdio.h int vscanf(const char *format, locations given by a
vscanf
stdarg.h va_list arg_ptr); variable number of
arguments.
Formats and stores
int vsprintf(char *target-string,
stdio.h characters in a buffer
vsprintf const char *format, va_list
stdarg.h using a variable number of
arg_ptr);
arguments.
Same as vsprintf except
int vsnprintf(char *outbuf, size_t that the function will stop
vsnprintf stdio.h
n, const char*, va_list); after n characters have
been written to outbuf.
Reads data from a buffer
int vsscanf(const char*buffer,
stdio.h into locations given by a
vsscanf const char *format, va_list
stdarg.h variable number of
arg_ptr);
arguments.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Formats and stores a series
int vswprintf(wchar_t *wcsbuffer,
stdarg.h of wide characters and
vswprintf size_t n, const wchar_t *format,
wchar.h values in the buffer
va_list arg);
wcsbuffer.
Reads wide data from a
int vswscanf(const wchar_t
stdio.h buffer into locations given
vswscanf *buffer, const wchar_t *format,
wchar.h by a variable number of
va_list arg_ptr);
arguments.
Equivalent to wprintf,
stdarg.h int vwprintf(const wchar_t except that the variable
vwprintf6
wchar.h *format, va_list arg); argument list is replaced
by arg.
Reads wide data from
stdio.h int vwscanf(const wchar_t stdin into locations given
vwscanf
wchar.h *format, va_list arg_ptr); by a variable number of
arguments.
Converts a wide character
int wcrtomb (char *s, wchar_t to a multibyte character.
wcrtomb4 wchar.h
wchar, mbstate_t *pss); (Restartable version of
wctomb.)
Appends a copy of the
string pointed to by
wchar_t *wcscat(wchar_t
wcscat wchar.h string2 to the end of the
*string1, const wchar_t *string2);
string pointed to by
string1.
Searches the wide-
wchar_t *wcschr(const wchar_t character string pointed to
wcschr wchar.h
*string, wchar_t character); by string for the
occurrence of character.
Compares two wide-
int wcscmp(const wchar_t
wcscmp wchar.h character strings, *string1
*string1, const wchar_t *string2);
and *string2.
Compares two wide-
int wcscoll (const wchar_t *wcs1, character strings using the
wcscoll4 wchar.h
const wchar_t *wcs2); collating sequence in the
current locale.
Copies the contents of
wchar_t *wcscpy(wchar_t *string2 (including the
wcscpy wchar.h
*string1, const wchar_t *string2); ending wchar_t null
character) into *string1.
Determines the number of
size_t wcscspn(const wchar_t wchar_t characters in the
wcscspn wchar.h
*string1, const wchar_t *string2); initial segment of the
string pointed to by
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
*string1 that do not appear
in the string pointed to by
*string2.
Converts the time and date
size_t wcsftime(wchar_t *wdest,
specification in the timeptr
wcsftime wchar.h size_t maxsize, const wchar_t
structure into a wide-
*format, const struct tm *timeptr);
character string.
Computes the number of
size_t wcslen(const wchar_t
wcslen wchar.h wide-characters in the
*string);
string pointed to by string.
Formats numeric
struct wcslconv quantities in struct
wcslocaleconv locale.h
*wcslocaleconv(void); wcslconv according to the
current locale.
Appends up to count wide
wchar_t *wcsncat(wchar_t characters from string2 to
wcsncat wchar.h *string1, const wchar_t *string2, the end of string1, and
size_t count); appends a wchar_t null
character to the result.
int wcsncmp(const wchar_t Compares up to count
wcsncmp wchar.h *string1, const wchar_t *string2, wide characters in string1
size_t count); to string2.
wchar_t *wcsncpy(wchar_t Copies up to count wide
wcsncpy wchar.h *string1, const wchar_t *string2, characters from string2 to
size_t count); string1.
Locates the first
occurrence in the string
wchar_t *wcspbrk(const wchar_t pointed to by string1 of
wcspbrk wchar.h
*string1, const wchar_t *string2); any wide characters from
the string pointed to by
string2.
Date and time conversion.
wchar_t *wcsptime ( const
Equivalent to strptime(),
wcsptime wchar.h wchar_t *buf, const wchar_t
except that it uses wide
*format, struct tm *tm );
characters.
Locates the last
wchar_t *wcsrchr(const wchar_t occurrence of character in
wcsrchr wchar.h
*string, wchar_t character); the string pointed to by
string.
Converts wide character
size_t wcsrtombs (char *dst, const
string to multibyte string.
wcsrtombs4 wchar.h wchar_t **src, size_t len,
(Restartable version of
mbstate_t *ps);
wcstombs.)
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Computes the number of
wide characters in the
initial segment of the
size_t wcsspn(const wchar_t string pointed to by
wcsspn wchar.h
*string1, const wchar_t *string2); string1, which consists
entirely of wide characters
from the string pointed to
by string2.
Locates the first
wchar_t *wcsstr(const wchar_t
wcsstr wchar.h occurrence of wcs2 in
*wcs1, const wchar_t *wcs2);
wcs1.
Converts the initial portion
double wcstod(const wchar_t of the wide-character
wcstod wchar.h
*nptr, wchar_t **endptr); string pointed to by nptr to
a double value.
Converts the initial portion
of the wide-character
_Decimal32 wcstod32(const
wcstod32 wchar.h string pointed to by nptr to
wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr);
a single-precision decimal
floating-point value.
Converts the initial portion
of the wide-character
_Decimal64 wcstod64(const string pointed to by nptr to
wcstod64 wchar.h
wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr); a double-precision
decimal floating-point
value.
Converts the initial portion
of the wide-character
_Decimal128 wcstod128(const
wcstod128 wchar.h string pointed to by nptr to
wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr);
a quad-precision decimal
floating-point value.
Converts the initial portion
float wcstof(const wchar_t *nptr, of the wide-character
wcstof wchar.h
wchar_t **endptr); string pointed to by nptr to
a float value.
Breaks wcs1 into a
sequence of tokens, each
wchar_t *wcstok(wchar_t *wcs1,
of which is delimited by a
wcstok wchar.h const wchar_t *wcs2, wchar_t
wide character from the
**ptr)
wide string pointed to by
wcs2.
Converts the initial portion
long int wcstol(const wchar_t
of the wide-character
wcstol wchar.h *nptr, wchar_t **endptr, int
string pointed to by nptr to
base);
a long integer value.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Converts the initial portion
long double wcstold(const of the wide-character
wcstold wchar.h
wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr); string pointed to by nptr to
a long double value.
Converts the wchar_t
size_t wcstombs(char *dest, const
wcstombs stdlib.h string into a multibyte
wchar_t *string, size_t count);
string dest.
Converts the initial portion
unsigned long int wcstoul(const of the wide-character
wcstoul wchar.h wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr, string pointed to by nptr to
int base); an unsigned long integer
value.
Transforms a wide-
character string to values
which represent character
size_t wcsxfrm (wchar_t *wcs1,
wcsxfrm4 wchar.h collating weights and
const wchar_t *wcs2, size_t n);
places the resulting wide-
character string into an
array.
Determines whether wc
corresponds to a member
of the extended character
stdarg.h
wctob int wctob(wint_t wc); set whose multibyte
wchar.h
character representation is
a single byte when in the
initial shift state.
Converts the wchar_t
int wctomb(char *string, wchar_t
wctomb stdlib.h value of character into a
character);
multibyte string.
Constructs a value with
type wctrans_t that
wctrans_t wctrans(const char describes a mapping
wctrans wctype.h
*property); between wide characters
identified by the string
argument property.
Obtains handle for
wctype_t wctype (const char
wctype4 wchar.h character property
*property);
classification.
Determine the display
int wcswidth(const wchar_t
wcwidth wchar.h width of a wide character
*pwcs, size_t n);
string.
Locates the first
wchar_t *wmemchr(const wchar_t occurrence of c in the
wmemchr wchar.h
*s, wchar_t c, size_t n); initial n wide characters of
the object pointed to by s.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Compares the first n wide
characters of the object
int wmemcmp(const wchar_t *s1,
wmemcmp wchar.h pointed to by s1 to the first
const wchar_t *s2, size_t n);
n characters of the object
pointed to by s2.
Copies n wide characters
wchar_t *wmemcpy(wchar_t *s1, from the object pointed to
wmemcpy wchar.h
const wchar_t *s2, size_t n); by s2 to the object pointed
to by s1.
Copies n wide characters
wchar_t *wmemmove(wchar_t from the object pointed to
wmemmove wchar.h
*s1, const wchar_t *s2, size_t n); by s2 to the object pointed
to by s1.
Copies the value of c into
wchar_t *wmemset(wchar_t *s, each of the first n wide
wmemset wchar.h
wchar_t c, size_t n); characters of the object
pointed to by s.
Equivalent to fwprintf
int wprintf(const wchar_t *format, with the argument stdout
wprintf6 wchar.h
arg-list); interposed before the
arguments to wprintf.
Equivalent to fwscanf with
int wscanf(const wchar_t *format, the argument stdin
wscanf6 wchar.h
arg-list); interposed before the
arguments of wscanf.
Calculates the Bessel
y0 math.h double y0(double x); function value of the
second kind of order 0.
Calculates the Bessel
y1 math.h double y1(double x); function value of the
second kind of order 1.
Calculates the Bessel
yn math.h double yn(int n, double x); function value of the
second kind of order n.