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GD INT
NATIONAL APPLICATION PUBL
D UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
World Intellectual Property >
era Z AAO A
International Burau
ional Publication Number
2 (10) Interna
05 March 2020 (05.03.2020) = WIPO| PCT ean
(1) International Patent Classificato
ABI 9/10 2006.01) AGIK 47726 (2006.01)
AOIK 31/167 (2006.01)
21) International Application Number:
PCT/EPDOIMOTZNAS
International
ing Date:
22 August 2019 (22.08.2019)
(25) Filing Language: English
(26) Publicatio
Language: English
G0) Priority Data:
62723,561 28 August 2018 (28.08.2018) US
(71) Applicant: GSK CONSUMER HEALTHCARE S.A.
[CH/CH; Rowe de L'Etaz, 1197 Prangins (CH),
(72) Inventors: CAVINATO, Mauro; GSK Consumer Health-
care S.A., Route de 'Btraz 2, Case postale 1279, 1260 Ny-
on 1 (Cit). GEROLA, Karin; GSK Consumer Healthcare
8.A., Route de Maz 2, Case postale 1279, 1260 Nyon |
Ch.
(74) Agent: MORRIS, Miriam, Elizabeth; GlaxoSmithKline,
Global Patents (CN925.1), 980 Great West Road, Brentford
Middlesex TW8 9GS (GB).
(81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated. for every
Kind of national protection available): AE, AG. AL, AM,
AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY. BZ,
CA.CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DI, DK, DM, DO,
DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, Fl, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN,
HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, 1S, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP.
KR|KW,KZ,LA,LC,LK,LR.LS, LU. LY, MA, MD. ME,
MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY. MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ,
OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA,
SC, SD, SE, 8G, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TI, TM, TN,
TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.
(84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated. for every
ind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH,
GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST. $Z.1Z,
UG, 2M, ZW), Enmasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TI,
TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK,
EE, ES, Fl, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, 1S, IT, LT, LU, LV,
MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM,
TR), OAPI (BF, BI, CF, CG, Cl, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW,
KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG),
Published:
— With intemational search report (Art. 21(3)
(G8) Title: PARACETAMOL LIQUID SUSPENSIONS,
(87) Abstract: The present invention relates o pharmaceutical liquid suspensions suitable for oral administration, More specifically
the present invention relates to pharmaceutical liquid suspensions containing paracetamol wherein the suspensions are formulated with
‘paracetamol particles having adS0 of ess than or equal to 1am and a0 of less than or equal to 35jum such that browning discoloration
is reduced during prolonged storage10
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PARACETAMOL LIQUID SUSPENSIONS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to pharmaceutical liquid suspensions suitable for oral
administration. More specifically, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical liquid
suspensions containing N-acetyp-aminophenol, known by the generic names
paracetamol, acetaminophen and APAP (hereinafter referred to as paracetamol). In
particular, the invention relates to paracetamol liquid suspensions that are formulated with
paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 10m and a d90 of less than or
equal to 35m such that browning discoloration is reduced during prolonged storage,
compared with paracetamol liquid suspensions that are formulated with paracetamol
particles having larger average particle sizes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Paracetamol is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug that has been
available in many countries for more than 40 years. A wealth of experience clearly
establishes it as the standard antipyretic and analgesic for mild to moderate pain states.
Paracetamol is available in many countries for non-prescription over-the-counter sale in
conventional orally administered dosage forms, including solid forms, such as, capsules,
caplets, gel caps, or tablets, and liquid forms, such as, solutions, e.g., syrups and elixirs,
emulsions, or suspensions.
Medicaments administered in solid form are usually intended to be swallowed
whole. However, children, and some adults, including disabled or incapacitated patients,
have trouble swallowing solid dosage forms even if the tablet or capsule is very small.
Chewable tablets are an option as well, but are unacceptable if the active pharmaceutical
ingredient (API) has a disagreeable taste. For many patients, including pediatric and
geriatric patients, a liquid oral dosage form is preferable over chewable dosage form
because of the ready swallowability without chewing of the liquid dosage form. Liquid
dosage forms can be either syrups or suspensions.
Liquid suspensions are a two-phase system having solid, poorly water-soluble API
particles, dispersed throughout liquid medium. In a suspension, the API does not dissolve,
or dissolves to a limited extent, in the liquid medium and therefore, remains intact in the
form of small particles. A suspension does not encompass emulsions, which are meant to
describe liquids suspended within liquid carriers. Nor does a suspension encompass syrup
formulations, which contain fully dissolved APIs.
The preparation of such a suspension is often underestimated and involves more
than mixing a solid in a liquid. Knowledge of particles behavior in the liquids, as well as
wetting agents, suspending agents, polymers, preservatives, colors and flavors is needed
in order to manufacture a product with the targeted quality attributes (David B. Troy, Paul
Beringer, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, p.767-768, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
2006).10
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One challenge associated with liquid suspensions is sedimentation, that is the
tendency for particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid. Among all the ingredients of
a suspension, the suspended phase (i.e., containing API particles, in this case, paracetamol
particles) is one of the most critical components since it might tend to sediment over time
and under specific conditions. Different factors influence the sedimentation rate of particles
in suspension. Stokes’ law is often used to express the sedimentation rate:
aS _ (pp ~ pu)
dt 1877 ‘
Where dS/dt is the sedimentation rate, d is the diameter of the particles, pp is the
density of the particles, pw is the density of the medium, g is the gravitational constant and
11s the viscosity of the medium. According to Stokes’ law, the sedimentation rate of a
suspension decreases with decreasing the particle diameter; decreasing the difference
between particle density and density of the medium; and increasing the viscosity of the
medium.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,272,137 and 5,409,907 teach the use of suspending agents such
as xanthan gum and microcrystalline cellulose to minimize sedimentation. U.S. Pat. No.
5,658,919 discloses the use of xanthan gum, a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and
sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and an auxiliary suspending agent selected from
hydroxyethylcellulose and a salt of carboxymethylcellulose to minimize sedimentation of
paracetamol suspensions.
Color change in pharmaceutical products, which typically ocours during product
storage, is considered an important quality attribute and is often monitored as an indication
of non-adequate product manufacture or formulation instability. Color is therefore
monitored during pharmaceutical product development. Color change in pharmaceutical
products can occur under specific conditions. The color of a paracetamol-containing liquid
formulation can change more easily than a paracetamol-containing solid formulation, since
color change might be caused by several reactions such as paracetamol degradation
through hydrolysis reactions or oxidation reactions; and other chemical reactions of active
ingredients and other additives, e.g., Maillard reactions
Color change in a paracetamol suspension usually ocours as discoloration from
white to off-white or brown. For this reason, color change is often described with the terms
discoloration or browning. Dyes are often added to pharmaceutical suspensions for
improved appearance and patient acceptability, and to mask discoloration. However, it has
been found that some patients develop or have allergies to or are sensitive to dyed
suspension or that such suspensions stain clothing, furniture, carpeting, and the like when
spilled. Therefore, dye-free suspensions are very desirable. Coloring agents are often
added to pharmaceutical liquid products to produce pharmaceutically acceptable
characteristics, to provide an identifying factor and also to provide consistency among the
batches of a product. Often the color of the excipients that are used to manufacture product
contribute an off-color to the product. This color is often dependent on the lots of excipients
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and they can change on storage with no adverse effect on the product. The consumer
would however, perceive the color change as having an adverse effect on the effectiveness
of the product, potentially resulting in rejection of the product.
EP 2.229 937 B1 relates to a dye-free paracetamol liquid suspension comprising by
gram per 100 mL of the suspension 1 to 15 APAP having an average particle size of
between 10 and 100 microns; 0.1 to 0.25 xanthan gum; 0.4 to 1 microcrystalline cellulose;
20 to 65 sorbitol solution; 1 to 20 glycerin; 0.01 to 1 flavoring; 20 to 50 water; 0.001 to 0.10
of an antimicrobial preservative selected from the group consisting of butylparaben,
methylparaben, propylparaben, and combinations thereof; 0.003 to 0.20 citric acid; and 0.1
to 0.5 propylene glycol; wherein the dye-free APAP suspension has a pH of from 5 to 6 and
is substantially free of a reducing sugar. The formulation contains sucrose. According to
EP 2 229 937 B1, the unique combination of APAP having sorbitol and sucrose at a pH
from about 5.1 to 5.9 produces advantageously storage stable and homogeneously
dispersed suspensions of APAP.
U.S. Patent No. 7,300,670 teaches a suspension containing one particulate drug
with a density of from about 0.9 to about 1.6g/ml, an average particle size (X50) of less than
about 20 microns, a polymer exhibiting plastic flow selected from but not limited to xanthan
gum, carbomer, microcrystalline cellulose, _carboxymethyl-cellulose, sodium
carboxymethylcellulose, and combinations thereof, and wherein the suspension has a final
yield value of less than about 15 Pa, to ensure that the product is pourable without shaking,
and which does not cake on storage and which is able to maintain its homogeneity on
prolonged storage without shaking. The Examples in the ‘670 patent teach from 0.02 to 15
Percent by weight acetaminophen liquid suspensions containing invert sugars, sucrose and
colorants or dyes.
Despite the challenges associated with formulating suspensions many attempts
have been made to formulate paracetamol as a liquid suspension. Indeed, there are
numerous products currently on the market, including Panadol® Children’s 1-6 Years (sold
by GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare), Children's Tylenol Pain and Fever Reliever
(sold by Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.) and Panodil Jr. suspension.
The present invention is an improvement over these commercial products and
relates to the discovery of a dye-free, optionally sugar-free, storage stable paracetamol
liquid suspension that provides an organoleptically pleasing mouth feel, low sedimentation
and a surprisingly advantageous reduction in browning over a prolonged time period,
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising
paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 10pm and a d90 of less than or
equal to 35m, which composition is substantially dye-free,
In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 104m and a d90 of
less than or equal to 30ym, which composition is substantially dye-free.
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In a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 10um and a d90 of
less than or equal to 25ym, which composition is substantially dye-free.
In still another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 10um
and a 490 of less than or equal to 20m, which composition is substantially dye-free.
In yet another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 104m
and a d90 of less than or equal to 16m, which composition is substantially dye-free.
In still yet another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 8um
and a d90 of less than or equal to 354m, which composition is substantially dye-free.
In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a 450 of less than or equal to 8um and a d90 of
less than or equal to 30m, which composition is substantially dye-free.
In a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 8um and a d90 of
less than or equal to 25ym, which composition is substantially dye-free.
In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 8um and a d90 of
less than or equal to 20m, which composition is substantially dye-free.
In yet another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to um
and a 490 of less than or equal to 16m, which composition is substantially dye-free.
In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 104m and a d90 of
less than or equal to 35m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially
free of invert sugars.
In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 104m and a d90 of
less than or equal to 30pm, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially
free of invert sugars.
in a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 104m and a d90 of
less than or equal to 25m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially
free of invert sugars.
In yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 10um
and a d90 of less than or equal to 20um, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of invert sugars.
In still yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 10m
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and a d90 of less than or equal to 16m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of invert sugars.
In one embodiment, the invention is directed to @ pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 8um and a d90 of
less than or equal to 354m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially
free of invert sugars.
In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a 50 of less than or equal to 8m and a d90 of
less than or equal to 30pm, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially
free of invert sugars.
In a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles having a 50 of less than or equal to 8um and a d90 of
less than or equal to 25m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially
free of invert sugars.
In yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to um
and a d90 of less than or equal to 20um, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of invert sugars.
In still yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles having a d50 of less than or equal to 8um
and a d90 of less than or equal to 16m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of invert sugars.
In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 10pm and a d90 of less
than or equal to 35m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars
In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 10pm and a d90 of less
than or equal to 30um, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars
In a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 10m and a d90 of less
than or equal to 25ym, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars
In yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 10um and
a 490 of less than or equal to 20m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of reducing sugars.
In still yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 10um and
a 490 of less than or equal to 164m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of reducing sugars.10
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In one embodiment, the invention is directed to @ pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 8m and a 90 of less
than or equal to 354m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars.
In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 84m and a 90 of less
than or equal to 304m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars
In a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 84m and a d90 of less
than or equal to 25ym, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars
In yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles with a 450 of less than or equal to 8ym and
a 490 of less than or equal to 20m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of reducing sugars.
In still yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 8um and
a 490 of less than or equal to 161m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of reducing sugars.
In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 10pm and a 490 of less
than or equal to 35m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 10m and a 490 of less
than or equal to 30m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
In a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 10um and a 490 of less
than or equal to 25ym, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
In yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 10m and
490 of less than or equal to 20um, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
In still yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 10um and
a 490 of less than or equal to 161m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 84m and a d90 of less
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WO 2020/043587 PCT/EP2019/072445
than or equal to 35m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 8m and a 90 of less
than or equal to 30m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
In a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 84m and a d90 of less
than or equal to 254m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is substantially free
of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
In yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles with a 450 of less than or equal to 8ym and
a d90 of less than or equal to 20m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
In still yet a further embodiment, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising paracetamol particles with a d50 of less than or equal to 8um and
a 490 of less than or equal to 164m, which composition is substantially dye-free and is
substantially free of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
In one embodiment a composition according to the invention is substantially free of
a non-reducing sugar which is sucrose.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions
‘As used herein, the term ‘invert sugar’ is a mixture of glucose and fructose obtained
by the hydrolysis of sucrose. In sucrose, the enzyme invertase, yields “invert sugar’ (so
called because the hydrolysis results in an inversion of the rotation of plane polarized light),
a 50:50 mixture of fructose and glucose, its two constituent monosaccharides. It will be
understood that the terms “substantially free of an invert sugar” or “substantially free of
invert sugars” means that an invert sugar is not added as a separate component to the
formulations described herein at any point during their manufacture and therefore, is not a
separate component of the end-product liquid suspension. It will be understood that trace
amounts of invert sugars may be found in one or more of the excipients used in the
formulation, e.g., as may be found in polyols such as maltitol and sorbitol.
As used herein, a “particle” may be a crystal, a granule, an agglomerate, or any
undissolved solid material.
As used herein, the term “prolonged period of time” means a time frame that is
greater than about 12 months. In one embodiment, the prolonged period of time is up to
and including about 18 months. In another embodiment, the prolonged period of time is up
to and including about 24 months. In a further embodiment, the prolonged period of time is
up to and including about 36 months.10
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As used herein, the term “reducing sugar’ is any sugar that can act as a reducing agent
(and thus can be oxidized) because it has a free aldehyde group or a free ketone group.
All monosaccharides are reducing sugars, along with some disaccharides,
oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. The monosaccharides can be divided into two
groups: the aldoses, which have an aldehyde group, and the ketoses, which have a ketone
group. Ketoses must first tautomerize to aldoses before they can act as reducing sugars.
The common dietary monosaccharides galactose, glucose and fructose are all reducing
sugars. It will be understood that sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides - glucose
and fructose. Since the reducing groups of glucose and fructose (i.e., the free
aldehyde/ketone groups) are involved in glycosidic bond formation and are not available,
sucrose is a non-reducing sugar
As used herein, the term “substantially dye-free" means that at a dye is not added
as a separate component to the formulations described herein at any point during their
manufacture and therefore, is not a separate component of the end-product pharmaceutical
liquid suspension
It will be understood that the terms “substantially free of a reducing sugar” or
“substantially free of reducing sugars” means that a reducing sugar is not added as a
separate component to the formulations described herein at any point during their
manufacture and therefore, is not a separate component of the end-product pharmaceutical
liquid suspension. It will be further understood that trace amounts of reducing sugars may
be found in one or more of the excipients used in the formulation, e.g., in the maltitol syrup
or the sorbitol solution. Based on a certificate of analysis for maltitol syrup, there is less
than 0.10% of reducing sugars, on a dry basis (commercially available from Roquette
Freres, France). Based on a certificate of analysis for sorbitol 70% solution, there is for
example 0.08% of reducing sugars, on a dry basis; for a maximum of 0.14% of reducing
sugars (commercially available from Roquette Freres, France).
It will be understood that the term “substantially free of a non-reducing sugar which
is sucrose” means that sucrose is not added as a separate component to the formulations
described herein at any point during their manufacture and therefore, is not a separate
component of the end-product pharmaceutical liquid suspension,
The active agent or ingredient is present in a "unit dose volume” of the aqueous
suspension in a therapeutically effective amount, which is an amount that produces the
desired therapeutic response upon oral administration and can be readily determined by
one skilled in the art. In determining such amounts, the active agent being administered,
the bioavailability characteristics of the active agent, the dose regime, the age and weight
of the patient, and other factors must be considered, as known in the art. As used herein a
“unit dose volume" of the aqueous suspension is a convenient volume for dosing the
product to a patient. The dosing directions instruct the patient to take amounts that are
multiples of the unit dose volume depending on, e.g., the age or weight of the patient
Typically, the unit dose volume of the suspension will contain an amount of active agent
that is therapeutically effective for the smallest patient. For example, suitable unit dose10
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volumes may include one teaspoonful (about 5 mL), one tablespoonful (about 15 mL), one
dropperful, or one milliliter.
Brief Description of the Fiqures
Fig. 1 depicts degradation products of paracetamol in solution. Koshy K.T., Lach
L. (1961). Stability of aqueous solutions of N-acetykpaminophenol. J Pharm Sci 50:113-
18. Imaizumi H, Nagai K (1978). Stability of non-pyrine antipyretic analgesic.
J.Pract.Pharm. 29:1161-6.
Fig. 2 depicts a CIELAB Color Space Diagram (CIE L’a*b* (CIELAB) is a color space
specified by the International Commission on Illumination (French Commission
internationale de l'éclairage, hence its CIE initialism). It describes all the colors visible to
the human eye and was created to serve as a device-independent model to be used as a
reference).
Fig. 3 is a graphical depiction of a color change comparison, defined by AE* values,
for the analyzed samples including Formulation A, Formulation B and Formulation C.
Fig. 4A is a graphical depiction of the total color difference AE* for Formulation A
and Formulation B at a paracetamol concentration of 48mg/mL. The Formulation A sample
just after manufacturing is taken as reference.
Fig. 4B is a graphical depiction of the total color difference AE* for Formulation A,
Formulation B and Formulation C at a paracetamol concentration of 24mgiml. The
Formulation A sample just after manufacturing is taken as reference.
Fig. 5 depicts the impact of paracetamol particle size and storage temperature on
color measurements in terms of lightness L* for samples taken at 9 months.
Fig. 6 is a graphical depiction of the total color difference AE* for Formulation A and
Formulation B at a paracetamol concentration of 48mg/ml. The Formulation A sample just
after manufacturing is taken as reference.
Fig. 7 is a graphical depiction of the total color difference AE” for Formulation A and
Formulation B and Formulation C at a paracetamol concentration of 24mgiml. The
Formulation A sample just after manufacturing is taken as reference.
Paracetamol can be affected by multiple degradation reactions. This is a particular
concern when formulating paracetamol as a pharmaceutical liquid suspension. Fig. 1
shows the degradation products of paracetamol in solution. According to the reaction
mechanisms in Fig 1, paracetamol hydrolyzes in aqueous solution to form p-aminophenol
which then oxidizes further to form pink-colored quinine imines. The influence of oxygen
on discoloration of a paracetamol solution is a consequence of both oxygen in the bottle
head space of the container and oxygen dissolved in the liquid. Recommendations given
to limit discoloration are to: (a) manage the amount of oxygen in the container by controlling
filling volume and headspace; (b) ensure appropriate packaging selection to minimize
oxygen transfer through the packaging: (c) use a de-aeration method under reduced
pressure or replace oxygen with an inactive gas (e.g.. nitrogen) during manufacturing and/or
filling; (4) consider the use of antioxidants in the formulation in order to minimize oxidation;
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and (e) remove or replace excipients or primary packaging components that could promote
oxidation, such as trace metal ions, hydroperoxides or residual initiators in polymers.
(Mochizuchi, K et al., Prediction of color changes in acetaminophen solution using the time-
temperature superposition principle, Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, Vol.42,
No.7, 1050-1057, (2015)).
There is no recognition in the literature that reducing the particle size of the
paracetamol particles could be a factor in limiting discoloration in a paracetamol-containing
pharmaceutical liquid suspension. Furthermore, there is no recognition that a paracetamol
pharmaceutical liquid suspension formulated with paracetamol particles having a 450 of
less than or equal to 10pm and a d90 of less than or equal to 354m would significantly limit
discoloration such that the formulation can be substantially dye-free, and still present a
commercially acceptable product.
It has also been found that temperature has an important impact on the hydrolysis
reaction rate of paracetamol and therefore browning, since a temperature increase
translates into an increase of paracetamol solubility i.e., concentration in solution (Koshy
KT. et al., (1961), Stability of aqueous solutions of N-acetyl-paminophenol, J Pharm Sci
50:113-18 and Imaizumi H et al., (1978). Stability of non-pyrine antipyretic analgesic, J
Pract. Pharm, 29:1161-6).
Sedimentation is also a challenge when formulating liquid suspensions. The
viscosity of the suspension is known to have an impact on sedimentation. In general, as
the viscosity increases, the sedimentation rate decreases.
The particle size of the API is also generally thought to affect the sedimentation rate
of a suspension. The larger the particle size, one would expect the sedimentation rate to
increase. As the particle size decreases, one would expect the sedimentation rate to
decrease. However, as the particle size decreases, one would also expect the color of the
suspension to be negatively affected, i.e, an increase in browning is expected because the
surface area of the particles is larger and therefore there is more surface exposure to
degradation reactions.
Surprisingly, the opposite was found by the inventors herein. The invention relates
to a paracetamol pharmaceutical liquid suspension wherein the particle size distribution
(450 and d90) and the particle size span is significantly smaller than that found in
commercial products. Despite the smaller particle size distribution, the invention provides
a storage stable suspension that does not brown over a prolonged time period and,
therefore, does not require a dye to mask discoloration or browning.
One of the most widely used methods of describing particle size distributions are
percentiles or “d” values. The d10, d50 and 490 values are particle size values
corresponding to the cumulative distribution at 10%, 50% and 90%. Based on a mass
distribution, a d-value can be thought of as a “mass division diameter’. It is the diameter
which, when all particles in a sample are arranged in order of ascending mass, divides the
sample's mass into specified percentages. The percentage mass below the diameter of
interest is the number expressed after the “d". For example, the d10 diameter is the
diameter at which 10% of a sample's mass is comprised of smaller particles, and the 450
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is the diameter at which 50% of a sample's mass is comprised of smaller particles. The
50 is also known as the "mass median diameter" as it divides the sample equally by mass.
Median values are defined as the value where half of the population of particles of
a specified size resides above the median point, and half of the population of particles of a
specified size resides below the median point. For particle size distributions, the median is
called the 50 (or x50 when following certain International Organization of Standardization
guidelines). The d50 is the size in microns that splits the particle population distribution
with half above and half below a certain diameter size. For example, according to this
invention, a paracetamol particle size distribution defined as a 50 of 10m means that 50%
of the paracetamol particles are smaller than 10um and 50% of the paracetamol particles
are larger than = 10m. For further details see, page 4,
httpsi/wmw.horiba.comffileadmin/uploads/ScientificleMag/PSA/Guidebook/pdt/PSA_Guid
ebook.paf.
As defined herein, the span or width of the particle size distribution is defined as
follows:
490-10
SPAN =
{twill be understood that the lower the span, the narrower a particle size distribution
is. Suitably the paracetamol particles of use in the invention have a span that is less than
4.5, for example from about 0.1 to about 4 or from about 0.5 to about 3.5. In one
‘embodiment the span is from about 1 to about 3. In one embodiment the span is from about
2 to about 3. In the present invention a good approximation of the span equation above is
the d90 /d50 value, given that the d10 value is much smaller than d90. Clearly with d50
values so low, and 410, by definition, even lower, the d10 parameter will not materially affect
the span. Suitably in one aspect according to the invention, the paracetamol particles have
a d10 value that is less than about 5um for example less than about 4 um or less than about
3.um. In one embodiment the paracetamol particles have a d10 value that is about 2 ym.
The typical percentile values for paracetamol particle size distribution as used
herein, was measured by a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Malvern, Mastersizer
2000) and d values are based on a volume distribution.
The present invention is related to the discovery that when the particle size
distribution of paracetamol in a pharmaceutical liquid suspension and the span of the
Particle size distribution of paracetamol in a pharmaceutical liquid suspension is specifically
defined, the browning of the suspension is significantly reduced over a prolonged period of
time.
Suitably, the paracetamol particles have a d50 of less than or equal to 10um. In
one embodiment, the paracetamol particles have a d50 from 5pm to 10um. In another
embodiment, the paracetamol particles have a d50 from 8um to 10um. In a further
embodiment, the paracetamol particles have a d50 less than or equal to 8um. Suitably, for
any of these embodiments, the formulation is substantially dye-free. Suitably, for any of
these embodiments, the formulation is substantially dye-free and substantially free of
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reducing sugars. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is substantially
dye-free, substantially free of reducing sugars and substantially free of invert sugars.
Suitably, the paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the d50 is less
than or equal to 10m and the 490 is less than or equal to 35m. In another embodiment,
the paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the 450 is less than or equal to
10um and the d90 is less than or equal to 30um. In a further embodiment, the paracetamol
particles have a distribution range wherein the d50 is less than or equal to 10ym and the
90 is less than or equal to 25m. In yet another embodiment, the paracetamol particles
have a distribution range wherein the d50 is less than or equal to 10um and the d90 is less
than or equal to 20m. In still yet another embodiment, the paracetamol particles have a
distribution range wherein the 450 is less than or equal to 10m and the d90 is less than or
equal to 16m. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is substantially dye-
free. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is substantially dye-free and
substantially free of reducing sugars. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the
formulation is substantially dye-free, substantially free of reducing sugars and substantially
free of invert sugars.
Suitably, the paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the d50 is from
5um to 10um and the d90 is less than or equal to 35ym. In one embodiment, the
paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the d50 is from 8m to 10um and
the d90 is less than or equal to 35um. In another embodiment, the paracetamol particles
have a distribution range wherein the d50 is less than or equal to 8um and the d90 is less
than or equal to 35ym. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is
substantially dye-free. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is
substantially dye-free and substantially free of reducing sugars. Suitably, for any of these
embodiments, the formulation is substantially dye-free, substantially free of reducing sugars
and substantially free of invert sugars.
Suitably, the paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the d50 is from
5um to 10um and the d90 is less than or equal to 30ym. In one embodiment, the
paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the d50 is from 8m to 10um and
the d90 is less than or equal to 304m. In another embodiment, the paracetamol particles
have a distribution range wherein the d50 is less than or equal to or equal to 8um and the
490 is less than or equal to 30m. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation
is substantially dye-free. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is
substantially dye-free and substantially free of reducing sugars. Suitably, for any of these
‘embodiments, the formulation is substantially dye-free, substantially free of reducing sugars
and substantially free of invert sugars.
Suitably, the paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the d50 is from
5um to 10um and the d90 is less than or equal to 25um. In one embodiment, the
paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the d50 is from 8m to 10um and
the d90 is less than or equal to 25m. In another embodiment, the paracetamol particles
have a distribution range wherein the d50 is less than or equal to 8um and the d90 is less
than or equal to 25ym. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is
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substantially dye-free. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is
substantially dye-free and substantially free of reducing sugars. Suitably, for any of these
embodiments, the formulation is substantially dye-free, substantially free of reducing sugars
and substantially free of invert sugars.
Suitably, the paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the 450 is from
Sum to 10um and the d90 is less than or equal to 20um. In one embodiment, the
paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the d50 is from 8m to 10um and
the d90 is less than or equal to 204m. In another embodiment, the paracetamol particles
have a distribution range wherein the d50 is less than or equal to 8um and the 490 is less
than or equal to 20um. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is
substantially dye-free. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is
substantially dye-free and substantially free of reducing sugars. Suitably, for any of these
embodiments, the formulation is substantially dye-free, substantially free of reducing sugars
and substantially free of invert sugars.
Suitably, the paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the 50 is from
5um to 10um and the d90 is less than or equal to 16um. In one embodiment, the
paracetamol particles have a distribution range wherein the d50 is from 84m to 10um and
the d90 is less than or equal to 16um. In another embodiment, the paracetamol particles
have a distribution range wherein the d50 is less than or equal to 8um and the 490 is less
than or equal to 16um. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is
substantially dye-free. Suitably, for any of these embodiments, the formulation is
substantially dye-free and substantially free of reducing sugars. Suitably, for any of these
embodiments, the formulation is substantially dye-free, substantially free of reducing sugars
and substantially free of invert sugars.
Paracetamol is present in the instant pharmaceutical liquid suspension in a
concentration of from about 2.0 to about 5.0% weight/volume (t will be understood by the
skilled artisan that 2.0% weight/volume is equivalent to 2.0 grams/100mL of suspension
which is equivalent to 20 milligrams/mL of suspension). In one embodiment of the invention,
paracetamol is present in an amount of 2.4 grams/100mL suspension. In another
embodiment of the invention, paracetamol is present in an amount of 3.2 grams/100mL of
suspension. In a further embodiment of the invention, paracetamol is present in an amount
of 4.8 grams/100mL of suspension.
Water is present in the pharmaceutical liquid suspension according to the invention
Suitably water is present in an amount of from about 30 to about 70% weight/volume (it will
be understood that 70% is equivalent to 70 grams per 100mL of suspension. In one
embodiment of the invention, water is present in an amount of about 40 to about 60%
weightivolume such as about 50% i.e. about 50 grams per 100mL. It will be understood
that the amount of water includes both free water added and water added with other
materials such as with sorbitol and/or maltitol solutions.
The pharmaceutical liquid suspension of the invention may contain additional ingredients
known to one of skill in the art, generally referred to as additives. Additives can include, but
are not limited to, known components such as flavoring agents, sweeteners, antioxidants,
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chelating agents, thickeners, preservatives, pH modifiers, surfactants, antifoaming agents,
co-solvents, humectants, and mixtures thereof.
Water-soluble high intensity sweeteners also may be employed in this invention,
Examples of suitable high intensity sweeteners include, but are not limited to, sucralose,
aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame, cyclamate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and
combinations thereof. The amount of high intensity sweetener used in the suspension will
vary depending on the degree of sweetening desired for the particular suspension.
Generally, the amount of high intensity sweeteners used in the suspension may vary from
about 0 to about 2.0 grams per 100 mL of suspension. In embodiments employing a high
intensity sweetener, such as sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame, saccharin, and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, the level of high intensity sweetener is from
about 0 to about 1 gram per 100 mL of suspension. In one embodiment the high intensity
sweetener is sucralose. In one embodiment of the invention, the suspension comprises a
high intensity sweetener at about 0 to about 0.5 gram per 100 mL of suspension for example
from about 0.1 to about .4 grams per 100 mL. of suspension.
Suitably, polyhydric alcohols for use as sweeteners in the present invention include,
but are not limited to, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, and the like, and
combinations thereof. The amount of polyhydric alcohol sweetener used in the suspension
will vary depending on the degree of sweetening desired for the particular suspension.
Generally, the amount of polyhydric alcohol sweetener may be in the range of from about
0 to about 90 grams per 100 mL of the suspension. In the present invention, the suspension
comprises maltitol solution at about 20 to about 70 grams per 100mL of the suspension. In
one embodiment, the suspension comprises maltitol solution at about 50 to about 70 grams
per 100mL of the suspension. In another embodiment, the suspension comprises maltitol
solution at about 50 to about 60 grams per 100mL of the suspension. In one embodiment,
the suspension comprises sorbitol solution (as a 70% aqueous solution) at about 0 to about
20 grams per 100mL of the suspension. In another embodiment, the suspension comprises
sorbitol solution (as a 70% aqueous solution) at about 5 to about 15 grams per 100mL of
the suspension. In another embodiment, the suspension comprises sorbitol solution (as a
70% aqueous solution) at about 10 to about 15 grams per 100ml of the suspension. In
one embodiment the suspension comprises a sorbitol solution (as a 70% aqueous solution)
at about 10 to about 20 grams per 100mL of the suspension and a maltitol solution at about
50 to about 60 grams per 100mL of the suspension. Suitably the sorbitol solution is a non-
crystallizing sorbitol solution.
Suitable flavoring agents include natural and/or artificial flavors such as mint (i.e.,
Peppermint, spearmint, etc.), menthol, cinnamon, vanilla, artificial vanilla, chocolate,
artificial chocolate, both natural and/or artificial fruit flavors (e.g., cherry, grape, orange,
strawberry, and the like) and combinations of two or more thereof. Flavoring agents are
often complex mixtures of chemical compounds dissolved or dispersed in an inert medium,
such as, propylene glycol. These solutions or dispersions are generally provided as a minor
component of the suspension in amounts effective to provide a palatable flavor to the
suspension. In one embodiment, flavoring agents are present in the suspension in amounts
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in the range of from 0.01 to 1 grams per 100 mL of the suspension. In one embodiment,
flavoring agents are present in the suspension in amounts in the range of from 0.05 to 0.15
grams per 100 mL of the suspension
The pH of the suspension should be optimized to minimize the solubility and
maximize the chemical stability of the unpleasant tasting and hydrolysis susceptible active
agent, APAP. In the present invention, the pH of the suspension is suitably in the range
from 4.5 to 6 or from 5.5 to 6.5. In one embodiment of the invention, the pH of the
suspension is 4.7-5.5. In one embodiment the pH of the suspension about 6.0. Suitably,
in one embodiment the target pH of a suspension according to the invention is about 5.
The suspension can be buffered using pH adjusting agents to maintain the pH of
the suspension in the desired pH range. Suitable pH-adjusting agents may be present in
the suspension in amounts sufficient to provide the desired degree of pH buffering. The
pH-adjusting agents are typically used in the range of from about 0 to about 1 gram per 100
mL of the dye-free pharmaceutical suspension. The pH adjusting agent may be selected
from weak organic acids, such as, citric acid, malic acid, sodium citrate (dihydrate), glutamic
acid, and the like having acceptable taste characteristics for use in taste-masked oral
suspensions. In the present invention, citric acid is present at 0.003 to 0.20 grams per
100mL of suspension. Citric acid is added to the suspension to stabilize the pH of the
suspension at between 4.5 and 6, e.g., from about 4.7 to about 5.5. Antimicrobial
preservatives are selected for their activity within this pH range.
In dye-free suspensions of the present invention, there is optionally an antimicrobial
preservative. Suitable preservatives include, but are not limited to, methyl paraben, propyl
Paraben, sodium methyl paraben, sodium ethyl paraben, sodium propyl paraben and the
like and combinations thereof. A combination of sodium methyl, sodium ethyl and sodium
propyl parabens may be used, available commercially in one form as Niasept sodium from
Clariant. Suitably, the preservatives are present in a percent weight/volume amount of
about 0.00 to 0.25 gram per 100mL of suspension. In one embodiment, the methyl paraben
is present in an amount of 0.2 grams/100mL of suspension. In one embodiment, the propyl
paraben is present in an amount of 0.045 grams/100mL of suspension. In yet another
‘embodiment of the invention, methyl paraben is present in an amount of 0.2 grams/100mL
of suspension and propyl paraben is present in an amount of 0.045 grams/100mL of
suspension
Suitable chelating agents include, but are not limited to ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid including salts thereof such as the disodium salt and the calcium disodium salt
Suitably the chelating agents are used in a percent weight/volume amount of about 0.005
to 0.015 gram per 100mL of suspension.
The dye+ree pharmaceutical liquid suspension of the present invention is
substantially free of coloring agents, such as, dyes, lakes, and the like. However, the dye-
free pharmaceutical liquid suspension of the present invention may optionally incorporate
certain pigments, e.g., titanium dioxide and the like, as opacifiers.
The suspensions of the present invention can employ suspending systems as
known in the art that include, but are not limited to, at least one thickening component. In
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one embodiment of the invention, the thickening component is present in the
pharmaceutical liquid suspension in an amount of about 0.05 to about 1.5 grams per 100mL
of suspension for example from about 0.05 to about 0.70 grams per100mL of suspension.
In another embodiment of the invention, the thickening component is xanthan gum. In yet
another embodiment of the invention, the xanthan gum is present in the pharmaceutical
liquid suspension in an amount of about 0.65 grams per100mL of suspension.
Another optional component of the pharmaceutical liquid suspensions of the
invention a humectant. Suitable humectants for use in the invention include glycerine,
sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and other edible polyhydric alcohols.
Generally, the amount of humectant may be in the range of about 10 to about 20
grams/100mL of the suspension. In one embodiment of the invention, the humectant is
glycerine. In another embodiment of the invention, the humectant is glycerine in the amount
of about 10 to about 20 grams such as about 15 grams/100mL of the suspension.
‘An exemplary composition according to the invention is a pharmaceutical liquid
suspension comprising by grams per 100mL of the suspension:
(a) a therapeutically effective amount of paracetamol in particulate form wherein
the paracetamol particles have a D0 of less than or equal to 10 of less than or
equal to 104m and a D90 of less than or equal to 20m;
(b) about 0.20 to about 0.30 of a high intensity sweetener such as sucralose;
(c) about 40 to about 80 of a polyhydric alcohol sweetener such as a combination
of maltitol and sorbitol;
(d) about 0.1 to about 0.3 of a preservative such as a combination of methyl
parabens and propyl parabens;
(e) about 0.2 to about 0.4 of a buffering agent;
(f) about 0.5 to about 1 of a thickening agent such as xanthan gum;
(g) about 10 to about 20 of a humectant such as glycerine;
(h) about 0.05 to about 0.1 of a flavouring agent;
(i) about 40 to 60 of water;
and wherein the pH of the composition is about 5.5 to about 6.5.
A suitable process for preparing a suspension composition as described herein is a
standard process understood by those of skill in the art, and includes the following steps:
a) transferring polyhydric alcohol sweeteners into a main mixing vessel and adding
purified water, and mixing continuously to produce a uniform mixture;
b) dissolving preservatives, if present in the liquid suspension, in purified water in
a small pre-mixing vessel while stirring continuously and transferring to the main mixing
vessel while stirring continuously;
c) dissolving water soluble ingredients in a small pre-mixing vessel and transferring
to the main mixing vessel while stirring continuously;
d) adding thickeners to the main mixing vessel and mixing continuously until a
uniform suspension is obtained;
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e) adding paracetamol to the main mixing vessel and stirring until a uniform
suspension is obtained;
) adding flavour to the main mixing vessel while stirring continuously; and
9) adding and mixing sufficient water to the mixture of step (f) to produce a
pharmaceutical suspension in accordance with the invention of 100% desired volume, after
which the suspension is transferred to a storage tank before filling, labelling and packaging,
EXAMPLES
The invention will now be illustrated by examples. The examples are not intended
to be limiting of the scope of the present invention but read in conjunction with the detailed
and general description above, provide further understanding of the present invention and
an outline of a preferred composition of the invention. The examples were conducted
using three paracetamol pharmaceutical liquid suspensions with the compositions shown
in Table 1, below. It will be understood that the units below are in percent weight/volume,
which is grams/100mL solution.
Table 4
Ingredient Formulation A | Formulation B Formulation C
Paracetamol, 2.0-5.0%wtlv 2.0-5.0%wtiv (2.0 | 2.0-5.0%wtlv (2.0 to
Pheur(*) — | (20t0 to.5.0mg/i00mL; | 5.0mgit00mt;
5.0mg/100mL; | 20mgimL to 2omgimL to
20mg/mL to: ‘50mg/mL) ‘50mg/mL)
S0mgitmL)
‘Carbomer, Ph. 0.20-0.70 -
Eur
Xanthan gum, | 050-7.00 TOTOOE 0507.00
Ph. Eur
Nipasept 5 0.10020 :
Sodium
Methyl Paraben _| 0.01 to 0.20 5 :
Propyl Paraben | 0.01 t0 0.065 | - :
‘Sodium Methy! |= = 0.07-0.15
Paraben
‘Sodium Ethyl |= = 0.01-0.03,
Paraben
‘Sodium Propyl | = ~ 0.07-0.03,
Paraben
Glycerine: 10-20
EDTA, Ph.Eur._| 0.005-0.015 0,005-0.075
Non- 10-20 10-20 10-20
Crystallizing
Sorbitol (70%
solution), Ph.
Eur,
‘Sorbitol 20-25
Maltitol Solution, | 50-60 50-60 65-75
Ph. Eur.
Malic Acid, Ph. | ~ 0.05-0.15 0.0T-0.07
Eur.
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WO 2020/043587 PCT/EP2019/072445
“Anhydrous citric | 0.020-0.030 = 0.02
acid
‘Sodium Citrate | 0.20-.030 = >
(dihydrate)
‘Sodium ~ 0:10-0.20 -
Hydroxide,
Ph. Eur.
‘Sucralose, Ph. | 0.20-0.30 0.05-0.10 -
Eur,
‘Acesulfame K, | = 0.07-0.05 -
Ph. Eur.
‘Strawberry 0.05-0.10 0.010-0.075 0.05-0.15,
Flavor
‘Orange Flavor | 0.05-0.15 0.05-0.15,
Purified Water | qs. to 100 qs. fo 100 qs. t6 100
pH. 6.0 6.0 5.0
A fine grade of paracetamol (commercially available from Granules India, Ltd. or
Farmson Ltd.) was used for Formulation A. A coarser powder grade of paracetamol
(commercially available from Granules India, Ltd. or Farmson Ltd.) was used for
Formulations B and C. Therefore, Formulation A falls within the scope of the invention.
Formulations B and C fall outside the scope of the invention. The particle size distribution
of the formulations is found in Table 2, below. The particle size is measured by the laser
diffraction method using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000.
Table 2
Formulation A Formulation B/C
Oxidation
NHCOCH, NHCOCHs NCOCH,
(a) acetaminophen
(b) p-aminophenol
(©) p-benzoquinone imine
(d) 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-
diacetylaminobipheny!
(©) n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
OH oH °
@ ©)
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)WO 2020/043587 PCT/EP2019/072445
216
FIG. 2
L 100
Delta E
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)WO 2020/043587 PCT/EP2019/072445
316
FIG, 3
de*
‘ 4s areing with
‘Sesiorsdon
| | | | |
2»
10
o pr mine ating sn TT S77 eT er 7
C.2kme/m, 6 2Ama/ah G 2emg/e, 8 2h, BABI, REFERENCE: A, Bgl, A, Amal A, mg/h A, AImg/m
WSC me ST We WC Ime ATK Imo AO Imo Aamg/m SC AO Imo. OT Ine 0G Imo AT ee
(tine
First color measurements to compare Formulation A samples (48mag/ml) with
Formulation B samples (24 and 48mgiml) and Formulation C samples (24mg/ml) over a
storage time of maximum 6 months (6M) at different temperature conditions
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)WO 2020/043587
FIG. 4A
.
:
:
:
:
:
o =
oe
FIG. 4B
.
:
:
:
:
M1
oe
2amg/el aimed
‘amg /ml at 3M, 258C _24mg/ml at 3M, 408C
PCT/EP2019/072445
46
AE*
32.62
16.42
A B B
48mg/ml,at3M —48mg/ml at timeo —A8m¢/ml at 3M
40% ‘40%
AE*
3354
3007
2
A c e
2amg/ml at 3M, at 24mg /el 383M, st
sore ore
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)WO 2020/043587 PCT/EP2019/072445
516
FIG. 5
0
j J
‘A: PSD (90) (micron)
: Temperature (deg)
FIG. 6
AE*
i
es
a
Sos
: 4
48me/ml at 48mg/ml,at 48mg/ml,at 48mg/ml at 48mg/ml, at 48mg/ml at
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)WO 2020/043587
616
FIG. 7
3s
2
20
5
20
AE*
2078
8.00 nnn 9 69-—— G
786
2 i
a a 8 8
a 8
1959
c
PCT/EP2019/072445
awn
1956
c c
2emgfnl at 2Amg/int at 24mg/ml at 24mg/el at 2Amg/ml at 2émg/ml at_2Amgnl at 2Amg/ml at 24g/el at
timed 3M,258C 3M, 402C—timeO—3M, at 250C 3M, at 408 timed
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
3M, at 258.30, at 408INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT
Teterational aplication No
PCT/EP2019/072445
TN REIS Te "ReTK1/167 —A61K47/26
ADD.
According to Intemational Patent Cassfeaton (PC) or tobothnatona elatttoaton and IPC
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{DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT
Catgon7 | Ctaton ot docureet, wth heaton, where eppepta, of te eon peeagen aerate,
Y US 2006/093629 Al (BUEHLER GAIL K [US]) 1-15
4 May 2006 (2006-05-04)
example 1
claims 18-37
y WO 03/082243 A1 (VENUS DANILO R [PH]; 1-15
SINGH EULOGIO C [PH] ET AL.)
9 October 2003 (2003-10-09)
examples 1-3
claims 20-26
Y WO 2004/012708 Al (GRUENENTHAL GMBH [DE]; 1-15
KUGELMANN HEINRICH [DE] ET AL.)
12 February 2004 (2004-02-12)
example 1
Y US2006/292214 Al (JENKINS SCOTT [US] ET 1-15
AL) 28 December 2006 (2006-12-28)
claims 1-13
Further documents are listed in the continuation af Box ©, X_| See patent family annex.
peceleategores of ched ooumen lator document published ater he intmatonal ling date or pry
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peo reason (or speed)
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‘he peony date Samed "8 document member ofthe eame patent amy
‘Date of te satel conploton ofthe lamatonal aoaoh ‘Date of maling of he wieranal seek Topo
23 October 2019 31/10/2019
European Pte’ foe, P5818 Patertuan2
fees
Fae (31-1) 9009018 Sindel, Ulrike
Fa POTTSAaIO exons hon) Roa DHINTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT
Teterational aplication No
Information on patent family members PCT/EP2619/672445
Patent dooument Publestion Patent ami Publeation
citedin search report date members) ‘ste
US 2006093629 Al 04-05-2006 AR 051944 Al 21-02-2007
cA 2585855 Al 11-05-2006
CN = 101065111 A 31-10-2007
ep 1809250 AL 25-07-2007
ep 2229937 Al 22-09-2010
US 2006093629 Al 04-05-2006
US 2010226945 AL 09-09-2010
WO 2006050101 Al 11-05-2006
wo 03082243 09-10-2003 2003225444 AL 13-10-2003,
US 2003191192 Al 09-10-2003
WO 03082243 AL 09-10-2003
WO 2004012708 Al 12-02-2004 AU 2003251671 AL 23-02-2004
DE 10234784 Al 19-02-2004
ep 1526838 AL 04-05-2005
ES 2389837 13 02-11-2012
WO 2004012708 AL 12-02-2004
US 2006292214 Al
28-12-2006
AU
BR
cA
cN
EA
ep
oP
KR
US
WO
ZA
2006309295 Al
10-05-2007
PIO611075 AZ 03-08-2010
2610480 Al 10-05-2007
101262860 A 10-09-2008
200702638 Al 28-04-2008
1901728 A2 26-03-2008
2008542396 A 27-11-2008
20080017065 A 25-02-2008
2006292214 AL 28-12-2006
2007053197 A2 10-05-2007
200710764 B
26-08-2009
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