School of Information Science

Introduction to Emerging Technologies

(EmTe 1012)

Instructor: Tsegaye Berhanu

 Chapter 1

Introduction to Emerging Technologies

Instructor: Tsegaye Berhanu

 Outline
Evolution of Technologies

Role of Data for Emerging Technologies

Enabling devices and networks for Technologies

Human to Machine Interaction

Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

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 Objective of the Course
After completing this chapter, students will be able to:
 Develop knowledge about the era of industrial evolutions
 Identify the technological advances that made the industrial revolution
possible
 Analyze the changing conditions created by the industrial revolution in
both Europe and the united states
 Understand the causes of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain,
continental Europe, and the United States.
 Describe the technological innovations that incited industrialization
 Identifies and understand the programmable device
 Understand the design of human-computer interfaces
 Develop general knowledge about emerging technologies

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 Emerging Technology
 Emerging technology (ET) is a term generally used to
describe a new technology.

 But it may also refer to the continuing development of

existing technology in different areas.

 It can have slightly different meanings when used in

different areas, such as media, business, science, or
education.
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 Emerging Technology
 ET commonly refers to technologies that are
currently developing, or that are expected to be
available within the next five to ten years.
 ETs usually are creating or are expected to create
significant social or economic effects.
 Technological evolution is a theory of radical
transformation of society through technological
development.

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 Technology and Evolution

Technology:
 the application of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, especially in industry.
 systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique
 Technology is the skills, methods, and processes
used to achieve goals
Evolution:
 evolution means the process of developing by
gradual changes.

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 Currently available emerged technologies
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Blockchain
 Augmented Reality (AR)
 Virtual Reality (VR)
 Cloud Computing
 Angular and React
 DevOps (development and operations)
 Internet of Things (IoT)
 Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
 Big Data
 Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)
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 Introduction to the
Industrial Revolution (IR)
 IR was a period of major industrialization and
innovation that took place during the late 1700s and
early 1800s.
 An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a
society shifts from using:
tools to make products to use new sources
of energy, such as coal, to power machines in
factories.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
 The revolution started in England, with a series of
innovations to make labor more efficient and
productive.
 The Industrial Revolution was a time when the
manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and
homes to large factories. This shift brought about
changes in culture as people moved from rural areas
to big cities in order to work.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
 The American Industrial Revolution (II Industrial
Revolution), started sometime between 1820 and
1870.
 The impact of changing the way items was
manufactured had a wide reach.
 Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass
making, and agriculture all had undergone changes.
 For example, prior to the Industrial Revolution,
textiles were primarily made of wool and were
handspun.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
 I Industrial Revolution
 mechanization through water and steam power
 II Industrial Revolution
 mass production and assembly lines using electricity in the
second
 III Industrial Revolution
 the adoption of computers and automation machines.
 IV Industrial Revolution
 enhanced with smart and autonomous systems fueled by
data and machine learning.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
The following industrial revolutions fundamentally
changed and transfered the world around us into
modern society.
 The steam engine
 The age of science and mass production
 The rise of digital technology
Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and
machine learning

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
Some Inventions of the Industrial Revolution are:
 Transportation:  Communication.
 The Steam Engine  The Telegraph
 The Transatlantic Cable
 The Railroad
 The Phonograph
 The Diesel Engine  The Telephone
 The Airplane  Industry:
 The Cotton Gin
 The Sewing Machine
 Electric Lights

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 Historical Background
(IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
 The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late
1770s before spreading to the rest of Europe.
 The first European countries to be industrialized after
England were Belgium, France, and the German states.
 The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the effects
created by the Agricultural Revolution.
 As previously stated, the Industrial Revolution began in
Britain in the 18th century due in part to an increase in
food production, which was the key outcome of the
Agricultural Revolution.

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 Industrial Revolution
The four types of industries are:
 The primary industry involves getting raw materials
e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
 The secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g.
making cars and steel.
 Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching
and nursing.
 The quaternary industry involves research and
development industries e.g. IT.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
 The Industrial Revolution is described as a transition
to new manufacturing processes.
 The Industrial Revolution was first coined in the
1760s, during the time where this revolution began.
 The transitions in the first Industrial Revolution
included going from hand production methods to
machines, to the increasing use of steam power
 The development of machine tools and the rise of the
factory system.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
 The Second IR, also known as the Technological Revolution,
began somewhere in the 1870s.
 The advancements in IR 2.0 included the development of
methods for manufacturing interchangeable parts and
widespread adoption of pre-existing technological systems
such as telegraph and railroad networks.
 This adoption allowed the vast movement of people and ideas,
enhancing communication.
 Moreover, new technological systems were introduced, such
as electrical power and telephones.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
 IR 3.0 introduced the transition from mechanical and
analog electronic technology to digital electronics
which began from the late 1950s.
 Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0 was
given the nickname, “Digital Revolution”.
 The core factor of this revolution is the mass
production and widespread use of digital logic circuits
and its derived technologies such as the computer,
handphones and the Internet.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
 These technological innovations have enabling people
to communicate with another without the need of
being physically present.
 Certain practices that were enabled during IR 3.0 is
still being practiced until this current day
 Example of IR 3.0 is the production of digital
computers and digital records.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
 The IR 4.0 is characterized by the new advancements
in various technologies such as:
 Robotics
 Internet of things
 Additive manufacturing and
 Autonomous vehicles
 The term “Fourth Industrial Revolution” or IR 4.0 was
coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive
chairman of World Economic Forum, in the year
2016.
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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
 The technologies mentioned above are what you
called the cyber-physical systems.
 A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is
controlled or monitored by computer-based
algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its
users.

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
 One example that is being widely practiced in
industries today is the usage of Computer Numerical
Control (CNC) machines. These machines are
operated by giving it instructions using a computer.
 Another major breakthrough that is associated with IR
4.0 is the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI),
where we can see it being implemented into our
smartphones.
 AI is also one of the main elements that give life to
Autonomous Vehicles and Automated Robots.
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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

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Introduction to Emerging Technologies
 Role of Data for Emerging
Technologies
 Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic
asset since we are living in the age of big data.
 Data drives or even determines the future of
science, technology, the economy, and possibly
everything in our world today and tomorrow.
 Data presents enormous challenges that in turn
bring incredible innovation and economic
opportunities.
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 Role of Data for Emerging
Technologies
 The innovation and economic opportunities
could be created, transformed, and/or adjusted
by understanding, exploring, and utilizing data.
 Data-intensive scientific discovery as an
emerging technology, is the so-called “fourth
industrial revolution,”

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 Role of Data for Emerging
Technologies
 The potential of data science and data analytics that
enables data-driven theory, economy, and
professional development is increasingly being
recognized.
 Data science involves not only core disciplines
such as computing, informatics, and statistics,
but also the broad-based fields of business, social
science, and health/medical science.
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 Enabling Devices and Networks
(Programmable devices)
 In the world of digital electronic systems,
there are four basic kinds of devices:
Memory
Microprocessors
Logic
Networks

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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)
 Memory devices store random information such as
the contents of a spreadsheet or database.

 Microprocessors execute software instructions to

perform a wide variety of tasks such as running a word
processing program or video game.

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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)
Logic devices provide specific functions, including:
 Device-to-device interfacing,
 Data communication
 Signal processing
 Data display
 Timing and control operations, and
 Almost every other function a system must
perform.
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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)
 The network is a collection of computers,
servers, mainframes, network devices,
peripherals, or other devices connected to one
another to allow the sharing of data.

 An excellent example of a network is the

Internet, which connects millions of people all
over the world
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 Programmable devices

Why is a computer referred to as a programmable device?

• Because what makes a computer is that it follows a
set of instructions.
• Many electronic devices are computers that perform
only one operation, but they are still following
35 instructions that reside permanently in the unit.
 Some of the Programmable devices
 Achronix Speedster SPD60
 Actel’s
 Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
 Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
 Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip
(PSoC) family
 Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
 Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
 Silicon Blue Technologies
 Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
 Xmos Semiconductor L series
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 Programmable devices
A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:

 Channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)

 Modems
 Routers
 Switches
 Conferencing equipment
 Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
 Hosting equipment and servers

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 Human to Machine Interaction
 Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the
communication and interaction between a
human and a machine via a user interface.

 Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as

gestures have gained increasing attention as they
allow humans to control machines through
natural and intuitive behaviors
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 HCI-Human to Machine Interaction
 HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of
how people interact with computers and to what
extent computers are or are not developed for
successful interaction with human beings.
 As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts:
 The user
 The computer itself, and
 The ways they work together.

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 Human to Machine Interaction
How do users interact with computers?
 The user interacts directly with hardware for
the human input and output such as displays,
e.g. through a graphical user interface.
 The user interacts with the computer over this
software interface using the given input and
output (I/O) hardware.

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 Human to Machine Interaction
How important is human-computer interaction?
 The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between
users and computers by making computers more
user-friendly and approachable to the user's needs.
 The main advantages of HCI are simplicity, ease of
deployment & operations and cost savings for smaller
set-ups.
 They also reduce solution design time and integration
complexity.
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 Human to Machine Interaction
Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction.
 Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information
processing, performance prediction, cooperative working,
and capabilities.
 Computer science: Including graphics, technology,
prototyping tools, user interface management systems.
 Linguistics.
 Engineering and design.
 Artificial intelligence.
 Human factors.

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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Emerging technology trends in 2019
 5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Blockchain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces
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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Some emerging technologies that will shape the future
of you and your business
 Emerging technologies are taking over our minds more and
more each day. These are very high-level emerging
technologies though.
 EMs sound like tools that will only affect the top tier of
technology companies who employ the world’s top 1% of
geniuses. This is totally wrong. Chatbots, virtual/augmented
reality, blockchain, Ephemeral Apps and Artificial
Intelligence are already shaping your life whether you like it
or not.
 At the end of the day, you can either adapt or die.
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