NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

NOVEMBER 2022

LIFE SCIENCES P2
MARKING GUIDELINE

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 10 pages.

2 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)

PRINCIPLES RELATED TO MARKING LIFE SCIENCES

1. If more information than marks allocated is given

Stop marking when maximum marks is reached and put a wavy line and
‘max.’ in the right-hand margin.

2. If, for example, three reasons are required and five are given
Mark the first three irrespective of whether all or some are correct/incorrect.

3. If whole process is given when only a part of it is required

Read all and credit the relevant part.

4. If comparisons are asked for but descriptions are given

Accept if the differences/similarities are clear.

5. If tabulation is required but paragraphs are given

Candidates will lose marks for not tabulating.

6. If diagrams are given with annotations when descriptions are required

Candidates will lose marks.

7. If flow charts are given instead of descriptions

Candidates will lose marks.

8. If sequence is muddled and links do not make sense

Where sequence and links are correct, credit. Where sequence and links are
incorrect, do not credit. If sequence and links become correct again, resume
credit.

9. Non-recognised abbreviations
Accept if first defined in answer. If not defined, do not credit the unrecognised
abbreviation but credit the rest of the answer if correct.

10. Wrong numbering

If answer fits into the correct sequence of questions but the wrong number is
given, it is acceptable.

11. If language used changes the intended meaning

Do not accept.

12. Spelling errors

If recognisable, accept the answer, provided it does not mean something else
in Life Sciences or if it is out of context.

13. If common names are given in terminology

Accept, provided it was accepted at the provincial marking guideline
discussion meeting.

14. If only the letter is asked for but only the name is given (and vice versa)
Do not credit.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 3

15. If units are not given in measurements

Candidates will lose marks. Marking guideline will allocate marks for units
separately.

16. Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different

way.

17. Caption
All illustrations (diagrams, graphs, tables, etc.) must have a caption.

18. Code-switching of official languages (terms and concepts)

A single word or two that appear(s) in any official language other than the
learners’ assessment language used to the greatest extent in his/her answers
should be credited if it is correct. A marker that is proficient in the relevant
official language should be consulted. This is applicable to all official
languages.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 D ✓✓
1.1.2 B ✓✓
1.1.3 B ✓✓
1.1.4 D ✓✓
1.1.5 C ✓✓
1.1.6 C ✓✓
1.1.7 D ✓✓
1.1.8 C ✓✓
1.1.9 D ✓✓ (9 x 2) (18)

1.2 1.2.1 Asymmetry ✓

1.2.2 Sporophyte ✓
1.2.3 (Anopheles) mosquito ✓
1.2.4 androecium ✓
1.2.5 Biological control ✓/ Biocontrol
1.2.6 Mutualism ✓
1.2.7 Poaching ✓
1.2.8 Monoculture ✓ (8 x 1) (8)

1.3 1.3.1 A ONLY ✓✓

1.3.2 NONE ✓✓
1.3.3 BOTH A and B ✓✓ (3 x 2) (6)

1.4 1.4.1 Plantae ✓ (1)

1.4.2 Charophytes, Bryophytes, Pterophytes, Gymnosperms

(1–3 correct) ✓ 4 correct ✓✓ (2)

1.4.3 350 ✓ MYA (1)

1.4.4 Bryophytes ✓ (1)

1.4.5 (a) D ✓ (1)

(b) A ✓ (1)

1.4.6 Algae ✓ (1)

1.5 1.5.1 Predator-Prey ✓ / Predation (1)

1.5.2 (a) The maximum population size that an ecosystem can support ✓✓ (2)

(b) Selectively killing organisms to reduce their population size ✓✓

OR
Removal of animals of inferior quality/to old for breeding from
a herd/flock. (2)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 5

1.5.3 A✓ (1)

1.5.4 1990 ✓ and 1995 ✓ (2)

1.5.5 1995 ✓ (1)

1.5.6 Disease ✓
Competition for food ✓/ water/ space (Any 1 x 1) (1)

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)

QUESTION 2

2.1 2.1.1 Spermatophytes ✓ / Angiosperms (1)

2.1.2 (a) Anther ✓

(b) Corolla ✓

(c) Stigma ✓ (3)

2.1.3 B, C, F,G (1–3 correct) ✓ (All 4 correct) ✓✓ (2)
2.1.4 1✓ (1)
2.1.5 Their stigmas are large ✓/feathery
The stamens are long ✓/protrude out of the flower
Anthers are large ✓ to produce lots of pollen (Any 2 x 1) (2)
2.1.6 Fruit ✓
Flowers ✓ (2)

2.2 2.2.1 Myobacterium ✓ (1)

2.2.2 It does not have a (membrane bound) nucleus. ✓ (1)
2.2.3 (a) slime capsule ✓

(b) flagella ✓

(c) nucleoid / DNA ✓ (3)

2.2.4 A person is given a weak strain of the bacteria ✓
the body will produce antibodies to fight the infection ✓
The antibodies will protect them against a new/stronger infection of
the same germ ✓ (3)

2.2.5 Virus Bacteria

Non-living  Living 
Acellular  Prokaryotic 
Protein coat  Cell wall/membrane 
Table  + (Any 1 x 2) (3)
2.2.6 HIV lowers the body’s immunity ✓ /white blood cell count therefore it
cannot defend the body against TB ✓ (2)

2.3 2.3.1 Fungi grow best in dark ✓ and warm places ✓ (2)

2.3.2 Treatment ✓ on bread (1)

2.3.3 It is the control ✓ (1)

2.3.4 Repeat the investigation ✓ / increase the sample size (1)

2.3.5 Sugar provides energy ✓/food for fungi therefore more food will allow
fungi to grow faster ✓ (2)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 7

2.3.6 Use spray bottle to apply treatments evenly ✓

Place bread in zip lock bags ✓
All slices placed in cupboard ✓
All left for one week ✓ /same time
Same sizes slices of bread ✓
Same quantity (200 mℓ) of treatment (Any 2 x 1) (2)
2.4 2.4.1 Animalia ✓ (1)
2.4.2 Cnideria ✓ (1)
2.4.3 Bilateral ✓ (1)
2.4.4 (a) Ectoderm ✓

(b) Endoderm ✓ (2)

2.4.5 Earthworms tunnel through the soil ✓ which aerates the soil ✓ /
allows water to infiltrate
They eat decomposed dead organic material ✓
The faeces of earthworms are rich in nutrients for plants and enrich
the soil ✓ (4)
2.4.6 Cnideria:
- They are sedentary/sessile animals ✓ therefore radially
symmetry allows them to obtain food and ward off danger
coming from any directions ✓
- They have nerves located over the entire body surface ✓/ there
is no cephalization. This allows them to sense equally all
around. ✓
- The jelly like mesoglea ✓ has a network of nerves that enables
coordinated movement. ✓ (Max. 2 x 2)
Annelids:
- They are very active and move into new environments ✓ with
new dangers frequently.
Therefore, they show cephalization ✓/ need sense organs
accumulated in the area that enters the new environment first
- Since free-living species move actively from place to place they
need muscles ✓
they have developed a mesoderm ✓ from which muscle originate /
They are triploblastic.
- For muscle to work effectively, the body wall of these organisms
needs to work independently from gut walls. ✓ The development
of a coelom ✓ separated the body wall from the gut wall.
(Max. 2 x 2) (8)
[50]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)

QUESTION 3

3.1 3.1.1 It warms up the atmosphere ✓ to sustain life. ✓ (2)

3.1.2 Deforestation ✓
Burning of fossil fuels ✓ / driving cars / production in factories
Large scale cattle farming ✓ / rice paddies (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.1.3 The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere increased ✓

This caused more heat/radiation to be absorbed/trapped by the
atmosphere ✓
and less heat/radiation to be reflected ✓ (3)

3.1.4 Food security is decreased ✓*

Changes in rainfall pattern cause:
- Desertification ✓
- Increased flooding ✓
- and wildfires ✓
- which increases soil erosion ✓ resulting in:
o fewer crops to be planted ✓
o lower crop yields ✓
o less food for livestock ✓
- Higher environment temperature negatively affects livestock ✓ /
crops
- These factors further decrease food availability ✓
- Food becomes more expensive ✓
✓*Compulsory mark + any 4 (5)

3.2 3.2.1 (a) Geometric ✓/ logarithmic / accelerating growth (1)

(b) Decelerating growth ✓ (1)

3.2.2 Logistic ✓ growth form (1)

3.2.3 (a) D ✓ (1)

(b) B ✓ (1)

3.2.4 - Rabbit population had reached carrying capacity ✓

- Environmental resistance occurs ✓/density dependant factors
prevent population from increasing/ food/ space/water becomes
limited
- This prevent population from increasing further ✓ (3)

3.2.5 Mark-recapture ✓ method (1)

3.2.6 40 x 25 ✓ = 250 ✓
4 ✓ (3)

3.2.7 The sample may have been taken from an area the rabbits prefer ✓ /
don’t prefer
Tags may have fallen off ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 9

3.3 3.3.1 A group of organisms of the same species, occupying the same
habitat at the same time, and capable of random breeding. ✓✓ (2)

3.3.2 4% ✓ (1)

3.3.3 5–9 years old ✓ (1)

3.3.4 Females ✓ (1)

3.3.5 Nigeria ✓ (1)

3.3.6 - High birth-rate ✓/ High number of younger people in population

- High death rate ✓ / Less older people in population /Short life
expectancy (2)

3.3.7 - Disease ✓
- Lack of food ✓
- Lack of water ✓
- Lack of space ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1)

3.3.8 Explanation must be for answer given in QUESTION 3.3.7

Disease – humans have developed medical technology ✓ so there
are fewer deaths ✓
Lack of food – mass produce crops ✓ / monoculture / GM foods to
increase crop production ✓
Lack of water – building of dams ✓ to store water for when needed ✓
Lack of space – building high rise apartment building and
skyscrapers ✓ / creating cities and towns so that people can live in a
smaller area of space ✓ (Any 1 x 2) (2)

3.4 3.4.1 Mercury ✓

Asbestos ✓
Brine ✓
Fly ash ✓
Waste oils ✓
Sewage ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.4.2 Methane ✓ (1)

3.4.3 10
✓ x 54 200 000 ✓ = 5 420 000 ✓ tons / 5,42 million tons (3)
100

3.4.4 - Disease carrying animals are attracted to the area by dumpsites ✓

- Dumpsites release dust and unpleasant smells ✓
- Decomposition of pollutants release toxic substances ✓
- Release of methane gas could cause explosions ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022)

3.4.5 - Dig a hole where solid waste is dumped ✓ and then cover it with
soil. ✓
- To prevent the toxic leachate ✓ from reaching the groundwater, a
plastic liner ✓ is placed under the dumpsite area.
- Covering of the old landfill site with clay soil, ✓
and then it is covered with topsoil. ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.4.6 - Re-using ✓ waste products include re-using plastic shopping bags,

re-using glass and plastic containers – this helps to reduce the
waste produced. ✓
- Recycling ✓ waste provides employment, reduces the use of raw
materials and energy pollution. ✓
- Reducing waste ✓ by charging people extra if they generate more
waste ✓
- Fines for people that do not separate the waste into different bins ✓
To encourage citizens to manage waste more efficiently ✓
- Partnership with recycling companies ✓ for improved collection of
different wastes ✓
- Educate people to use organic waste ✓ for example to make
compost ✓ (Any 2 x 2) (4)
[50]

TOTAL SECTION B: 100

GRAND TOTAL: 150

Copyright reserved Please turn over