38 Often the same future event can be described in different ways: Y The shop closes at 3 pm tomorrow. Y The shop is closing at 3 pm tomorrow. ¥ The shop will close at 3pm tomorrow. The shop is going to close at 3 pm tomorrow. Which way you choose to describe something depends on a number of things: + Function (For example do you want to express a request, a promise or an offer?) + How you see the future event/situation. (For example, if you see a future event as a fixed event that cannot be changed, the present simple may be appropriate.) * Level of formalty (willis usually more formal than be going to) In the tables below are the main uses of wil be going to, etc forthe future. Predictions. It looks as if Jake will lose his job. | Future facts The factory will open in July Decisions made at the moment of speaking. | | know! Ml ask for a pay rise tomorrow. Otters (1 help you with the advertising campaign. Promises | promise you you won't lose your job. Requests | Will you give a presentation on the sales figures? Refusals (won't) | No, I won't give a presentation on the sales figures. B - For offers and suggestions in the question form, with /and we, we use shal not wil, Y Shall help you wth the advertising campaign? (ofer) : Y Shall we discuss ths inthe morning? (suggestion) + For requests, we can also use would, could or can, Would and could are more pote than will and can. ¥ Would/Could/Can you give a presentation on the sales figures? + For refusals, we can also use could or cant. Couid'tis more pote than won't and cat. 1 No, | couidn't/can't give a presentation onthe sales figures. SS vs EE Grammar In British English, shall is sometimes used with / and we in place of will. Lil bein touch again soon. Predictions based on present evidence | Look at that wall It looks as ifs going to fall down, Intentions {Im going to get my degree, then get a wel'paid job. bee ud Arrangements ‘Tm meeting Fiona on Friday to discuss the adverbsing campaign, ] Intentions ‘fm asking fora pay rise tomorrow | Both be going to and present continuous can be used for intentions. However, present continuous is nat usualy used {or intentions in the distant future. : ¥ I'm going to work for a really successful company one day. x tFuture time Unit S Fixed future events The shop closes at 3 pm next Saturday {eg timetables and schedules) Future perfect simple ‘Completed situations before a certain time Continuing situations up to a certain time It looks as if Jake will have lost his job by the end of the week This time next month, Ml have worked at the company for exactly 25 years. Ginnie. eda kecu a ‘Continuing situations up toa certaintime | This time next month, ll have been working at the company for exactly emphasises duration) 25 years. ‘Situations in progress ata certain time | This time next week I'l be travelling round Russia on business. inthe future Situations which will happen in the future ‘The company Chairperson will be arriving on Thursday. in the normal course of events Habits or repeated actions at a point | think that, in the future, more and more people will be commuting to work in the future by plane. Mey After many time words and phrases, such as when, while, once, as soon as, etc, we do nat use will or be going to. We use: present simple ¥ Ml give you a pay rise when you start working harder! present continuous ¥ Iilgive you a pay rise once you're bringing in three new customers a week. present perfect simple Il give you a pay rise as soon as you've proved you're a hard worker. present perfect continuous | won't give you a pay rise until you've been working here for three years. Ce PR RR be (ust) about to for the (very) near future {'m just about to ask for my pay rise, bbe (ust) on the pomt/verge of for the (very) near future ''m just on the point/verge of asking for my pay rise. be due to for formal arrangements ''m due to meet my boss at eleven o'clock. be to do for obligations You're to get those reports writen before Friday! for formal announcements |The factory is to open in July. ‘ther modals to express certainty, | might ask for a pay rise tomorrow. L {see Unit 9 for more information) | possiblity, etc | Future in the past I ‘When we look back at what was the future once, we usually make the future verb forms past. Will becomes would, is going to become was going fo, etc. Tenses such as present simple also change, by going back one tens. 1 will > would | Then: hin the factory wil pen in September. | Now: J thought the factory would open in September. present simple —» past simple | Then: 'm in a rush because the train leaves at 4. ‘Now: I was in a rush because the train left at 4. 39Unit 5 40 Grommar A Circle the correct word or phrase. If both are correct, circle both. 1 Sonia looks like she's falling / going to f 2 When | leave school, 'm being / going to he a journalist asleep any minute! 3 When Jake's got his degree, he’s going / going to go to drama school for a year. 4 Watch out or you're getting / going to get into trouble! 5 When are they realising / going to realise that they have to improve their customer service? 6 When are you opening / going to open a branch in Littlehampton? 7 It sounds like we're not having / going to have a sales conference this year. 8 | think house prices are falling / going to fall in about six months. 9 Why is Tony applying / going to apply for that position? He's not qualfied at all. 10 We're discussing / going to discuss ths in detail in the next meeting. 11 Im pretty sure that building's being / going to be knocked down next week. 12 There's no doubt the events of the last few days are being / going to be written about by future historians. 13 You're not handing / going to hand in your resignation tomorrow, are you? 14 Fiona and Jerry aren't becoming / going to become arrogent when they release their CD, are they? 15 The airline industry's having / going to have to cut costs in the near future. ‘The Prime Minister wil What time does your plane arri is. oonene ‘Idon't fee! well at all ‘Are _you going to / Will you be sick?” 7 The last bus leaves / is leaving at midnight. 8 Karen, shall / will | give you a hand with that report? Circle the correct word or phrase. If both are correct, circle both. | can't come to the beach this weekend, I'm afraid, as we'll visit / we're visiting my grandparents. wer / is answering all of your questions in due course. ur plane arriving? iLook / I'm looking after the neighbours’ kids tomorrow evening so | can't come bowing. ‘Shall / Will we move on to the next item on the agenda now? 9 I'm afraid I'm not having / | won't have time to finish all this work today. 10 When does she / is she going to get round to having new business cards printed? C Write a short phrase ig will, be going to, present simple or present continuous on the line to complete each sentence. If more than one form is correct, write all possibilities. 1 (1/come) into the office on Saturday morning if 8 you like, Pete. 9.12880. comme. 2 Carol, (you / show) Harry how to use the 9 photocopier, please? AN). sap... Snese, 3. From the look of things, (it / snow) later today 10 RSs... gphiny. he. SRO: 4 Hurry up! (We / miss) the ferry! u We..08...apiongy da.cmnish 5 (The winner / announce) on 14" January. 12 sna AOR. WORE, ASR. 6 I can't come in to work this morning because 7 {1/ go) to the doctor's. ..Sien.. Apion. 2... 7 Don't worry! (They / sack) anyone for at least Sik Months... hay... QBN. SARS, (Jenny / find) a job easily when she graduates? Bs. Senig,.9g:.09, A. ier No, lm afraid (1 / be) at the meeting tomorrow. A..na.0m df (The new version / launch) in the spring. By... matad....aNSKAM..3S...gpiong. de. aarench (1/ order) a pizza, shall ? SA erda. It looks like (some people / make) redundant auite soon, : Senms.. pha. cma, What time (the train / leave) on Saturday? doo. oink. Laan, frit he Dodm LowsBIEN D Future time Unit 5 If the phrase in bold so that the sentence correct, put a tick. If it is incorrect, write the correct form on the li in the future perfect. | think we'll have sold out of these by the end of the day. Ma On Tuesday, Toby will have been being with the company for exactly 35 years, w We'll have been becoming the market leader by the end of the summer. Wel). Pane. .Ooeam Levcoms, At the end of the summer, Ill have taking the same train to work every morning for 15 years. YA Danas... dose. ta Ri 5. When we meet tomorrow affernoon, wi AsDO. agg. 6 You'll have driven for hours without a break when we get there, so you'll need a rest before we go out. Yoss.£0,.Srooen..Bamn drivima, Rene jou already have a chance to look at the sales figures? 7 AManaging Director will have appointed by the end of the month. M. 8 Sandra won't have been finished the reports by then, but she should at least have started. saaocn Bamod 9 Ron's going to be very surprised when he hears the news. He definitely will have been expecting it. aot dhanss Sack 10 Will you have managed to put something down in writing by the end of the day? Vi€0...pas. Dron basen wnt 11. Why will they have been waiting for hours? | thought you'd told them we were going to leave later. 12. It sounds like the invitations won't all have delivering by next Friday. .soee't. 009. Chasse. dudivers oh E Write the verb in brackets in the correct form (future perfect simple, future perfect continuous F Complete each second sentence so that it has a sit or future continuous) in each gap. If more than one form is correct, wri 1 By the end of today Ea, ssh 20, nase. o.p egies. (Ed / apply) for over 17 jobs! 2 This time next year SOR Rofl te AMafumia (1 / hopefully / run} my own business. 3_Inthree days’ time nse 2h. ean Owe / live) here for exactly two years. all the possibilities. 4Germmmm. asi0 Sronss, heady / arrive) by the time we get there? 5 Year 29... troneadbims... (you / travel) all day, will you? Surely CW Qronse. seam. (you / have) several stops on the way, wor't you? Mada... ids (we / wait) for you at reception when you arrive. 7 tthe end ofthis sponsored jumpathon, 109.0. 94.0p2a..ss822. ons {1000 people / jump) up and down on the spot non-stop for 48 hours! yum pit, 8th. S43 Roa. Shaiiend... (the boys / sign) autographs all morning\so they'll need a couple of hours’ break before the reCording session, 9 How many people .i00....y04s,..0oe..msnas*|youry interview) for the position tomorrow? 10 woaen't..Dronsa..82%n, (Terry / see) the email as he's only just got here so we'd better discuss that first. 11 What... x22. rou 290. oima,...(you / do) this time next week? 12 MkL.rs90m'S. Sronsd Loan... (we / see) Ken and Tricia when we go to the States as they! be away at the time, unfortunately, Seaimroy ilar meaning to the first sentence. 1 The bell wll ring and then you can all go home. You can all go home when... 99921. Dons rm 2 Ahmed will ask the questions and I'l take notes. FHiltake notes while ... Mromsd...asil®..O2. asking. quasi oms, 3 You're @ trainee for three months and then you become a junior employee. You become a junior employee once ...gganhh Rasen... Amin pomemis 41———————— eee Unit 5. Grammar 42 4 Miss Jones willbe interviewing the candidates and Mr Dawkins will be recording the interviews. Miss Jones will be interviewing the candidates whilet\n.{..,usi6f.ox_racamdion.o, Mr. demrousanos 5. The sales figures will come in and then welll assess the situation again Welll assess the situation again as .. Ana. cass. Sones. wil Dome come im 6 Work for us for over a year and we'll consider promoting you. Well only consider promoting you once .agou!'20 ows. seam. AvanKino hor 10s Lor Ome tytar 7 They/l start selling in much larger quantities and then they! make a profit. They won't make a profit until .Ahary!20..Qo4..shasibion,.. Go. Bet ireas Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1. Shona will find out if she has been promoted very soon, just SOMA oo ARM... SASN. find out if she has been promoted. 2. They will decide very soon whether to close the Paris office. point They .on...2n.eovink. SR.da ciclimg,. whether to close the Paris office. 3. The plan is that | will give a presentation to the board on Friday morning. due 1 a presentation to the board on Friday morning. 4 Are you going home in a minute? about Are you ......00s Ouch... $0.50 home? 5 Actually, there won't be a general election for a while. verge Actually, we ..anams...00...8he. Yang... a general election. 6 What time do the inspectors arrive tomorrow? due What time D3. BAB... A SNEAKS tomorrow? 7 Moco tis asec. You are ..... MO... cORowoad....,o..Laf0... anyone about this,a aaa ae ee Future time Unit 5 Write one word in each gap. 1 The company.......4S. ‘going to expand, but the economic downturn has put a stop to that. 2 No one had any idea that Dave ...ys0... resign the next day. 3. We were all standing around in front of the TV, knowing that the Minister statement on the emergency in the next few minutes. Anns... to make a 4 Ann ...Snovs....to find the documents soon, or her boss would find out she'd misiaid them, 5.20... YOu going to apply for the post before you heard it had already been fled? 6 3S, Bil on a business trip the next day anyway, or did he have to pack a suitcase and get a pBne wolet atthe ast inte? 7 You're lucky you caught me. | ......9@°S....... just on the point of leaving. 8 We due to arrive at six, so I left a message saying we ..us2S... be there at nine. 9 I think they ....aK2M%.... about to fire me when | quit! 10 Thompson understood the cryptic message. He was get to Berlin on the first fight. J. Write one word in each gap. The office of the future What (1) usd the office of 2020 be like? By then, i's highly kely that most of the western world will (2)... Nuouts.s... been connected to a WiFi network. As (3)..S0%....... as that (ihe genens , the physical restriction of phone lines (5) ....x34Q..... disappear. Some people will (6) ..> have to commute to the office each day, but for many others their office will (7).....2¢....... wherever they are, More and more people willbe (8) from home several days a week. It's no exaggeration to say that many businessmen and women will (9) ......2a4...... sending e-mails and (10) .. mos... business. with clients (11) sola... they (12)....)ys5‘.... lying on a beach or fying across the Atiantic. In terms of technology, mobile phones and laptops will have (13) even more lightweight and portable than they are now, and many new pieces of communication technology will have (14) 642.00... introduced to make our working lives easier. Indeed, (15) 2020, i's quite possible that your mobile, camera, laptop and MP3 player will have been combined ‘one very small, but | extremely powerful, business communications unit, | K Choose the correct answer. 1 We are pleased to announce that Keith Danish 5 to the Finance Manager or the replace Susan Williams as Operations Manager from 24M September. Adoes Cisto Bis about to Dis due 21 Penny for her advice, but m not ‘so sure that’s such a good idea now. ‘Adam going to ask C was asking (Bwas going to ask will ask 3. Once broadband, you won't want to go back to a dial-up connection. Ayou'llbe using C you've been used B you'll have used you've used 4 find out more about the costs before we make a final decision? ADo! ©hall| Bwilll D Am | due to ‘Accounts Manager? ‘AWill you be reporting C Shall you be reporting BWill you have been @bAre you on the verge reporting, of reporting 6 This time tomorrow, Barry will across the Pacific for exactly three months. Abe rowing & rowing B have rowed lave been rowing, 7 When treating me with some respect at work? will they have started C are they starting are they going to start D will they be starting 8 Were you really just on the point 2 of resigning C with resignation to resign D of having resigned 43