Chapter 5 Mariano Gil, Augustinian cura of

From Dapitan Trial in Fort Santiago Tondo.

- This led to the arrest of many
Katipuneros. The Katipunan then
Events that happened during Rizal’s trip from
Dapitan to Manila reacted by meeting its members and
deciding to launch the armed revolt in
In Dumaguete, Rizal had visited some friends like a an instant.
former classmate from Madrid and had cured a sick - As a sign to their commitment to the
Guardia Civil captain. revolution, they tore their cedulas.
In Cebu, he carried out four operations and gave - August 29 and 30, the first major
out prescriptions to many other patients. assaults of the Katipunan; they
To Iloilo, he saw the historical Mactan Island; he attacked the Civil Guard military camp
went shopping and saw the Molo church in Iloilo. in Pasig and the 100 Spanish soldiers
The ship then sailed to Capiz, to Romblon, and
protecting the powder magazine in San
finally to Manila.
Juan.
- Spanish reinforcement arrived so about
In Manila
150 Katipuneros were killed and more
than 200 were taken as prisoners.
- There was an attempt by the
- Because of this, the governor-general
Katipuneros to help Rizal escape.
proclaimed a state of war in Manila and
- Emilio Jacinto disguised himself as ship
seven other nearby provinces
crew member, he managed to get close
- August 30, Blanco issued letters of
to Rizal.
recommendation with a letter clearing
- Guillermo Masangkay circled the ship
Rizal of any connection to the raging
in a boat.
revolution.
- September 2, he was transported to
- Rizal arrived in Manila on August 6,
the ship Isla de Panay.
1896, a day after the mail Isla de Luzon
had left for Spain so he had to stay in
Going to Spain
Manila until the next the steamer
- Isla de Panay left Manila for Barcelona
arrived.
the next day.
- September 7, they arrived in Singapore;
- He requested to be isolated from Rizal was urged by some Filipinos like
everyone except his family to avoid Don Pedro Roxas and Singaporean
troubles during his one-month stay in resident Don Manuel Camus to stay in
the ship. the British-controlled territory.
- Behind his back though, Blanco and the
Ministers of War and the Colonies had
- The government then transferred him been exchanging telegrams, planning
to the cruiser Castilla docked at Cavite. his arrest upon reaching Barcelona.
- August 19, the Katipunan’s plan to - September 27, the ship had a stopover
revolt was discovered through a at Port Said in Egypt; the passengers
confession by Teodoro Patiño to had known that the uprising in the
Philippines got worse as thousands of
 Spanish soldiers got dispatched to - Those coerced to testify against Rizal
Manila. were not allowed to be cross-examined
- A day after, he wrote a letter to by the accused (Rizal).
Blumentritt informing him that Rizal - Rizal admitted knowing most of the
received some information that Blanco questions, though he would deny to the
had an order to arrest him. end that he knew either Andres
- Before reaching Malta, he was ordered Bonifacio or Apolinario Mabini.
to stay in his cabin until further orders - 15 pieces of documentary evidence
from Blanco come. were presented
- Isla de Panay anchored at Barcelona on  Rizal’s letters
October 3, 1896. Rizal was placed  Letters of his compatriots, like
under heavy guard by then Military Marcelo del Pilar and Antonio
Commander of Barcelona, General Luna
Eulogio Despujol.  A poem (Kundiman)
- Early morning of October 6, Rizal was  A masonic document
transported to Monjuich prison-  Two transcripts of speech of
fortress. Katipuneros (Emilio Jacinto and
- Afternoon, he was brought to Despujol. Jose Turiano Santiago)
He said that there was an order to ship  Rizal’s poem A Talisay
Rizal back to Manila in the evening. - Testimonial evidences
- Rizal was taken aboard the ship  Oral testimonies of 13 Filipinos,
“Colon”, the ship left for Manila at 8 including that of La Liga officers
pm. like Ambrosio Salvador and
- Rizal was locked up and handcuffed as Deodato Arellano, and the
they reach any port. Katipunero Pio Valenzuela.
- November 26, Olive submitted the
reports to Blanco.
Last Homecoming - Captain Rafael Dominguez was
assigned as a special Judge Advocate in
- November 3, 1896 Rizal was detained Rizal’s case.
in Fort Santiago upon arriving in - He made a summary of the case and
Manila. delivered it to Blanco who later sent it
- Some of his friends, acquaintances, to Judge Advocate-General Don
members of the La Liga, and even his Nicolas dela Peña.
brother was tortured and forcibly - After examining the case he
questioned to gather evidences against recommended the following:
him.  Rizal be instantly brought to
- Rizal underwent a series of trial
interrogations administered by Colonel  He be kept in jail
Francisco Olive – the military leader
 An order of attachment be
who led the troops that forced Rizal
issued against his property
family out from their Calamba home in
1890.
  A Spanish army officer be speech of Prosecuting Attorney
permitted to defend him in Enrique de Alcocer.
court - Alcocer dramatically mentioned
- December 8, Rizal was given the right Spanish soldiers who died in the Filipino
to choose his lawyer from a list of 100 traitorous revolt and discriminately
Spanish army officers. described Rizal as “a typical Oriental”
- He chose Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade - He petitioned for a death sentence for
who turned out to be the younger Rizal and an indemnity of twenty
brother of his bodyguard-friend in thousand pesos.
Calamba in 1887, Jose Taviel de - Lt. Andrade tried his very best to save
Andrade. his client by reading his responsive
- December 11, the formal charges were defense, stressing too, that it was
read to Rizal in his prison cell natural for anyone to yearn for liberty
- He was accused of being the main and independence.
organizer and the “living soul” of the - Rizal was allowed to read his
revolution since he built up ideas of complementary defense; the logical
rebellion and founded illegal proofs that he could have not taken
organizations. part in the revolution and that La Liga
- He pleaded not guilty of rebellion; he was distinct from Katipunan.
also explained that La Liga was just a - He argued that he even advised the
civic organization Katipunan emissary not to pursue the
- December 13, Camilo G. de Polavieja plan of revolt; the revolutionist had
replaced Blanco as governor-general; used his name without his knowledge;
papers of Rizal’s criminal case was sent he could have escaped either in Dapitan
to Malacañang. or Singapore if he were guilty.
- December 15, Rizal wrote a manifesto - La Liga died out upon his exile; it did not
appealing to the revolutionaries to serve the purpose of uprising. And that
abort the uprising and pursue to attain he had no knowledge about its
liberty by means of education and reformation.
labor. - Lt. Col. Arjona declared the trial over.
- The entire defense was indifferently
disregarded in Rizal’s mock trial as it
The Rat in the Kangaroo Court instantaneously considered him guilty.
- The jury unanimously voted for the
- Morning of December 26, Rizal death sentence.
appeared in the kangaroo court inside - Jose Rizal was found guilty, and the
the military building, Cuartel de sentence was death by firing squad.
España. - December 28, Governor-General
- He was tried before seven members of Polavieja signed the court decision and
the military court with Lt. Colonel Jose decreed the guilty be executed by firing
Togores Arjona as president. squad at 7 am of December 30, 1896 at
- Judge Advocate Dominguez presented Bagumbayan (Luneta).
Rizal’s case followed by the lengthy - Rizal stoically signed his own death
sentence.