Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 1

Syllabus of B.Pharm. program

Effective from session 2010-2011

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA

Syllabus of the Faculty of Pharmacy

for
B. Pharm. Course (five years)
for the
Sessions: 2010-2011 and onwards
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 2
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

Faculty of Pharmacy

University of Dhaka

Syllabus of B. Pharm.
From session 2010-2011 (Grading system)

The courses of study for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy under the Faculty of Pharmacy shall
extend over five academic years. The examination shall be taken in 5 parts under the following
heads:

B. Pharm. Professional Year I Examination

Total Credit hours 41.
Examination to be held at the end of the first year of study

B. Pharm. Professional Year II Examination

Total Credit hours 40.
Examination to be held at the end of the second year of study

B. Pharm. Professional Year III Examination

Total Credit hours 40.
Examination to be held at the end of the third year of study

B. Pharm. Professional Year IV Examination

Total Credit hours 44.
Examination to be held at the end of the fourth year of study

B. Pharm. Professional Year V Examination

Total Credit hours 34.
Examination to be held at the end of the fifth year of study

Theory Class Practical Class

For 4 credit courses- 60 hours 30 hours for 1 credit laboratory courses
For 2 credit courses- 30 hours

Duration of Theory Examination Duration of Practical Examination

For 4 credit courses - 4 hours 6 hours for 1 credit courses.
For 2 credit courses - 2 hours

Assignment of Marks
4 credit theory course 100 1 credit practical course 25
2 credit theory course 50 1 & 2 credit viva voce 25 & 50

Industrial Training: Students are required to complete at least 4 weeks of in-plant

training in reputed pharmaceutical industries at the end of B. Pharm. Part IV examination.

Hospital Training: Students are required to complete at least 3 months training in

reputed hospitals and clinics at the end of B. Pharm. Part V examination.
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 3
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

Listing of Pharmacy Courses

and Credit Hours

B. Pharm. Professional Year I

PHR 101 Introduction to Pharmacy Credit Hr: 2

PHR 102 Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 102L Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I -Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 103 Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 103L Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 104 Physical Pharmacy-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 104L Physical Pharmacy-I-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 105 Pharmacognosy-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 105L Pharmacognosy-I-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 106 Physiology-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 106L Physiology-I-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 107 Pharmaceutical Microbiology Credit Hr: 4
PHR 107L Pharmaceutical Microbiology-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 108 Basic Anatomy Credit Hr: 2
PHR 109 Computer Applications in Pharmacy Credit Hr: 2
MAT 110 Mathematics & Fundamentals of Statistics Credit Hr: 4
PHR 111 Viva voce Credit Hr: 1
Total Credit Hours 41

B. Pharm. Professional Year II

PHR 201 Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II Credit Hr: 4

PHR 201L Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 202 Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II Credit Hr: 4
PHR 203 Physical Pharmacy-II Credit Hr: 4
PHR 203L Physical Pharmacy-II-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 204 Pharmacognosy-II Credit Hr: 4
PHR 204L Pharmacognosy-II-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 205 Physiology-II Credit Hr: 4
PHR 205L Physiology-II-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 206 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Credit Hr: 4
PHR 206L Biochemistry & Molecular Biology-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 207 Pharmaceutical Technology-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 207L Pharmaceutical Technology-I-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 208 Pharmacology-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 208L Pharmacology-I-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 209 Viva voce Credit Hr: 1
Total Credit Hours 40
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 4
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

B. Pharm. Professional Year III

PHR 301 Pharmaceutical Analysis-I Credit Hr: 4

PHR 301L Pharmaceutical Analysis-I-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 302 Medicinal Chemistry-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 302L Medicinal Chemistry-I-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 303 Pharmacology-II Credit Hr: 4
PHR 303L Pharmacology-II-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 304 Clinical Pathology Credit Hr: 2
PHR 305 Pharmaceutical Technology-II Credit Hr: 4
PHR 305L Pharmaceutical Technology-II-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 306 Pharmaceutical Engineering Credit Hr: 4
PHR 307 Biopharmaceutics-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 307L Biopharmaceutics-I-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 308 Applied Microbiology Credit Hr: 2
PHR 309 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Credit Hr: 2
PHR 310 Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management Credit Hr: 4
PHR 311 Viva voce Credit Hr: 1
Total Credit Hours 40

B. Pharm. Professional Year IV

PHR 401 Pharmaceutical Analysis-II Credit Hr: 4

PHR 401L Pharmaceutical Analysis-II-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 402 Medicinal Chemistry-II Credit Hr: 4
PHR 402L Medicinal Chemistry-II-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 403 Pharmacology-III Credit Hr: 4
PHR 403L Pharmacology-III-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 404 Disease Management-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 405 Clinical Pharmacy Credit Hr: 4
PHR 406 Pharmaceutical Technology-III Credit Hr: 4
PHR 406L Pharmaceutical Technology-III-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 407 Biopharmaceutics -II Credit Hr: 4
PHR 407L Biopharmaceutics-II-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 408 Cosmetology Credit Hr: 2
PHR 408L Cosmetology-Lab Credit Hr: 1
PHR 409 Pharmacy Practice-I Credit Hr: 4
PHR 410 Industrial Training Credit Hr: 2
PHR 411 Viva voce Credit Hr: 2

Total Credit Hours 44

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 5
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

B. Pharm. Professional Year V

PHR 501 Quality Control & Analytical Method Validation Credit Hr: 4
PHR 501L Quality Control & Analytical Method Validation- Credit Hr: 1
Lab
PHR 502 Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Herbal Credit Hr: 2
Medicine
PHR 503 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Credit Hr: 4
PHR 504 Disease Management-II Credit Hr: 4
PHR 505 Clinical Research and Clinical Credit Hr: 4
Pharmacokinetics
PHR 505L Clinical Research and Clinical Credit Hr: 1
Pharmacokinetics-Lab
PHR 506 Pharmacy Practice-II Credit Hr: 4
PHR 507 Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs Credit Hr: 2
PHR 508 Hospital Training Credit Hr: 4
PHR 509 Project and Dissertation Credit Hr: 2
PHR 510 Viva voce Credit Hr: 2
Total Credit Hours 34
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 6
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

Detailed description and course contents of Five year

Bachelor of Pharmacy Program

B. Pharm. Professional Year I

PHR 101 Introduction to Pharmacy

Credit Hr: 2

1. History and evaluation of Pharmacy: Ancient ages, middle ages, modern ages,
development of pharmacy in Bangladesh, important pharmacy dates.
2. Pharmacy education and its specialty: Brief introduction of the courses taught in a
pharmacy program, pharmacy education in Bangladesh, pharmacy education in other
countries.
3. Differences between occupation and profession: Pharmacy as a profession, definition
and characteristics of pharmacy profession, social recognition and status of pharmacy
profession, scopes and opportunities for pharmacists, career development in pharmacy –
international and Bangladesh perspective.
4. Different systems of medicine: Allopathic, ayurvedic, unani and homeopathic systems of
medicine, other systems of medicine, recent interests in herbal medicines.
5. Pharmacists’ code of ethics: Oath of a pharmacist, professional pharmacy organizations
in Bangladesh and abroad, local and foreign drug regulatory bodies.
6. Definition of drugs and medicines: Sources of drugs, classification of drugs on the basis
of actions, target organs and uses, chemical, generic and brand names, different types of
dosage forms.
7. Drug standards: Pharmacopoeias and formularies (USP, BP, NF, BNF, BDNF etc.),
monographs of drugs, drug regulation and control.
8. Pharmacy information resources: Books, reference and test books, journals, software etc.
pharmacy information in the internet, pharmacy journals – home and abroad, study of
scientific papers.
9. Some common terms and abbreviations used in pharmaceutical sciences.
Recommended books
1. Introduction to Pharmacy, Dr. Md. Shah Amran, 1st edition, 2010, Krishnachura
Prokashoni, Dhanmondhi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2. Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical sector and Healthcare, Dr. Md. Shah Amran, 1st edition,
2009, Shova Prokashoni, Bangla Bazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

PHR 102 Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I

Credit Hr: 4

1. Review of atomic structures and chemical bonds: An elementary treatment of theories of

atomic structures, quantum numbers, Pauli’s exclusion principle, origin of spectral lines.
Electronic concept of valency, different types of chemical bonds e.g. ionic, covalent, co-
ordinate covalent, metallic, dipole, hydrogen bond etc., theories of covalent bonding and
hybridization.
2. Classification of elements: Modern periodic table and periodic law, variation of properties
within periods and groups, usefulness and limitations of periodic table.
3. Chemistry of alkali and alkaline earth metals: General characteristics of alkali and
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 7
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

alkaline earth metals, chemistry of group IA & II elements and their compounds, comparison
of alkaline earth metals with alkali metals, physiological importance and pharmaceutical
applications of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
4. Chemistry of co-ordination compounds: Ligands or co-ordinating groups, monodentate
or unidentate ligands, polydentate ligands, co-ordination number, co-ordination sphere,
chelation, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes, application of chelate formation,
isomerism of co-ordination compounds, Warner's co-ordination theory, Sidgwick’s electronic
concept of co-ordinate bond in co-ordination compounds, valence bond theory,
pharmaceutical importance of chelation.
5. Medicinal gases: Medicinal gases (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, nitrous oxide,
mixtures), components, containers and closures, production and process control, packaging
and labelling, holding and distribution, laboratory controls, return and salvage of drug
products.
6. Inert or noble gases: Sources, electronic configuration and inertness, isolation of inert
gases from dry air (chemical method) and liquid air (physical method), physical & chemical
properties and uses of noble gases, conditions and types of compounds formed by inert
gases.

PHR Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I-Lab

102L Credit Hr: 1

Qualitative analysis of inorganic ions and radicals:

Na+, K+, Ca+2, Al+3, Mg+2, Fe+2, Mn+, Ag+, Cu+ Cu+2, Cl-, Br-, I- and, CO3-, SO4-2, NO3-,
PO4-3 etc.

PHR 103 Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I

Credit Hr: 4

1. Introduction: History of organic chemistry, classification of organic compounds, systematic

naming of organic compounds, electronegativity, polarity of molecules, structure and
physical properties, intermolecular forces, inductive effects, bond length, bond angles and
bond strength, carbonium ions, carbanions, electrophiles, nucleophiles, free radicals,
hydrogen bonding, m.p., b.p., solubility of organic compounds etc. Aromaticity, benzene and
substituted benzenes, electrophilic aromatic substitution etc.
2. Chemistry of aliphatic compounds
(a) Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes: Properties, nomenclature, preparations, identifications,
reactions and pharmaceutical applications of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
(b) Aldehydes and ketones: Properties, nomenclature, preparations, identifications,
reactions and pharmaceutical applications.
(c) Alcohols, ethers and epoxides: Properties, nomenclature, preparations, identifications,
reactions and pharmaceutical applications.
(d) Carboxylic acids: Properties, nomenclature, preparations, identifications, reactions and
pharmaceutical applications.
(e) Amines: Properties, nomenclature, preparations, identifications, reactions and
pharmaceutical applications.
3. Chemistry of aromatic compounds:
a. Simple aromatic compounds
b. Aromatic halogen compounds
c. Aromatic nitro compounds
d. Aromatic amino compounds
e. Diazonium salts and related compounds
f. Sulphonic acids
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 8
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

g. Phenols
h. Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones
i. Aromatic acids

PHR Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I-Lab

103L Credit Hr: 4

Identification of simple organic compounds through physical and chemical analyses.

Synthesis of simple compounds using name reactions.

PHR 104 Physical Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I

Credit Hr: 4

1. Chemical equilibrium: Law of mass action, determination of equilibrium constant,

heterogeneous equilibrium and homogeneous equilibrium, the Le Chartelier principle, Van’t
Hoff equation.
2. Chemical thermodynamics: Introduction, the first law of thermodynamics, work, energy
and heat, work of expansion, internal energy, determination of internal energy, heat change
at constant volume and constant pressure, thermodynamic reversibility, work of isothermal
reversible expansion of gases, the maximum work under the isothermal expansion of a gas,
heat capacities, difference between molar heats, Adiabatic processes, Joule- Thomson
experiment.
Thermochemistry and thermochemical law: Second law of thermodynamics, Carnot’s cycle
and efficiency of a perfect engine, the concept of entropy and entropy changes for an ideal
gas expansion, entropy changes of materials under various conditions, free energy and
work functions, Gibbs Helmholtz equation, free energy changes under equilibrium, the
Clausius-Claperon equation.
3. Phase equilibria: Phase, components and degree of freedom, the phase rules and its
thermodynamic deviation, the phase diagrams of water and sulphur systems, partially
miscible liquid pairs: the phenol and water, nicotine water system; completely miscible liquid
pairs and their separation by fractional distillation; freeze drying (lyophilization).
4. Solution: Types and properties of solution, units of concentration, ideal and real solution,
Henry’s law, distributin of solids between two immiscible liquids, distribution law, partition
coefficient, solvent extraction.
5. Solution of electrolytes: Concentration expressions, equivalent weights, colligative
properties of dilute solution, osmotic pressure, measurement of osmotic pressure, Van’t Hoff
and Morse equations for osmotic pressure, coefficients for expressing colligative properties.
6. Ionic equilibria: Modern theories of acids, bases and salts, acid-base equilibria, Sorensen’s
pH scale, species concentration as a function of pH, calculation of pH, acidity constants.
7. Buffer and isotonic solutions: Buffer equations, buffer capacity, buffer in pharmaceutic
and biologic systems, buffered isotonic solutions, methods of adjusting tonicity and pH.

PHR Physical Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I-Lab

104L Credit Hr: 1

1. Standardization of acids and bases.

2. Determination of pKa and pKb values.
3. Preparation of solution of different pH & buffer capacity.
4. Determination of phase diagram of binary systems.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 9
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

5. Determination of distribution coefficients.

6. Determination of mol. Wt. by Victor Meyer’s method.
7. Determination of heat of solution by measuring solubility as a function of temperature.

PHR 105 Pharmacognosy-I

Credit Hr: 4

1. Definition and scope of pharmacognosy: Its historical development.

2. Official, nonofficial and unofficial drugs: Definition, differences, examples etc.
3. Structures of the cell as a unit: Its function and form, introduction to the general structure
of the morphological parts of the plants.
4. Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distribution, cultivation, collection, drying and
storage, commerce and quality control, classification of drugs, preparation of drugs for
commercial market, drug adulteration, evaluation of crude drugs.
5. Plant analysis: Extraction, separation, chromatography; types of plant constituents,
comparative phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy.
6. Phytochemistry and pharmaceutical uses of the following plant constituents along
with consideration of some important drugs of each group:
(a) Lipids: Castor oil, Linseed oil, Coconut oil, Olive oil, Peanut oil, Chaulmoogra oil and
Bees wax.
(b) Carbohydrate and related compounds: Sugars and sugar containing drugs- dextrose,
liquid glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose etc. Polysaccharide containing drugs- starches,
dextrins etc. Gums and mucilages- tragacanth, acacia, sterculia, sodium alginate, agar,
cellulose.
(c) Alkaloid: Distribution, properties, tests, extraction, structure types and classification.
7. Contribution of traditional drugs to modern medicines: Details of some common
indigenous traditional drugs: Punarnava, Vashaka, Anantamul, Arjuna, Chirata, Picrorhiga,
Kalomegh, Amla, Asoka, Bahera, Haritaki, Tulsi, Neem, Betel nut, Joan, Karela, Shajna,
Carrot, Bael, Garlic, Black Cumin, Jam and Madar.
8. Vitamins and vitamin containing few selected animal drugs: Definition of vitamins,
general uses, classification, structurers of vitamins, vitamin containing animal drugs- Cod
liver oil, Shark liver oil, Hilsha fish/liver oil etc.
9. Surgical dressings and fibres: Classification, importance and brief study of different types
of surgical dressings and fibres.

PHR Pharmacognosy-I-Lab
105L Credit Hr: 1

1. The cell, cell contents and cell types.

The cell - (a) some cellular organism, chalk & diatomite. (b) Fungi- Mucor or rhizopus,
aspergillus, pencillium, ergot and yeast.
Cell contents – Starches and derivatives, calcium carbonate, silica.
Cell types – Parenchyma and modifications – colocynth, nux-vomica, endosperm, cinnamon
powder, tea, labiatae stem, parenchyma-pericyclic fibres jute, xylem fibres and vessels-
liquorice, tracheids-pinus wood.
2. Epidetamal cells and associated structures (trichomes stomata etc.), leaves of belladonna,
mentha, rosemary, senna, Indian hemp, digitalis etc. Seed trichomes- cotton and nux-
vomica seeds, cork cells- cascara sagrada.
3. Study of some groups of unorganized white and off-white powder and whole drugs:
(a) General tests for carbohydrates.
(b) Preparation and examination of starches and related products.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 10
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

(c) Examination of gums: Acacia, tragacanth, sterculia agar and alginates.

4. Study of some medical plants of Bangladesh.
5. Extraction and tests of alkaloids, lipids etc.

PHR 106 Physiology-I

Credit Hr: 4

1. General physiology: Physiology and its scope in pharmacy, structure of cell, its various
organells and functions, cell division, body fluid compartments and its composition, transport
across cell membrane and membrane potentials, haemostasis.
2. Tissue: Definition, classification, characteristics, distribution, minute structures and
functions of different tissue, bone and cartilage.
3. Blood system: Composition and functions of blood, plasma and its components, plasma
proteins and their functions, blood coagulation, blood transfusion and blood groups,
haemolysis, ESR, blood forming cells- characteristics, functions, their formation and
destruction; haemoglobin- its structure, properties, function and haemoglobin derivatives;
anemia- definition and classification, causes and clinical features of various anemia.
4. Cardiovascular system: Heart- structure and blood circulation, cardiac muscles, their
properties, origin of heart beat and action potential, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, cardiac
output, ECG, regulation of cardiac function, blood pressure- types, significance,
measurement and regulation, hypertension-types and causes.
5. Digestive system: Structure of different parts of alimentary system, gastrointestinal motility
and its control, swallowing and defaecation; secretion of digestive juices from saliva,
stomach, pancreas; functions of digestive juices and their mechanism and regulation of
secretions; digestion and absorption of various food stuffs; liver- its function, formation of
bile and its circulation.
6. Respiratory system: Organs of respiratory system and its structure, inspiration and
expiration, mechanism of respiration, pulmonary ventillation, ventillation volumes, gaseous
exchange through lungs, carriage of O2 and CO2, hypoxia- causes and classification.

PHR Physiology-I-Lab
106L Credit Hr: 1

1. Study of compound microscope.

2. Microscopical study of blood cells: R.B.C., W.B.C., and platelets.
3. Estimation of hemoglobin.
4. Total count of R.B.C.
5. Total count of W.B.C.
6. Differential count of W.B.C.
7. Determination of clotting and bleeding time.
8. Examination of clot under the microscope.
9. Effect of chemical agents on R.B.C.
10. Fragility test of R.B.C.
11. Determination of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
12. Examination of Haemin crystals.

PHR 107 Pharmaceutical Microbiology

 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 11
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

Credit Hr: 4

1. Introduction to microbiology: Microbiology as a field of biology, place of microbiology in

the living field, prokaryotic and eucaryotic protests, group of microorganisms, areas of
microbiology, applications of microbiology.
2. History and evolution of microbiology: Spontaneous generation and biogenesis, germs
theory of diseases, pure culture concept, immunization, widening horizons.
3. Microscopic observations of microorganisms: Bright field, dark field, fluorescence and
phase contrast microscopy, electronic microscopy, preparations for microscopic
examinations, wet mount and hanging drop techniques, fixed and stained smears,
microbiological stains- simple and differential staining methods.
4. Bacteria: Nomenclature of bacteria, morphology and fine structures, nutritional
requirements, bacteriological media, growth and reproduction, quantitative measurements of
bacterial growth, maintenance and preservation of pure culture of bacteria.
5. Microorganisms other than bacteria (brief study):
a) Yeasts –Types, morphology, reproduction and physiology, pathogenic yeasts.
b) Rickettsiae – Introduction, characteristics of rickettsiae, pathogenic rickettsiae,
laboratory diagnosis of rickettsial diseases.
c) Viruses – History of viruses, classification of viruses, characteristics of viruses,
reproduction and cultivation of viruses, virus inhibition, control of viral infections, bacterial
virus or bacteriophages, morphology and composition, cultivation of bacterial viruses,
reproduction of bacterial viruses.
6. Basic concepts of immunology: Introduction, types of immune systems, non specific and
specific components of the immune system, immuno regulation and diversity, types of
immunity, Infections, pathogenicity and virulence immunity, hypersensitivity, Inflammation,
autoimmunity, cancer immunotherapy, immunodiagnostics and immunological products
(vaccines, toxoids, sera).

PHR Pharmaceutical Microbiology-Lab

107L Credit Hr: 1

1. Identification and characterization of bacteria.

2. Staining of bacterial cells and spores.
3. Preparation of pure bacterial cultures.
4. Preparation of pure culture and its identification.
5. Bacterial counts.

PHR 108 Basic Anatomy

Credit Hr: 2

1. Alimentary system: Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, caecum,
appendix, colon, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal.
2. Cardiovascular system: Heart, ascending aorta, arch of the aorta, descending thoracic
aorta, abdominal aorta.
3. Respiratory system: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lung.
4. Urinary system: Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
5. Reproductive system:
Female-ovary, uterus with fallopian tube, cervix, vagina.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 12
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

Male- Testis, ductus diferens, seminal vesiele, prostate, urethra.

External genitalia: male- scrotum, penis; female-Labium majora, L.minora, clitories vaginal
orifice.
6. Nervous system: CNS: Brain & spinal cord; PNS: spinal nerve & autonomic nervous
system (sympathetic & parasympathetic).
7. Endocrine gland: Pituitary gland, thyroid & parathyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland,
ovary, testis.
8. Exocrine gland: Parotid gland, submandibular gland, pancreas.
9. Metabolic organ: Liver with gall bladder.
10. Reticulo endothelial system: Spleen, thymus, tonsil, lymph node, bone marrow.

PHR 109 Computer Applications in Pharmacy

Credit Hr: 2

(The course will be conducted by both theoretical and practical classes.)

1. Historical development of computers: Classification of computers, organization and

functional parts of central processing unit, memory and memory organizations, input / output
media and devices, storage devices, hardware and software.
2. Operating system, windows, office applications: Word processing (MS Word), data
management and database analysis (MS Excel), presentation tools (MS power point),
graphics management (Adobe Photoshop), specialized applications – chemdraw, reference
citation manager, SPSS etc.
3. Computer and communication: Networking, internet - scopes and applications, pharmacy
resources in the world wide web.
4. Computer applications in pharmacy: Drug discovery and development, formulation and
dosage form research and development, hospital management, prescription and patient
management, preclinical and clinical trials, biopharmaceutical data analysis, industry
management, quality control and analysis, chemo-informatics and bioinformatics, drug
information system etc.

MAT 110 Mathematics & Fundamentals of Statistics

Credit Hr: 4

Section A: Mathematics
1. Graphs and gradients: (a) Rectangular co-ordinates, curve fitting gusting first degree
equation in both variables, determination of slope, intercept and points of intersection,
equation of first degree in both x and y (circle), ellipse, rectangular hyperbola etc. (b)
Exponential and logarithmic curves, graphical solution equation, graphical solution of
simultaneous equation. (c) Arithmetic progression, geometric progression, permutation,
combination, the binomial theorem and exponential theorem.
2. Calculus: (a) Rate of process, rules of differentiation, successive and partial differentiation,
differentiation of a function of a function relation between the derivatives of inverse function.
(b) Rules of integration- integration as a summation, area under a curve, integration by
partial fraction, graphical integration.
3. Matrices: Addition0, subtraction and multiplication of matrices, unit matrix, row
transformation, determinants, inverse of a matrix, solution of equation by matrix.

Section B: Statistics
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 13
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

1. Graphical and diagrammatic representation: Graphs and diagrams.

2. Measurement of central tendency: Arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean,
median and mode.
3. Measures of dispersion: Range of mean deviation, variance, coefficient of variance,
standard deviation.
4. Moments, skewness and kurtosis.
5. Probability distribution: The normal, binominal and Poisson distribution, derivation, means
and variances.
6. The basic ideas of significance test: Simple significance tests based on the normal
distribution, comparison with a known standard, comparison of means of two large samples.
The use of ‘t’ test for small samples, importance of small sample comparison of sample
mean with a standard, comparison of means of two small sample (unknown variances-
assumed equal, not assumed equal) confidence limits.
X2 –tests of goodness of fit and homogeneity introduction to general idea, testing the fit of a
whole frequency distribution to data, tests of homogeneity, variance ratio test.
7. The correlation of measurement: General notion of correlation, calculation of correlation
coefficient.
8. Regression analysis: Basic idea of regression, calculation of regression coefficient,
standard error and significance test, partial correlation and multiple regression with two and
more than two independent variables.
9. Simple experimental design and the analysis of variances: Introduction, completely
randomized design, randomized block design, testing the homogeneity of variances.
10. Introduction to factorial experiments: Principle basic ideas, notation in 2n factorial, scope
of more advanced designs.
11. Random samples and random numbers: The need and use, representative samples.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 14
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

B. Pharm. Professional Year II

PHR 201 Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II

Credit Hr: 4

1. Essential electrolytes: Intra and extra cellular electrolytes (Na, K, Ca and Cl ions.);
Electrolytes in acid base therapy; electrolytes in replacement therapy, electrolyte
combination therapy.
2. Essential trace elements: Essential trace elements and their preparations (Cu, Zn, Mn, S,
I, Cr, Se, Co, Ni, etc.), applications of essential trace elements in pharmaceutical sciences.
3. Antioxidants, solvents, pharmaceutically acceptable glass and glass wires.
4. Hematinic preparations: Various types of iron and iron compounds.
5. Gastrointestinal agents: Classification of inorganic gastrointestinal agents, systemic and
non-systemic antacids, preparation and application of antacids, preparation and application
of adsorbents and saline cathartics or laxatives.
6. Dental preparations: Dental plaque and antiplaque agents, dental caries, fluorides and
other anticaries agents (preparation and application), dentifrices, mouthwash.
7. Topical agents: Classification of topical agents, preparations and applications of different
antimicrobial, astringent and protective agents.
8. Radioactivity and radiopharmaceuticals: Introduction, types of radiation and their
properties, radioactive decay, half-life, average life, modes of radioactive decay, interaction
of radiation with matter, measurement of radioactivity, radiation hazard and radiological
safety, biological effects of radiation, control of radiation exposure, storage of radioactive
materials, medical applications of radionuclides, official radioactive compounds and their
importance, toxicity of radioactive isotopes.
9. Environmental chemistry and environmental sciences:
A. Definition, causes of environmental pollution, types of pollutions (gases like SO2, SO3,
CO2, CO, NO, HCl, NO2 etc., hydrocarbons, cigarettes, smokes, suspended particulate,
pesticides, gasoline and industrial waste, pharmaceutical food additives), deleterious effects
of pollutants on life cycle, applications and importance of environmental sciences.
B. Heavy metal toxicity: Poisoning caused by mercury, arsenic, lead, iron and copper, their
adverse effects on human life cycle and study of antidotes used in these poisoning cases.

PHR Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II-Lab

201L Credit Hr: 1

1. Identification of inorganic ions from pharmaceutical formulations:

Ca+2, Fe+2, Al+3, Mg+2, K+ and Na+ ions from supplied preparations.
2. Conversion of different water insoluble or sparingly soluble drugs into water
soluble form:
a. Na/K-salicylate from salicylic acid.
b. Na/K-benzoate from benzoic acid.
c. Na/K-citrate from citric acid.
3. Preparation of inorganic drugs:
a. Preparation of aluminium hydroxide gel.
b. Preparation of magnesium hydroxide.
c. Preparation of haematinics- ferrous chloride, ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumerate.

PHR 202 Organic Pharmaceuticals Chemistry-II

Credit Hr: 4
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 15
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

1. Reaction mechanisms:
(a) Addition reaction: Electrophilic; nucleophilic and free-radical; 1,2- and 1,4- addition.
(b) Substitution reaction: Unimolecular (SN1) and bimolecular (SN2), stereochemistry of
SN1 and SN2 reaction, free-radical and intermolecular nucleophilic substitution.
(c) Elimination reaction: Unimolecular (E1) and bimolecular (E2), stereochemistry of
elimination reaction.
(d) Rearrangement reaction: Hofmann, Claisen, Sigmatropic and Fries rearrangement.
2. Name reactions: Arndt- Eistertd, Baklelite, Baeyer-Villiger, Birch reduction, Clemmensen
reduction, Darzens condensation, Diels Alder, Eschweiler-Clarke, Friedel- Crafts, Gabriel
synthesis, Gettermann- Koch and Sandmeyer, Grignard, Hofman, Mannich, Michael,
Meerwin- Pondorf- Verley, Oppenauer oxidation, Perkin, Reformatsky, Reimer- Tiemann,
Vilsmeier- Haack, Witting and Wolf-Kishner reduction.
3. A general introduction of heterocyclic compounds: Characteristic properties and
pharmaceutical importance of such compounds.
4. Carbohydrates: General considerations, chemistry, stereochemistry, classification, aldoses,
ketoses, oxidation, effect of alkali, Kiliani- Fisher synthesis of aldoses, Ruff degradation,
optical family, D-L, R-S cyclic structures of D (+) glucose, mutarotation, hemiacetal, acetal
form of glucose, ring size determination, disaccharide, structure determination of
polysaccharides, starch cellulose, glycogen, chemical and pharmaceutical importance of
carbohydrate, blood sugar, glycogenesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle, metabolism of
carbohydrates etc.
5. Lipids: General consideration, chemistry, biosynthesis of fats and fatty acids, catabolism of
fat, fatty acid cycle, β- oxidation, catabolism of unsaturated fatty acids, ketone bodies,
ketosis, ketourea, ketoacidosis, diabetic coma and its treatment, lactic acid and acidosis,
phosphoglycerides, steroids, bile salts etc.
6. Amino acids and proteins: General considerations, structure of amino acids, acidity and
basicity of amino acids, isoelectric point, preparations and reactions of amino acids,
essential amino acids, metabolism of amino acids-deamination, transamination, racimization
etc.

PHR 203 Physical Pharmacy-II

Credit Hr: 4

1. Kinetics:
(A) Physical degradation of pharmaceutical products: Loss of water, absorption of
water, loss of volatile constituents, polymorphism, color change.
(B) Chemical degradation: Hydrolysis, oxidation, isomerization, polymerization,
decarboxylation, factors affecting chemical degradation etc.
(C) Chemical kinetics: Definitions, rates and orders of reactions, methods for
determination of orders of reactions, influence of temperature on rate of reactions, theories
of reaction rates, decomposition of pharmaceutical products, accelerated test for physical,
chemical and photochemical stability, stability aspects of formulations, marketed products
and clinical supplies, shelf life determination.
2. Interfacial phenomena: Adsorption and interface, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm, BET
equation, electrical properties of interfaces, electrical double layer, Nernst and zeta
potential, Gibbs equation, spreading, surface active agents, emulgents, detergents and
antifoaming agents, surfactants and drug activity, surfactants and pharmaceutical products.
3. Rheology and rheology of dispersed system: Newtonian liquids, Non-newtonian
materials, yield value, plastic pseudo plastic flow, dilatant and thixotropic flow, viscosity of
suspending agents.
4. Colloids: Classification, preparation, electrical and optical properties, sedimentation,
Stoke’s law, stability of colloidal dispersion, protective colloid, sensitization, dialysis, Donnan
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 16
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

membrane equilibrium, application and uses of colloidal preparation in pharmacy.

5. Electrochemistry: Electrical units and their interrelation, Faradays laws of electrolysis and
electrochemical equivalents, electrolytic conduction, equivalent conductance and the related
facts, conductometric titrations, transference numbers and their determination.
6. Electrochemical cells: Electrode and cell potentials, energies involved in electrode
processes, reference electrodes, buffer solutions and measurement of pH, potentiometric
titrations and oxidation- reduction systems, concentration cells.
7. Micrometrics : Importance of particle size determination, different means of expressing
particle size, methods of particle size determination, optical and electron microscope
studies, coulter counter methods, laser beam technique, sieve analysis, sedimentation
methods, particle shape and surface area, measurement of particle surface area.

PHR Physical Pharmacy-II-Lab

203L Credit Hr: 1
1. Viscosity determinations:
(a) Determination of viscosity of pure liquids such as glycerin, alcohol etc.
(b) Determination of viscosity of liquid pharmaceutical preparation- syrup, emulsion,
suspension etc.
(c) Study of variation of viscosity of liquid with temperature using Ostwald of Engleris
viscometer.

2. Determination of velocity constant of the hydrolysis of methyl/ ethyl acetate catalyzed by

HCl/ NaOH.
3. Determination of adsorption isotherm of oxalic (or acetic) acid form aqueous solution by
charcoal and calculation of the constant in Freundlich’s equation.
4. Determination of the equilibrium constant of the reaction KI + I = KI3.
5. Determination of solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in water by conductance
measurement.
6. Determination of velocity constant for the hydrolysis of an ester in the basic medium by
conductance measurements.
7. Determination of the molecular weight of an organic solid.

PHR 204 Pharmacognosy-II

Credit Hr: 4

1. Phytochemistry and pharmaceutical uses of the following plant constituents along

with consideration of some important local and foreign drugs of each groups:
A. Glycosides and glycoside containing drugs, biosynthesis of glycosides. The details
of the following:
i) Cyanogenic: Wild cherry.
ii) Isothiocyanate: Mustard (Black mustard and white mustard).
iii) Cardiac: Digitalis, Strophanthus, Squill.
iv) Saponins: Sarsaparilla, Glycyrrhiza, Dioscorea.
v) Anthraquinone glycosides: Cascara sagrada, Aloe, Senna, Rhubarb.
vi) Other glycosides (alcohol, aldehyde, lactone, phenol, flavonoid) and neutral
principles: Willow bark, Vanilla, Cantharide, Uva ursi, Gentian, Quassia, Saffron etc.
B. Alkaloids: Biosysnthesis of tropane, quinoline, iso-quinoline and indole alkaloids.
The details of the followings –
i) Pyridine-piperidine: Areca
ii) Tropane: Belladona, Stramonium, Hyoscyamus and coca
iii) Quinoline: Cinchona, Cuprea bark
iv) Isoquinoline: Ipecac, Opium, Sanguinaria, Curare
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 17
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

v) Indole: Rauwolfia, Nux vomica, Ergot, Catharanthus

vi) Imidazole: Pilocarpine
vii) Steroidal: Veratrum viride, Aconite
viii) Purine base: Coffee, tea, Cocoa
C. Volatile oils and related terpenoids: Methods of obtaining volatile oils, chemistry,
medicinal and commercial uses, biosynthesis of some important volatile oil used as
drugs.
Details of different types of volatile oils containing drugs:
i) Terpenes or sesquiterpenes: Turpentine, Juniper
ii) Alcohols: Coriander, Sandalwood
iii) Ester: Peppermint, Lavender, Rosemarry
iv) Aldehydes: Cinnamon, Lemon
v) Ketones: Spearmint, Caraway, Camphor
vi) Phenols: Clove, Thyme, Cinnamon leaf
vii) Ethers: Fennel, Nutmeg, Eucalyptus, Anise
viii) Peroxides: Chenopodium
ix) Others: Mustard, Wintergreen, Bitter almond
D. Phenolic compounds and tannins: Chemical nature and test for tannins, medicinal
and commercial uses, some tannin containing drugs such as Nutgall and Catechu.
E. Resin and resin combinations (e.g. resin, oleoresin, oleo gum resin, balsam):
Definition, chemistry, uses in pharmacy; brief study of Podophyllum, Jalap, Cannabis,
Capsicum, Ginger, Myrrh, Tolu Balsam, and Benzoin.
2. Herbs as health foods: Definition, chemistry, uses in pharmacy; brief study of Alfa alfa,
Apricot pits, Arnica, Garlic, Onion, Ginseng, Ginko biloba, Spiriluna Fenugreek, Sassafras,
Honey etc.
3. Poisonous plants and natural pesticides: Datura, Poison hemlock, Water Hemlock,
Foxglove (Digitalis), Ipomoea, Tobbaco, Poppy, Pyrethrum flower, Derris and Lanchocarpus,
Red squll etc.

PHR Pharmacognosy-II-Lab
204L Credit Hr: 1

1. Pharmacognostic study of a few selected powdered drugs.

2. Chromatographic techniques: analysis of plant extracts by thin layer chromatography.
3. Study of volatile oils and some volatile oil containing drugs: Caraway, Clove, Cinnamon,
Peppermint etc.
4. Detection of adulterants, (i.e. cotton seed, seasame and arachis oils) in olive oil.
5. Examination of Cod liver oil and detection of vitamin A in Cod liver oil.
6. Extraction and isolation of anthraquinone glycosides from Cascara sagrada, Aloe, Senna
and Rhubarb.
7. Isolation of lycopene from tomato.
8. Isolation of β –Carotene from carrot.
9. Examination of some saponin containing drugs: Sarsaparilla, Dioscorea etc.
10. Study of few important cardioactive drugs: Digitalis, Strophanthus and Squill.
11. Study of alkaloids and some alkaloid containing drugs: Belladonna, Strammonium,
Cinchona, Rauwolfia, Tea, Coffee, Tobacco, Ergot, Ephedra, Nux vomica and Areca.
12. Isolation of lactose from Cow’s milk.
13. Physical and chemical tests for honey.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 18
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

14. Study of some important medicinal and poisonous plants of Bangladesh.

PHR 205 Physiology-II

Credit Hr: 4

1. Nervous system: Neuron- properties, classification and functions; neuroglial cells and their
functions; nerve fibres-definition, types, properties of nerve fibres, origin and propagation of
nerve impulses across nerve fibres, action potential; synapse- classification, structure,
properties and functions; neurotransmitters- classifications and funtions, never endings.
Different types of sensations- mechanism and properties of sensations; receptors- definition,
classifications, properties and functions.
Reflex and reflex arc, their classifications, properties and components of reflex arc. Principal
division of nervous system - CNS and PNS, functions of different parts of CNS, ascending
and descending tracts of spinal cord, differences between - somatic & autonomic, and
sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous system; cranial and spinal nerves & their functions,
regulation of autonomic nervous system; muscle tone- definition & regulation; CSF-
definition, composition and function.
2. Endocrine system: Different endocrine glands & their structure; functions of pituitary,
thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal & pancreatic glands; functions & regulation of secretion of
hormones, disorders of abnormal hormone secretions.
3. Metabolism: Fat, carbohydrate, protein and nucleoprotein metabolism; metabolic pathways
of fats, carbohydrates and proteins; enzymes, vitamins and hormones regulating various
metabolic steps; vitamins and minerals: their physiological properties and functions.
4. Excretory system: Structure of kidney, nephron & its different parts; renal circulation- its
regulation & measurements, renal clearance & its importance; urine- its composition &
properties, counter current mechanism, role of kidney in acid-base balance of blood & in
maintenance of plasma volume.
5. Reproductive system: Testis & accessory reproductive systems & their functions, male
hormones and their functions, spermatogenesis and its hormonal regulation.
Organs of female reproductive system and their functions, menstruation cycle, different
phases & its regulation; ovogenesis & ovulation and its control; female sex hormones & their
functions; pregnancy and lactation & their hormonal control.
6. Regulation of body temperature: Heat production & heat dissipation, role of hypothalamus
& other nerve factors in body temperature regulation, abnormalities in body temperature
regulation.

PHR Physiology-II-Lab
205L Credit Hr: 1

1. Recording of normal heart beat in toad.

2. Demonstration of the effects of temperature aviation on toad heart.
3. Demonstration of the effects of stannous ligatures on toad heart.
4. Demonstration of the effects of drugs on toad heart.
5. Demonstration of the effect of Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca+) on toad heart.
6. Recording of respiration with stethograph.
7. Measurement of B.P. with sphygmomanometer: effects of physical exercise on B.P. and
heart rate.
8. Biochemical tartes on saliva: effect of ptyalin on starch.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 19
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

9. Collection of gastric juice; test for gastric acidity.

10. Estimation of blood sugar in normal person.

PHR 206 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Credit Hr: 4

1. Introduction to cell: Differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, structure
and functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts, cytoskeleton, cell development and
differentiation.
2. Plasma membrane/cell walls and cell surface: Principle of semi-permeability, active
transport, endocytosis, exocytosis, bacterial, fungal and plant cell walls.
3. Nuclear structure and function: Cell division and cell cycle, mitosis and miosis, structure
and function of chromosomes.
4. Proteins: Different amino acids structures and functions, importance of amino acid
sequence in protein structure, important bonds in protein, functions of proteins in biological
system; peptide bond, disulfide bridge in protein structure;  helix,  sheet, hairpin turn,
denaturation and renaturation of protein, hydrogen-bonding potentiality, different structures
of protein, conformational change of protein, gel electrophoresis, 2-D gel electrophoresis,
purification of protein, synthesis of protein, protein sequencing, recombinant DNA
technology for protein sequencing.
5. Nucleic acids: Importance of nucleic acid study, different bases of DNA/RNA, nucleotide,
nucleoside, structures of DNA, polarity of DNA chain, AT/GC structure, melting point of
DNA, physical states of DNA, replication, discovery of DNA polymerase I and III, mRNA,
hybridization studies of mRNA, synthesis of mRNA, restriction enzymes, promoter region of
DNA, RNA synthesis termination, tRNA, role of tRNA in protein synthesis, codons, DNA
sequencing.
6. Enzymes: Definition, activation energy and enzymes, specificity of enzymes, regulation of
enzyme activity, enzymes and reaction equilibria, enzyme kinetics, enzyme inhibition,
common features of enzymes, enzyme cofactor/coenzyme; Vit B1, Vit B2 etc as coenzymes.

PHR Biochemistry & Molecular Biology-Lab

206L Credit Hr: 1

1. Determination of protein content by spectrophotometric method.

2. Determination of extinction coefficient of protein.
3. Identification and molecular weight determination of protein by SDS-PAGE.
4. Identification of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis.
5. Synthesis of DNA by PCR method.
6. Determination of lipid profiles.
7. Determination of serum creatinine level.
8. Determination of blood urea level.
9. Determination of SGPT, SGOT levels in blood.

PHR 207 Pharmaceutical Technology-I

Credit Hr: 4
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 20
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

1, Pre-formulation: Preliminary evaluation and molecular optimization, bulk characterization of

the material crystalinity and polymorphism, thermal properties, hygroscopicity, particle
characterization, bulk density, powder flow properties, solubility analysis, pKa determination,
pH solubility profile, effect of temperature, solubilization, partition coefficient, dissolution,
stability analysis, solution stability, solid state stability.
2, Chemical and physical incompatibility.
3, Pharmaceutical excipients: Chemistry, physical properties and uses of the following
excipients- acidifying agents, air displacement agents, alkalizing agents, antifoaming agents,
antimicrobial preservatives, antioxidants, buffering agents, chelating agents, colors,
complexing agents, emulsifying agents, flavoring agents and perfumes, humectant, ointment
bases, solvents, stiffening agents, wetting and solubilizing agents.
4, Basic principles of compounding and dispensing: Weight, measures and units used in
calculation for compounding and dispensing, fundamental operation in compounding, good
pharmaceutical practices in compounding and dispensing, containers and closures for
dispensed products, prescription and handling of prescription, responding to the
prescription, labelling of dispensed medications.
5, Liquid dosage forms: Solution and elixirs, theory of solution, different factors affecting
solution process, advantages and disadvantages, formulation consideration, manufacturing
considerations, packaging of liquids, preservation and stability aspects, quality control of
liquids.
6, Dispersed system:
(a) Properties of dispersed systems: Theoretical aspects of suspension, emulsion and
colloids, surface charge activities and zeta potential, Inter- particle force, crystal growth,
wetting, adsorption at solid-liquid interface, surface and interfacial tension, flocculation and
coalescence.
(b) Suspension: Advantages and disadvantages, aggregated and dispersed system,
formulation of suspension, manufacturing of suspension, stability of suspension, evaluation
and quality analysis of suspension, rheological consideration, illustrative examples.
(c) Emulsion: Definition and applications, advantages and disadvantages, theory of
emulsion formation, classification of emulsifying agents, HLB values of surface active
agents, formulation of emulsion, manufacturing of emulsion, stability of emulsion, evaluation
and quality analysis of emulsion, rheological considerations, illustrative examples.
7, Semisolids (Ointments, paste, gels): Structure of skin, percutaneous absorption of drugs,
definition and classification of semisolids, classification of ointment bases; formulation of
ointments, pastes and gels; manufacturing of ointments, pastes and gels; rheological
consideration, evaluation and quality analysis of ointment.
8, Suppositories: Drug absorption from colon, classification of suppositories, suppository
bases, formulation of suppositories, manufacturing of suppositories, testing of suppositories.

PHR Pharmaceutical Technology-I-Lab

207L Credit Hr: 1

1. Preparation of percentage solution.

2. Preparation of aromatic water.
3. Preparation of syrup:
(a) Phenobarbitone-Na syrup
(b) Chlorpheniramine maleate syrup
(c) Promethazine HCl syrup
(d) Iron syrup
4. Preparation of suspension:
(a) Paracetamol suspension
(b) Antacid suspension
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 21
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

(c) Chalk powder suspension

5. Preparation of emulsion and determination of type of emulsion
(a) Primary emulsion by dry gum method and wet gum method.
(b) Castor oil emulsion.

PHR 208 Pharmacology-I

Credit Hr: 4

1. Introduction to Pharmacology: Definition of pharmacology, drug, medicine and pro drug;

pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, agonist, synergism, side effect, toxicity, drug
interaction, drug tolerance, drug dependence, drug abuse, idiosyncrasy, dose, dosage form,
absorption, distribution, bioavailability, distribution, protein binding, metabolism & excretion,
routes of drug administration.
2. Basic concept of drug action: Receptors, nature of receptors, drug antagonism, relation
between drug dose & clinical response.
3. Signalling mechanism and drug action: Legand gated channels, G-proteins and second
messengers.
4. Drugs for peptic ulcer: Antacids, H2 - receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors, PG
analogues, mucosal-protective agents, Helicobacter pylori infections.
5. Anticoagulants: Heparin, calcium complexing agents, oral anticoagulants.
6. Autacoids: Amine, lipid & peptide autacoids.
7. Haematinic drugs: Iron, vit B12 , folic acid, erythropoietin
8. Sedative & hypnotics: Benzodiazepine & barbiturates.
9. CNS stimulant drugs: Strychnine, xanthine & methylxanthine, amphetamine, nicotine.
10. Chemotherapy of parasites: Drugs used in helminthiasis, malaria, amebiasis, giardiasis,
leishmaniasis & trichomoniasis.

PHR Pharmacology-I-Lab`
208L Credit Hr: 1
1. Study of drugs acting on CNS
(a) CNS stimulant drugs (strychnine, ephedrine, amphetamine).
(b) CNS depressant drugs (barbiturates induced sleeping time).
2. Effect of pilocarpine on saliva secretion of rat.
3. Effect of digitalis, adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline on toads heart.
4. Effect of local anesthetics on rats tail.
5. Study of mydriatic and myotic effect on rabbit eye (e.g. pilocarpine, atropine,
physostigmine etc.).
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 22
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

B. Pharm. Professional Year III

PHR 301 Pharmaceutical Analysis-I

Credit Hr: 4

1. Introduction and techniques of pharmaceutical analysis:

(A) Introduction- selection of samples, selection of chemicals.
(B) The art and science of pharmaceutical analysis- choosing the tools, identification
of containers, filtration, ignition of precipitates, drying of samples, recording units.
2. Aqueous acid-base titration: Definition, distribution of acid-base species with pH of the
medium, acid-base titrimetry for determination of weekly acidic and basic pharmaceuticals,
indicators and theories of indicators, selection of indicators, applications of acid base
titrations.
3. Non aqueous acid-base titration: Theoretical considerations and principles, Bronsted-
Lowry theory of acids and bases, non aqueous solvents, titration of weak acids and weak
bases, application and scope of non aqueous titration.
4. Oxidation-reduction titration: Principles and concepts; determination involving potassium
permanganate, potassium dichromate, potassium bromate, Iodiometric and miscellaneous
oxidation and reduction titration; indicators, applications of oxidation- reduction titration.
5. Complexometric titration: Introduction to complexometric titration, complexes and
chelates, stability of complex ions, titration based on complex formation, types of
complexometric titrations, techniques employed in chelometric titration, methods of end
point detection, titration selectivity and masking agents.
5. Aquametry: Principle and scope, physical methods of water determination, chemical
method of water determination, Karl-Fischer procedure–principle, chemistry, methodology,
equipment, end point detection and limitation.
7. Chromatographic methods: Introduction, principles and theories, preparation, procedure,
method of detection, applications of column chromatography, gel filtration techniques, thin
layer chromatography, ion exchange chromatography.
8. High performance liquid chromatography: Introduction and theoretical considerations,
instrumentation, characteristics of stationary and mobile phases, reversed phase high
performance liquid chromatography, latest development -UPLC & UFLC, applications.
9. Visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometry: Introduction, electromagnetic radiation, units,
electromagnetic spectra and absorption of radiation, Lambert’s and Beer’s law, deviations
from Lambert-Beer law, instrumentation, colorimetry, chromophores and auxoochromes,
analysis of mixtures, absorption and intensity shifts, applications of ultraviolet and visible
spectroscopy in quantitative analysis of drugs.
10. Fluorometry: Introduction, principle, fluorescence and chemical structure, instrumentation,
factors influencing intensity of fluorescence, comparison of fluorometry and uv-visible
spectrophotometry, applications of fluorometry in pharmaceutical analysis.
11. Polarimetry: Introduction, instrumentation and application, optical isomerism, origin of
optical rotation, molecular requirements for optical rotatory power, specific rotation,
calculation of specific rotation, circular dichroism (CD), optical rotatory dispersion (ORD).

PHR Pharmaceutical Analysis-I-Lab

301L Credit Hr: 1

1. Assay of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablets.

2. Assay of phenobarbitone tablets by non-aqueous titration.
3. Determination of potency of penicillin tablets.
4. Determination of calcium in solid and liquid dosage form by complexometric
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 23
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

titration.
5. Assay of promethazine hydrochloride.
6. Assay of aluminium hydroxyide gel.
7. Assay of magnesium and aluminium from antacid preparation.
8. Determination of iodine value and saponification value of fats and oils.

PHR 302 Medicinal Chemistry-I

Credit Hr: 4

1. Stereochemistry:
(a) General treatment of different types of isomerisms.
(b) Geometric isomerism of alkenes and cyclic compounds, cis, trans and (E), (Z)
systems of nomenclature.
(c) Conformational isomers- conformation of open chain and cyclic compounds.
(d) Chirality of molecules- enantiomer, diastereomer, racemic modification, meso
compound, (R) and (S) configuration, sequence rule, optical rotation.
(e) Asymmetric synthesis- preparation of enantiomer by asymmetric synthesis and optical
resolution method.
(f) Stereoselective and stereospecific reaction.
(g) Pharmaceutical importance of stereochemistry.
2. Heterocyclic chemistry:
a. 5-membered heterocyclic compounds: Pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole,
oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole and Isithiazole- their preparations, reactions and pharmaceutical
applications.
b. 6-membered heterocyclic compounds: Pyridine, piperidine, pyrimidine, pyradazine,
pyrazine and triazine: their preparation- reaction and pharmaceutical applications.
c. Benzofused 5-membered heteroatomic compounds: Indole, benzofuran,
benzothiaphene and carbazole- their chemistry, synthesis and pharmaceutical applications.
d. Benzofused 6-membered heteroatomic compounds: Quinoline and isoquinoline-
their chemistry, synthesis and pharmaceutical applications.
3. Chemistry, SAR, mode of action and synthesis of the following groups of drugs:
a. Hypnotics and sedatives
b. Antihistamines
c. Analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents
d. Cardiovascular agents
e. Diuretics
4. Natural products and other secondary metabolites:
a. Vitamins: The clinical aspects of vitamins and their effects on free radicals; synthesis
of vitamins such as Vit-B1, Vit-C, nicotinamide, pyridoxine; mechanisms of the action
of vitamins.
b. Alkaloids: Alkaloids as pharmaceutical raw materials, opium and analogues,
synthesis of papaverine and ephedrine, clinical comparison of ephedrine and
ephinephrine.
c. Glycosides: Clinical and chemical aspects of digoxin and other digitalis glycosides.

PHR Medicinal Chemistry-I-Lab

302L Credit Hr: 1

Laboratory synthesis, physical, chemical and spectral characterization of the following

compounds:
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 24
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

1. Paracetamol
2. Benzocaine
3. Aspirin
4. Phenacetin
5. PABA (para amino benzoic acid)
6. Meta nitro benzaldehyde
7. Ethyl para hydroxy benzoate
8. Para amino phenol
9. Methyl salicylate

PHR 303 Pharmacology-II

Credit Hr: 4

1. Local anesthetic: History, mechanism of action, properties, SAR, pharmacological action,

fate, ester and amide type local anesthetics.
2. General anesthetic: Inhaled anesthetics- nitrous oxide, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane &
sevoflurane; intravenous anesthetics - barbiturates, benzodiazepines & opioid analgesics,
propofol, ketamine.
3. Analgesic, antipyretic and antinflammatory drugs: Non-narcotic analgesic- salicylates,
pyrazolone derivatives, para-aminophenol derivatives, propionic acid derivatives,
indomethacin, sulindac, tolmetin, diclofenac; Narcotic analgesics - opium alkaloids,
morphine antagonists, synthetic & semisynthetic opiates.
4. Cardiovascular drugs: Introduction, classification, mechanism of action, SAR studies of
a. Antihypertensive drugs
b. Antiarrhythmic drugs
c. Diuretics
d. Drugs used in heart failure
e. Drugs used in angina and myocardial infarction
5. Antibacterial agents: Brief study of the following class of drugs
a. Drugs affecting folate synthesis- sulfonamide, trimethoprim
b. -lactam antibiotics-penicillin,cephalosporin.
c. Drugs affecting protein synthesis- tetracycline, chloramphenicol, macrolides,
aminoglycosides.
d. Drugs affecting Topoisomerase-I enzyme- fluoroquinolones.
e. Glycopeptide, polymyxin, bacitracin & nitrofurantoin antibiotics.
f. Antitubercular agents- INH, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, PAS,
capreomycin, cycloserine, ethionamide.
g. Antileprotic drugs- dapson, rifampicin, clofazimine.
6. Vitamins: Detailed study of water and fat soluble vitamins.
7. Antidiabetic agents: Introduction to diabetes, classification, causes, complications and
treatment of diabetes. hypoglycemia, causes and treatment, relationship between stroke
and diabetes, causes of stroke. different types of antihyperglycemic agents with structures,
mechanisms, uses, toxicity; Insulin resistance, management of diabetes. glucagon structure,
mechanism, uses.

PHR Pharmacology-II-Lab
303L Credit Hr: 1

1. Estimation of blood glucose by enzymatic method.

2. Estimation of blood glucose by chemical method.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 25
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

3. Estimation of aspirin in blood after oral administration by UV spectrophotometric

method.
4. Estimation of aspirin in blood after oral administration by colorimetric method.
5. Estimation of plasma protein by enzymatic method.
6. Estimation of plasma protein by Biuret method.
7. Estimation of blood uric acid level by enzymatic method.
8. Estimation of paracetamol in blood after oral administration by UV/Visible
spectrophotometric method.
9. Handling of experimental animals: mice and rat.
10. Different routes of administration of drugs in experimental animals.

PHR 304 Clinical Pathology

Credit Hr: 2

1. Definition and scope of pathology: Concept of diseases.

2. General adaptation, cell injury & cell death: Hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy,
metaplasia, necrosis, apoptosis, intracellular accumulation, pathological calcification.
3. Acute & chronic inflammation: Vascular changes, leukocyte extravasation &
phagocytosis, chemical mediators, causes of chronic inflammation.
4. Hemodynamic disorders: Edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, hemostasis,
thrombosis, embolism, shock.
5. Infectious diseases: Diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, syphilis, clostridial
infections, pneumonia.
6. Nutritional disease: Marasmus, kwashiorkor, deficiency states of minerals & vitamins.
7. Diseases of the blood vessel: Varicose vein, arteriosclerosis, stroke.
8. Heart disease: Ischemia, carditis, congestive cardiac failure, angina pectoris,
myocardial infarction, congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, rheumatic
fever.

PHR 305 Pharmaceutical Technology-II

Credit Hr: 4

1. Powders and granules: Definitions and properties of powders and granules.

2. Formulation and manufacturing of tablets: Formulation and granulation of powders for
tableting, manufacturing of tablets by wet granulation, dry granulation and by direct
compression, advantages and disadvantages of different process, processing machineries
used in tablet manufacturing.
3. Common tableting problems and evaluation of tablets: Hardness measurement, weight
variation tests, thickness and diameter, friability, disintegration time, dissolution time,
mechanism of tablet disintegration and dissolution, in process quality control methods in
tablet manufacturing, study of common tableting problems and their solution.
4. Tablet coating: Definitions and classification of coating methods, advantages and
disadvantages of coated tablets, different methods of coating- sugar coating, different
stages of sugar coating, problems of sugar coating; Film coating- theory of film coating, film
formers, plasticizer, solvents, other excipients; Enteric coating- enteric coating polymers,
formulations of enteric coating, dry coating (compression coating), comparison between
sugar coating and film coating, aqueous film coating techniques, modern film coating
materials and coating formulations, problems of organic and aqueous film coating; Coating
machines: conventional coating machines, perforated coating machines, fluidized coating
machines.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 26
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

5. Hard gelatin capsules: Definition and classification, advantages and limitations of capsule
dosage form, gelatin and its manufacture, manufacture of hard capsule shells, properties of
capsules, formulation of capsules, capsule filling machines, tooling and accessories,
problems in capsule manufacturing, quality control methods of capsules, packaging of
capsules.
6. Soft gelatin capsules: Definitions and classifications, advantages and limitations,
properties of soft capsules, formulation of soft capsules, manufacturing of soft capsules,
problems in soft capsule manufacturing, quality control methods of soft capsules, packaging
of soft capsules.
7. Microencapsulation technology: Purpose, methods of preparation, evaluation,
pharmaceutical and biological applications of microencapsulation process.

PHR Pharmaceutical Technology-II-Lab

305L Credit Hr: 1

1. Formulation and compounding of different syrups.

2. Formulation and compounding of different suspensions.
3. Formulation and compounding of different emulsions.
4. Formulation and compounding of ointments.
5. Study of different components of a 16-station rotary table press.
6. Formulation and manufacturing of antihistamine tablets.
7. Formulation and manufacturing of dispersible aspirin tablet.
8. Formulation and manufacturing of some capsule dosage form.

PHR 306 Pharmaceutical Engineering

Credit Hr: 4

1. The fundamentals of unit operations

(a) Fluid flow
(b) Heat transfer and
(c) Mass transfer
2. Drying: Definition, importance of drying, terminology, theory and fundamental concepts,
periods of drying, constant rate period, falling rate period, critical moisture content,
equilibrium moisture content, classification, direct, indirect, radiation, batch and continuous,
dielectric, types of beds- static, moving, fluidized, pneumatic bed systems, different drying
equipments, construction, operation, merits, demerits, tray dryer, through-circulation dryer,
pneumatic conveying, rotary dryer, spray dryer, tunnel dryer, steam tube rotary dryer,
agitated pan dryer, vacuum rotary dryer, selection of drying equipment, preliminary dryer
selection, drying tests, final selection.
Freeze drying: Definition, application, basic principles, basic elements.
3. Filtration: Definition, importance of filtration, difference with expression, sedimentation and
drying, classification of filters, theory of filtration, filter media, filter aids, filter thickeners,
different filtration equipment, construction, operation, merits, demerits, the gravity nutsche,
delpark industrial filter, bag filters, sand filters, plate and frame press, recessed plate filter
press, eimco-burwell plates and frames, readco short cycle filter, vertical pressure leaf filter,
horizontal plate filter, industrial tubular filter, Rodney hunt pressure filter, Moore filter, vacu-
flow suction leaf filter, string discharge filter, clarifying filters, selection of filtration
equipments.
4. Centrifugation: General principles, magnitude of centrifugal force, materials of construction,
critical speed, sedimentation centrifuges, filtering centrifugals, centrifuge auxiliaries, drive
mechanisms, feed and discharge lines, feed treatment, costs, selection of centrifugal
separators.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 27
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

5. Mixing:
(a) Solid-solid mixing- Importance, fundamentals, batch homogeneity, types of solids-
mixing machines, mixing mechanisms and operations, double cone, twin shell, horizontal
drum, double-cone revolving around long axis, ribbon, vertical screw, batch muller,
continuous muller, twin rotor, performance characteristics, selection of machines.
(b) Paste mixing- Definition, importance, simple blending, dispersion operations, general
equipment design, standard types of equipment and operations, change-can mixer, change-
can mixer with planetary motion, change-can mixer with rotating turntable, troy angular
mixer, duplex mixer, stationary-tank mixer, kneader, mullers, three-roll mill, selections of
process and mixer.
(c) Liquid mixing- Definition, importance, mixing equipment, axial and radial flow,
mechanisms, flow patterns, impellers, flat-blade and curves-blade turbines, spiral turbines,
paddles, gate impellers, anchor impellers, different fixed-mounted and portable positions,
shaft lengths, baffled and unbaffled tanks, vortex formation and its control, costs, selection
of impeller.
6. Refrigeration and air conditioning:
Refrigeration- Theory of refrigeration, refrigeration current cycle and equipments
employed for large scale refrigeration.
Air conditioning: Theory of air conditioning, application and types, humidification and
dehumidification, cooling towers.
Humidity- Determination methods, methods of increasing and decreasing humidity,
application of humidity control in pharmaceutical industries.
7. Lay out plan of pharmaceutical manufacturing plant- Guidelines for selecting new plant
sites, pharmaceutical lay out plan and design, criteria for production facilities.
8. Fundamentals of pharmaceutical HVAC systems.

PHR 307 Biopharmaceutics-I

Credit Hr: 4

1. Introduction of pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics

2. Gastrointestinal absorption of drugs:
(a) Biological consideration- Membrane physiology, gastrointestinal physiology,
mechanism of absorption etc.
(b) Physicochemical consideration- pka and gastrointestinal absorption, pH partition
theory and other physicochemical factors.
(c) Dosage form consideration- Role of different dosage forms like solution, suspension,
tablet, capsule, emulsion etc. on gastrointestinal absorption.
(d) Disintegration and dissolution of drugs.
3. Distribution of drugs:
(a) Important Pharmacokinetic parameters such as biological half-life, apparent volume of
distribution, area under the curve, elimination rate constant etc.
(b) Interpretation of drug-plasma level curve.
(c) Drug-protein interaction- Theoretical aspect of protein-drug interaction, methods
used for protein binding, identification of drug binding sites, kinetics of protein binding,
determination of binding sites and association constant, factors affecting protein binding,
effects of protein binding on drug distribution, elimination and pharmacological effects of
drugs.
4. Drug clearance:
(a) Theoretic aspects of drug elimination, excretion and biotransformation.
(b) Renal elimination: Glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption,
determination of renal clearance.
(c) Hepatic elimination: Biotransformation of drugs, drug biotransformation reactions,
pharmacokinetics of drugs and metabolites (Michelis Menten Equation), first pass effect,
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 28
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

liver excretion ratio, relation between absolute bioavailability and liver excretion, hepatic
clearance- relationship between blood flow, intrinsic clearance and hepatic clearance,
Hepatic clearance of a protein bound drug (effect of protein binding on hepatic clearance).
(d) Biliary excretion of drugs.
5. Bioavailability and bioequivalence: Definitions of different parameters relative to
bioavailability; purpose of bioavailability, relative and absolute bioavailability, methods of
determining bioavailability, criteria for bioequivalence studies.
6. Drug product selection on the basis of bioavailability testing.

PHR Biopharmaceutics-I-Lab
307L Credit Hr: 1

1. Tablet weight variation test.

2. Tablet hardness test.
3. Tablet friability test.
4. Tablet disintegration test.
5. Tablet dissolution test.
6. Leakage test of packaging of tablets/ capsules.
7. Capsule weight variation test.
8. Determination of binding sites and association constant.

PHR 308 Applied Microbiology

Credit Hr: 2

1. Microbial assay of antibiotics: Antimicrobial activity. factors affecting the measurement of

antimicrobial activity, antibiotic assays. biological and non biological assays, determinations
of MICs (Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations), challenge tests, Microbiological quality of
pharmaceutical materials with special reference to non-sterile and sterile products, t- test.
2. Sterilization
(a) Sterilization by dry heat- principle, hot air oven, applications, advantages and
disadvantages of sterilization by moist heat, factors affecting sterilization by moist heat,
principle of sterilization by stem under pressure, autoclave- applications, testing the
efficiency of autoclaves, sterilization by heating with bactericides, validation of sterilizers.
(b) Sterilization by filtration
(c) Sterilization by radiation
(d) Sterilization by gas
3. Sterility testing: Sampling techniques, types of media used in sterility testing, positive and
negative controls, pyrogen tests. Testing procedure for aqueous solutions, aqueous
suspensions, powders, semi solid preparations, oils and ointments, ligatures and sutures,
surgical dressings, equipments; Miscellaneous tests- immunological preparations and viral
products.
4. Disinfection and antisepsis: Introduction to disinfection. factors influencing disinfection,
chemical disinfectants, and their modes of action, disinfectant evaluation.
5. Industrial microbiology: Ecology of microorganisms as it affects the pharmaceutical plant,
good manufacturing practice microbial spoilage and preservation the role of recombinant
DNA technology in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical products made by genetic
engineering, miscellaneous pharmaceutical products of microbial origin (vitamins, amino
acids, dextran, etc.), streptokinase.
6. Immunological products: Active antigenic products, attenuated, inactivated and extract,
viral and bacterial products, passive products, gamma globulin.
7. Bacterial resistance
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 29
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

PHR 309 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Credit Hr: 2

1. Introduction of biotechnology and its application in medicine, foods, forensic

science, microbial and plant genetics: Different dimension of biotechnology and
pharmaceutical biotechnology.
2. Biophysical and biochemical analysis of recombinant proteins: Protein structure,
protein folding, analytical techniques.
3. Recombinant DNA technology and production of biotech compounds: Basic principle,
genetic recombination- cloning, gene expression, restriction endonuclease, ligase and other
enzymes used in gene cloning, cloning vectors, transfection method, knock out and
transgenic animals, cultivation and downstream processing, issues to consider in production
and purification of proteins.
4. Formulation of biotech products: Microbiological considerations, excipients used in
parenteral formulations of biotech products, delivery of proteins, routes of administration and
absorption enhancement.
5. Delivery of proteinous drugs: Approaches for rate controlled and target site specific
delivery.
6. Immunolgy: Monoclonal antibody, hybridoma technology, basic principles of immunology,
antigen and haptens, vaccines.
7. Gene therapy: Ex vivo versus in vivo gene therapy, potential target diseases for gene
therapy, gene transfer methods, non-viral gene transfer.
8. Pharmaceutical production: Short study of current biotech products- Interleulins and
interferons, insulin, vaccines, monoclonal antibody-based pharmaceuticals, follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH), trustuzumab; dispensing of biotechnology products- storage
temperature requirements, storage in dosing and administration devices, light protection,
handling, mixing and shaking, shipment requirements, preparation and administration.

PHR 310 Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management

Credit Hr: 4

Part A: Pharmaceutical Marketing

1. Principles of marketing: Definition and concepts of marketing, steps in the marketing
process, role of marketing & environmental forces in our society, marketing mix and
exchange relationships, marketing management process, the selling concept, marketing
concept and the societal concept, customer relationship management, demarketing.
2. Strategic marketing planning: Strategic planning process, resources and opportunities
affecting the planning process, corporate, business-unit, and marketing strategies, the
marketing plan and implementation process and the major approaches to marketing
implementation
3. Consumer markets and buying behavior: Consumer market & business market, elements
of a consumer behavior model & organisational buyer behavior, consumer buying process,
factors affecting consumer behavior, types of buyer behavior, buying decision process,
consumer decision process for new products or adoption process.
4. Market segmentation, target marketing and marketing positioning strategies:
Identifying market segments, factors for segmenting market, choosing a target marketing
strategy, market positioning for maximum competitive advantages.
5. Product promotion: Elements in the communication process, promotions mix (advertising,
personal selling, sales promotion, public relation, direct marketing )and their roles in
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC), the promotions message and executions style,
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 30
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

media choice, promotional objectives, representatives, physical distribution, inventory and

cost control, returns and claims
6. Advertising: Importance of advertising, classification of advertising, advertising strategy:
appraising the opportunity, media planning and selection, creating advertising messages,
measuring advertisement effectiveness, advantages and the disadvantages of the primary
media, international advertising decision.
7. Product management: Concept of a product, classification of products, product line, and
product mix, products planning and development, PLC, marketing strategies along the
product life cycle, brand building and brand management.
8. Pricing: Definition of pricing, basic factors influencing pricing decision, pricing methods and
strategies.

Part B. Pharmaceutical Management

1. Nature and principles of management: Style of management, the MBO system and
improving decision-making.
2. Organization structures: Social organization and legal organization, the sole
proprietorship, the general partnership, private and public limited companies, their relative
advantages and disadvantages.
3. Personnel management: Importance, principles, methods, motivation, staff requirements
theory.
4. Inventory control: Methods-intuitive, systematic wantbook, perpetual inventory, open-to-
buy, stock, record card, economic order quality, selection of optimum methods, effect of
inventory control.
5. Purchasing: Formulating effective buying policies, needs and desires, selecting the sources
of supply, determining terms of purchase, receiving, marking and stocking of goods.

B. Pharm. Professional Year IV

PHR 401 Pharmaceutical Analysis-II

Credit Hr: 4

1. Ultra violet and infrared spectroscopy in structural analysis.

2. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: 1HNMR spectroscopy: Introduction and
theory, relaxation process, instrumentation, chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, different spin
systems, coupling constants, spin-spin decoupling, long range coupling; Two dimensional
NMR spectroscopy, nuclear over hauser effect, 2D correlated (COSY) and 2D Nuclear over
hauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY), HMBC, HMQC.
3. 13C NMR spectroscopy: Introduction, principle, chemical shift, spin-spin coupling,
applications.
4. Mass spectrometry: Introduction, theory, the mass spectrum, recognition of molecular ion,
isotopic peaks, ionization techniques- electron impact, chemical ionization, fast atom
bombardment etc.; fragmentation pattern; aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols,
ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, amides etc.; analyzing techniques-magnetic
sector, quadrupole; determination of molecular formula, applications of mass spectrometry.
5. Atomic absorption spectroscopy: Theory, instrumentation and application in quantitative
analysis.
6. Potentiometric titration: Introduction, theory and principles, electrochemical cells and half-
cells, electrodes, measurement of potential, application of potentiometric titration.
7. Polarography and amperometric titration: Introduction, theoretical considerations,
instrumentation, general polarographic analysis, amperometric titration using one and two
electrodes.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 31
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

8. Gas chromatography: Introduction and principles, theoretical consideration, column

technology, detectors, analytical application of gas chromatography.
9. Microbiological assay of antibiotics: Introduction, reference standard and units of activity,
agar diffusion assay, theory of zone formation, factors affecting agar diffusion assay, dose
response curve, large plate assay using Latin square design, statistical interpretation of
microbiological assay results.
10. A brief study about electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

PHR Pharmaceutical Analysis-II-Lab

401L Credit Hr: 1

1. Estimation of ampicillin by UV spectrophotometric method.

2. Estimation of aspirin by UV spectrophotometric method.
3. Determination of protein concentration in tissue preparation by UV-Vis spectrometry.
4. Estimation of ferrous fumerate from iron capsule.
5. Determination of ampicillin by iodometric titration.
6. Determination of potency of atenolol in the tablet by volumetric and coductometric
method.
7. Determination of captopril potency in the tablet by volumetric and coductometric
method.
8. Compare the titration curves using conductometric method when (a) 0.05 M solution of
HCl (b) 0.05M solution of oxalic acid (c) 0.05M solution of acetic acid and (d) 0.05 M
solution of acetyl salicylic acid are condutometrically determined with a standard solution
of sodium hydroxide.
9. Potentiometric determination of the concentrations of an iodide and a chloride sample
in a mixture.

PHR 402 Medicinal Chemistry-II

Credit Hr: 4

1. Drug discovery and design

(a) Source of drugs
(b) Cost and place of development of drugs
(c) Search for new drugs
(d) Genesis of drugs
i) Serendipity ii) Random Screening iii) Extraction from natural sources iv) Molecular
modification (general process, special process-ring closure or opening, formation of lower or
higher homologues, removal, introduction or replacement of bulky groups, isosteric
substitution, change of position or certain groups, introduction of alkylating moieties,
modification towards inhibition or promotion of various electronic states); Methods of lead
optimization (Topliss sequential method), Fibonacci search, sequential complex optimization
(v) Selection or synthesis of soft drugs, soft analogues, activated soft compounds, natural
soft drugs, soft drugs based on the active metabolite approach, soft drug based on inactive
metabolite approach (vi) Prodrugs (vii) Rational drugs design, antimetabolites, enzyme
inhibitors.
2. Chemistry, mode of action, SAR and synthesis of the following groups of drugs:
(a) Antihypertensive agents (-blockers)
(b) H2-blockers
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 32
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

(c) Antidiabetic drugs

(d) Psychotropic drugs and antidepressants
(e) Semisynthetic penicillins, cephalosporins, and quinolone derivatives
(f) Oral contraceptives and steroidal hormones.
3. Drugs metabolism: Pathways of drugs metabolism, metabolism of various groups of drugs,
factors affecting drugs metabolism, methods of studying drug metabolism, new aspect of
drug metabolism, metabolic products of common drugs.
4. Combinatorial chemistry : (a) Combinatorial synthesis- Introduction to drug discovery
process (b) Library synthesis on resin beads – solid phase chemistry, resin beads, speeding
up of peptide synthesis, mix and split library synthesis (c) Solution phase combinatorial
synthesis, d) Encoded combinatorial synthesis-encoded requirements, examples of tagged
libraries e) Solid phase library, chemistry of linkers, carboxylic acid linkers, carboxamide
linkers, alcohol linkers, amine linkers, traceless linkers, light cleavable linkers, selected solid
phase chemistry f) Combinatorial chemistry- applications and impact on drug discovery.

PHR- Medicinal Chemistry-II-Lab

402L Credit Hr: 1

Laboratory synthesis, physical, chemical and spectral characterization of the following

compounds:
1. Para anino benzoic acid (PABA)
2. Phenacetin
3. Benzocaine (Ethyl para aminobenzoate)
4. Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)
5. Preparation of nitro, amino, methyl, acetyl derivatives of different drugs or lead
compounds.

PHR 403 Pharmacology-III

Credit Hr: 4

1. Antiepileptic drugs: Phenytoin, primidone, phenobarbitone, mephobarbitone,

carbamazepine, valproic acid, lamotrigine, vegabatrin, benzodiazepines, trimathadone,
gabapentin, types of seizures.
2. Immonosuppressive agent and gene therapy: Cytotoxic drugs, glucocorticoids,
antibodies, specefic T-cell inhibitors, gene modification, gene transfer, application.
3. Antiviral drugs-Anti-herpes virus, antiretro virus, anti-influenza virus, nonselective antiviral
drugs.
4. Antineoplastic drugs: Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, vinca alkaloids, Taxanes
antibiotics, cisplatin, carboplatin, etoposide.
5. Psychotropic and antidepressant drugs: Amphetamine, LSD etc
6. Drugs affecting uterine contraction: Oxytocin, prostaglandin, ergot alkaloid, tocolytics.
7. Antifungal drugs: Amphotercin B, Flucytosine, Itracouzale, Ketoconzole, Fluconazole,
Nystatin, griseofulvin
8. Cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs.
9. Adrenergic and antiadrenergic drugs.
10. Hormone therapy: Adenohypophyseal and adrenocorticosteroid hormone.
11. Ophthalmology: Anatomical consideration, corneal grafting, cataract formation, contact
lens, drugs used in the treatment of eye disorders.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 33
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

PHR Pharmacology-III-Lab
403L Credit Hr: 1
1. Determination of plasma proteins by the Biuret Method (Method of Reinhold).
2. Determination of paracetamol in blood by colorometric method.
3. Estimation of cholesterol in human blood by enzymatic method.
4. Estimation of cholesterol in human blood by chemical method.
5. Estimation of Aspirin in human blood.

PHR 404 Disease Management-I

Credit Hr: 4

1. Calculation of creatinine clearance for a patient and classification of their degree of

renal impairment: Identification of two drugs which have active metabolites that are renally
eliminated, identification of six drugs for which the dose should be reduced in renal
impairment and study about the clinical consequences of not reducing the dose, hepatic
disease that may affect the disposition and pharmacokinetics of drugs, identification of the
most useful indicators to monitor hepatic function, recommendations on how to choose
drugs and/or adjust doses in patients with hepatic disease.
2 The role and limitations of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in individualizing drug
therapy: Identification of five drugs for which TDM may contribute to optimization of therapy,
identification of three parameters which need to be identified in order to ensure appropriate
use of TDM.
3 Drug delivery & administration for each of the following routes of administration: The
drug formulations commonly given by that route, the key biopharmaceutical and therapeutic
considerations integral to the route of administration, a clinical condition or situation in which
this may be the preferred route; oral, sublingul, buccal, parenteral; including intravenous,
intra-articular, intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, topical, transdermal, inhalation,
intracular, intranasal, inhalation.
4 Adverse drug reactions: Definition of an adverse drug reaction (ADR), three key difference
between type A and type B ADRs, six factors which may contribute to the development of an
ADR, the six most common clinical manifestations of ADRs, for each of the following; two
clinical syndromes and two common causative agents.
* drug-induced hepatic disease
* drug-induced renal disease
* drug-induced skin disorder
* drug-induced hematological disorder
5 Drug-Interactions: Six pharmacokinetic mechanisms by which interactions may occur,
giving a clinical example of each; three pharmacodynamic mechanisms by which
interactions may occur, giving a clinical example of each two examples of a drug-food
interaction; two examples of a drug alcohol interaction, one example of a drug-tobacco
interaction.
6 Asthma: Aetiology and pathogenesis of asthma, treatments for acute and chronic asthma,
factors influencing the choice of drug, dose, formulation and route of administration;
monitoring the beneficial and adverse outcomes of drug therapy asthma.
7 COPD: Aetiology and pathogenesis of COPD; treatment of COPD; complications of COPD
and their management; factors influencing the choice of drug, dose, formulation and route of
administration; monitoring the beneficial and adverse outcomes of drug therapy for COPD.
8 Pharmaceutical care in respiratory disease: How pharmacists identify patients with
undiagnosed asthma or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); the role of the
pharmacists in smoking cessation; choices of device available to deliver treatments;
methods by which patients with asthma or COPD should be monitored; pharmacists' role in
the provision of oxygen therapy for COPD; problems which may lead to treatment failure.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 34
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

9 Management and treatment of different psychiatric disorders including depression,

anxiety, manic disorder, panic disorder, OCD, schizophrenia and others, management and
treatment of drug abusive patients.

PHR 405 Clinical Pharmacy

Credit Hr: 4

1. General consideration: Scope, importance and application of clinical pharmacy, clinical

hematology, blood bank techniques etc., organ function tests, clinical pathology,
manifestation of diseases, drug or hospital acquired diseases, cautionary and advisory
notes for drug therapy.
2. Guidance for special clinical practices: Neonates, children, elderly, terminal care, liver
disease, renal impairment, pregnancy and lactating mothers.
3. Clinical pharmacy for OTC preparation: Antacids and anti-flatulence, antidiarrhoeals,
laxatives, emetics and antiemetics, antihistamines and anti-allergen, analgesics,
contraceptives, ear-nose-throat preparations, dermatological preparations.
4. Blood and related products: Whole blood and blood components, plasma expanders and
intravenous fluids, antibodies and isoagglutinins, agents affecting blood coagulation,
anticoagulants, electrolytes and systemic buffers, drugs affecting blood production.
5. Clinical toxicology: Role of poison centers, adverse reactions and poisoning incidences,
analysis of poisoning situations, poison information sources, assessment of poison
exposure.
6. Clinical signs, symptoms and management of poisoning: Case with pesticides,
fumigants, solvents, vapors, gases, food toxins, cyanides poison, cosmetics, toxins of
animal origin, over-doses of drugs, drug interactions etc.

PHR 406 Pharmaceutical Technology-III

Credit Hr: 4

1. Compaction and compression of powder: Physics of tablet compression, mechanism of

tablet formation, bonding to tablets, the effect of compressional force on tablet properties,
effect of lubricants on tablet compression and binding, instrumented tablet machines and
tooling, problems associated with large scale manufacturing of tablets.
2. Sustained release drug delivery systems: Principle of SR dosage forms, advantages and
disadvatages of SR dosage forms, classification and types of SR dosage forms, methods of
obtaining SR effects of drugs, drug release mechanisms from SR dosage forms, formulation
and manufacturing of SR matrix tablets, dose calculation for SR dosage forms, evaluation of
sustained release dosage forms.
3. Aerosol science and technology: Definition and classification of aerosols, propellants for
aerosol manufacturing, components of aerosol formulations, containers and valves for
aerosols, metered dose delivery of aerosols, manufacturing of aerosols, testing and quality
assurance of aerosols.
4. Design and operation of clean rooms: Source of contamination, classification of clean
rooms, airflow systems- conventional flow, unidirectional flow, laminar airflow units; air
filtration mechanisms, fibrous filters and HEPA filters, temperature and humidity control,
building design, construction and use, personnel, protective clothing, cleaning and
disinfection, commissioning tests of clean and aseptic rooms, routine monitoring tests, the
operation of clean and aseptic rooms, key factors in clean room operations.
5. Parenteral products: Definition and classification of parenteral products, formulation
considerations, vehicles and additives, containers, manufacturing techniques, raw materials
and machines, quality control of parenteral products.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 35
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

6. Ophthalmic products: Anatomy of eye and adrena, absorption of drugs in the eye,
classification of ophthalmic products, safety considerations of ophthalmic products,
formulation, vehicles and additives, manufacturing considerations, environment,
manufacturing techniques, quality control of ophthalmic products, packaging of ophthalmic
products.
7. Packaging technology: Purpose of packaging, properties of packaging materials, factors
influencing choice of package, advantages and disadvantages of different packaging
materials, glass and glass containers, metal and metal containers, plastic and plastic
containers, films, foils and laminates, rubber based materials, closures, tamper resistant
packaging, testing and quality assurance of packaging materials, different packaging
machines and accessories, organization of packaging line, labeling.

PHR Pharmaceutical Technology-III-Lab

406L Credit Hr: 1
1. Preparation of paraffin ointment B.P. (50 gm).
2. Formulation and preparation of paracetamol suspension (50 ml).
3. Formulation and preparation of chlorpheniramine maleate solution (100 ml).
4. Formulation and preparation of paracetamol tablet.
5. Formulation and preparation of cotrimoxazole suspension.
6. Formulation and preparation of iron syrup (100 ml).
7. Formulation and preparation of Whit-field’s ointment.

PHR 407 Biopharmaceutics-II

Credit Hr: 4

1. Introduction to compartment:
(a) One-compartment open model: Determination of plasma concentration from one
compartment open model, elimination rate constant, apparent volume of distribution,
calculation of K from urinary data.
(b) Multiple compartment models: (i) Two-compartment open model, method of
residuals, apparent volumes of distributions, drug in tissue compartment, elimination rate
constant (ii) Three compartment open model, method of residuals, determination of area
under curve, apparent volumes of distribution, elimination rate constant.
2. Pharmacokinetics of drug absorption: Zero-order absorption model, first- order
absorption model, determination of absorption rates constant from oral absorption data.
3. Multiple dosage regimen (MDR): Drug accumulation, repetitive intravenous injection,
multiple oral dosage regimens, loading dose and determination of bioavailability and
bioequivalence from MDR.
4. Intravenous infusion: One-compartment model drugs, two-compartment model drugs,
infusion plus loading dose.
5. Dosage adjustment in renal disease:
(a) Pharmacokinetic considerations, general approaches for those adjustment in renal
diseases, dose adjustment based on drug clearance, dose adjustment based on the
elimination rate constant, measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), calculation of
creatinine, clearance from serum creatinine concentration, dose adjustment based on
nomogram, Giusti-Hayton method, Wagner method.
(b) Extracorporeal removal of drugs.
6. Non-compartmental analysis: Physiologic-pharmcokinetic model, statistical moment,
mean residence time etc.
7. Relationship between pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic responses.
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 36
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

PHR Biopharmaceutics-II-Lab
407L Credit Hr: 1

1. Determination of the dissolution time and dissolution rate of the enteric coated
diclofenac sodium tablet.
2. In vitro dissolution study of theophylline tablet.
3. In vitro dissolution study of SRDF theophylline capsule.
4. Preparation of castor oil emulsion and determination of its pH and viscosity.

PHR 408 Cosmetology

Credit Hr: 2

1. The skin: Introduction, epidermis and keratinizing system, pigment system, langerhans cell,
dermis, nerves and sense organs, blood vessels, exocrine sweat glands, hair follicles,
sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, common disorders of the skin.
2. Product ingredients: Commonly used surface-active agents, humectants, antiseptics,
preservatives, antioxidants.
3. The manufacture of cosmetics: Introduction, mixing and the manufacture of bulk cosmetic
products, solid-solid mixing, manufacture of pigmented powder products, mixing processes
involving fluids, general principles of fluid mixing, mixing equipments for fluids, solid-liquid
mixing, suspension of solids in agitated tanks, liquid-liquid mixing: miscible liquid, immiscible
liquid.
4. Skin creams: Introduction, classification of skin creams, cold creams, cleansing creams,
night and massage creams, moisturizing, vanishing and foundation creams, pigmented
foundation creams, hand creams and hand-and-body creams, all purpose creams.
5. Shaving preparations: Introduction, lather shaving cream, brush less or non-lathering
cream, aerosol shaving foams, after-shave preparations.
6. Dental products: Introduction, formulation and manufacturing of toothpastes and tooth
powders, mouth wash.
7. Hair products: Introduction, shampoos, hair setting lotions, hair tonics and conditioners.

PHR Cosmetology-Lab
408L Credit Hr: 1
1. Formulation and preparation of cold cream.
2. Formulation and preparation of vanishing cream.
3. Formulation and preparation of transparent shampoo.
4. Formulation and preparation of egg shampoo.
5. Formulation and preparation of talcum powder.
6. Formulation and preparation of tooth powder.
7. Formulation and preparation of after shave lotion.
8. Formulation and preparation of shaving cream.

PHR 409 Pharmacy Practice-I

Credit Hr: 4
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 37
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

A. Hospital Pharmacy
1. Introduction: Goals, minimum standards, abilities required for a hospital pharmacist,
hospital as an organization, classification, organizational patterns, management and
administration, different departments and services, role of a pharmacist in the hospital,
hospital pharmacy, organizational and personnel, supportive personnel, pharmacy
education, job description.
2. Pharmacy and therapeutics committee: Description and purpose, membership and
functions, hospital formulary, guiding principles, legal basis, principles for admission or
deletion of drugs, selection of text, investigational use of drugs, description, principles
involved, classification, control, identification, role of hospital pharmacist, advisory
committee.
3. Purchasing and inventory control: Purchasing agent, purchasing procedure, control on
purchase, storage, perishable inventory, physical inventory, perpetual inventory.
4. Control of special classes of drugs: Use of samples, in-patient drug orders, out-patient
prescriptions, ward stock drugs, label symbols, narcotics and their control, classes,
procurement and execution of order forms, dispensing, hospital narcotic regulations, new
systems, floor stock drugs, selection, charge and non-charge, labeling, regulations
concerning narcotics, inspection of nursing drug cabinets.
5. Dispensing to in- and out-patients: Drug distribution systems, dispensing of charge, non-
floor stock drugs, mobile dispensing unit, unit dose dispensing, new concepts, dispensing to
out-patients, locality of out-patient dispensing area, dispensing routine, record keeping,
dispensing during off-hours, use of nursing supervisors, emergency boxes and night drug
cabinets, pharmacist-on-call, drug charges in hospitals, pricing, break-even point pricing.
6. Manufacturing–bulk and sterile: Control and budget, manufacturing facility and capacity,
operating costs, quality control.
7. Drug information center and library
B. Community pharmacy: Concept of community health care, health needs of the community,
different level of health care, elements of primary health care, principles of primary health
care: equitable distribution, community participation, intersectoral coordination, appropriate
technology, health manpower, health care delivery at different levels, community pharmacy
in dealing with communicable diseases problem, nutritional problems, environmental
sanitation problems and indigenous systems of medicine, development of community
pharmacy infrastructure, participation of non-governmental voluntary health agencies.
C. Rational use of drugs: Background of rational use of drugs, definition, factors underlying
irrational use of drugs: patients, prescribers, drug supply system; drug regulation and drug
promotion, impact of irrational use of drugs with examples, disease-specific indicators, drug
use patterns in developing countries, changing drug use patterns, factors effecting drug use,
strategies to improve prescribing, experiences with interventions to change drug use in
developing countries, strengths and weaknesses of different interventions to change drug
use patterns, international network for rational use of drugs.
D. Forensic pharmacy: Definition, epidemiology of poisoning, influential factors, substances
most frequently involved in accidental ingestions among children, first-aid treatment for
poisoning, treatment, antidotes: locally acting and systemic, prevention of poisoning, poison
control, poison control act, schedules, poison treatment centers, poison prevention
packaging, national and community awareness, centralization of poison information, role of
pharmacist at different levels.

B. Pharm. Professional Year V

PHR 501 Quality Control & Analytical Method Validation

Credit Hr: 4
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 38
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

1. Quality control overview: Introduction, general information & significance of quantitative

and qualitative analyses in quality control, sampling techniques. Pharmacopoeial tests and
specifications, standardization of pharmaceuticals and formulated products, quality control
systems for drugs and pharmaceuticals, causes of poor quality, theory and basic concepts
of GLP, ISO 9000, ISO 9001, ISO 17025, TQM and ICH.
2. Terminology and validation overview: Introduction, terminology used in the validation of
analytical procedures, regulatory basis for process validation.
3. Validation of analytical methods: Strategy and parameters for the validation of methods,
verification of standard methods, validation of non-routine methods, analytical validation
within the pharmaceutical environment, validation of standard operating procedures (SOP).
4. Overview of pharmaceutical product development and its associated quality system:
Discovery research, preclinical phase, clinical phases, regulatory submission, quality system
for the analytical development laboratory.
5. Potency method validation: Validation practices, strategies and validation parameters,
potency method revalidation, common problems and solutions.
6. Method validation for HPLC analysis: Introduction, background information, method
validation experiments, common problems and solutions.
7. Performance verification
(a) Performance verification of HPLC: Introduction, performance verification practices,
operation tips for HPLC performance verification.
(b) Performance verification of UV-Vis and IR spectrophotometers: Introduction,
performance attributes, practical tips in UV-Vis and IR spectroscopic performance
verification
(c) Performance verification of NMR and MS: Introduction, calibration of spectra, internal
standards, common problems and solutions.
(d) Karl fisher apparatus and its performance verification: Introduction, instrumentation,
performance verification, common problems and solutions.
8. Bioanalytical method validation: Definition of bioanalytical method validation, regulatory
guidance on bioanalytical method validation, current validation practices, common problems
and solutions.
9. Quality control of herbal drugs: Introduction, detection of adulterants including the
presence of API, determination of foreign matters, development of standardization
parameters, phytoconstituents and their analysis, analytical procedures for some bioactive
materials, screenings of herbal drugs for pesticide residues and other potential
contaminants.
10. Statistical methods in data analysis.

PHR Quality Control & Analytical Method Validation-Lab

501L Credit Hr: 1

1. Calibration of UV spectrophotometer through absorbance and wavelength checks.

2. Determination of the effects of slit width and scanning speed on the UV absorption
spectrum of a given drug.
3. Determination of the E-Z isomer ratio in clomiphene citrate mixture.
4. Assessment of the precision of quantitative measurements using HPLC.
5. Separation and identification of the xanthene derivatives in tea or coffee by HPLC.
6. Gas chromatographic determination of the composition of fatty acids in fixed oils.
7. Testing of containers, closures, liners, glasses and plastics used for packing
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 39
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

pharmaceutical products
8. Test of packaging materials, cartons, aluminum foils, films used for blister packing,
ampoules, vials, etc.

PHR 502 Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Herbal Medicine

Credit Hr: 2

1 Introduction: Definition of functional foods, nutraceutical and herbal medicine, their role in
health care management
2 Food Science and nutrition: Overview on medical foods, nutraceuticals, functional foods
and dietary supplements.
3 Food components and nutrition: Food composition, macronutrients, micronutrients,
protein, carbohydrates, fats and oils vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and fiber-like
ingredients, trans fatty acids and omega 3,6,9 fatty acids, sugar and fat substitutes.
4 Food, nutrition, health and diseases: Relationship of nutrition and health, dietary
guidelines/food pyramid, food habit and obesity, effects of trans and omega 3,6,9 fatty acids
on health and diseases.
5 Nutraceuticals in herbal products, fruits, vegetables and grains with health benefits:
Effects of nutraceutical on cancer, immune system; phytochemicals and their roles in
prevention of specific diseases; antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory a hypolipedimic
herbs and nutraceuticals.
6 Food processing and food products developments: Food preservation, food irradiation,
fermentation, processing of dairy foods, confectionary foods, cereals and grains, beverages,
special infant foods and formulas, microorganisms in food, food packaging.
7 Food Biotechnology: Genetic engineering in improving plant and animal products and
improving food processing.
8 Quality assurance of nutraceuticals, dietary supplements & herbal products: GMPs,
hazard and risk analysis, quality factors, toxicity analysis, shelf life of nutraceuticals,
functional foods and dietary supplements, bioavailability and safety issues of functional
foods and nutraceuticals.

PHR 503 Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

Credit Hr: 4

Section A: Biostatistics
1. Definition of biostatistics and its application in pharmaceutical sciences.
2. Sources and presentation of data: Definition of data, types of data, collection of data,
presentation of data, frequency distribution, cross tabulation, graphical/diagrammatic
presentation of data, variables, population, sample.
3. Statistical inference: Introduction, standard error, p value, test of significance /hypothesis,
types of hypothesis, one-tailed & two-tailed tests, type I & type II errors, degrees of freedom,
confidence interval.
4. Hypothesis testing- parametric tests: Introduction, z test, t test, analysis of variance
(anova), repeated measures split-plot design, pearson's correlation co-efficient, simple linear
regression, multiple linear regression, logistic regression.
5. Hypothesis testing:
a) Multiple comparison tests: Introduction, Bonferroni test, Dunnett's test, lsd test, Tukey's
test, Scheffe test.
b) Nonparametric tests: Introduction, ranking, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test,
Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman's test, Chi square test, relative risk & odds ratio, sensitivity
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 40
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

and specificity, the Spearman's rank correlation.

6. Choosing an appropriate statistical test: Introduction, rationale for using statistical tests,
parametric versus nonparametric tests, which test to apply in which situation? choosing an
appropriate post hoc test.
7. Study design & types of study: Defining objectives & proposal formulation, types of study,
descriptive case studies, cross sectional studies, case control studies, cohort studies,
parallel designs, cross-over designs, pre-test/post test studies, quasi-experimental designs.
8. Sampling & sample size determination: Introduction, sampling, steps in sampling design,
sampling methods, simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling,
cluster sampling, multistage sampling, purposive sampling, convenience sampling, quota
sampling, determination of sample size.
9. Statistical test for bioequivalence: Introduction, bioequivalence, experimental designs,
statistical analysis for bioequivalence, dissolution testing.

Section B: Bioinformatics
1. Introduction: Definition of bioinformatics, basic concepts of protein and nucleic acid,
sequence, structure and function.
2. Bioinformatics databases: Introduction, nucleotide sequence databases, primary
nucleotide sequence databases, secondary nucleotide sequence databases, protein
sequence databases, sequence motif databases, protein structure databases.
3 Sequence alignment and database searching : Single sequence alignments, biological
motivation, pairwise alignments, database searching including BLAST, multiple sequence
alignments.
4 Protein structure alignments: Definition of structure superposition, structure alignment,
different alignment algorithms, number of protein folds in PDB.
5 Phylogenetics: Sequence-based taxonomy, from multiple alignment to phylogeny,
computer tools for phylogenetic analysis.
6 Metabolism and networks.

PHR 504 Disease Management-II

Credit Hr: 4

1 Contraception: Advantage and disadvantages of combined oral contraception (COC);

symptoms including the need to stop taking COC immediately; advice when stopping or
changing the COC; advice given to a patient who forgets to take a progestogen only pill
(POP) or the COC pill; other forms of contraception available to women where COC and
POP are unsuitable or are not their first choice; the role of the pharmacist in the supply of
emergency hormonal contraception.
2 Women's health: Common symptoms associated with cystitis, thrush, dysmenorrhoea and
pre-menstrual tension (PMT); suitable OTC treatments, advice pharmacists should give
about these conditions; patients needing referral to other health care professionals.
3 Osteoporosis: Etiology and pathology of osteoporosis; risk factors for the development of
osteoporosis; lifestyle advice for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis; hormone
replacement (HRT) regimens; risks and benefits of HRT; advantages and disadvantages of
selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) and bisphosphonates.
4 Urinary tract infections: Clinical features of urinary tract infections and population groups
at risk; natural history and current treatment options in relation to UTls; therapeutic options
for resistant UTl.
5 Sexually transmitted infections: Signs and symptoms of, and causative organisms and
treatment options for gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis, candidiasis, bacterial
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 41
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

vaginosis, trichomoniasis, genital herpes, syphilis, genital warts, cervical infections.

6 Diabetes: Etiology and pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes; aims of diabetes
management; dietary and lifestyle advice for diabetes, The pharmacists role in the
prevention and identification of undiagnosed diabetes; core elements education
programmes; prevention and management of hypoglycaemia; advice that should be given
during intercurrent illness; the pharmacists role in risk modification to prevent long-term
complications.
7 Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: The drug and non-drug measures used to
manage osteoarthritis and the modern therapeutic approach used in the treatment of
rheumatoid arthritis, pharmaceutical care in bone and joint disease-how pharmacists can
contribute to the prevention of falls and care of patients with osteoporosis, arthritis or taking
long term corticosteroids.
8 Oral hygiene: The impact of fluoride in preventing gum disease, how a patient should
choose and use a suitable toothbrush and the treatment of mouth ulcer, candidosis and
angular cheilitis, wound care, the different stages in the healing process, the factors that can
affect wound healing, the different wound types, the characteristics of an ideal dressing and
the properties and actions of available dressings.
9 Acute poisoning: The different types of poisoning, the general principles of management of
acute poisoning and the management of poisoning with aspirin, paracetamol and drugs of
misuse.
10 Childhood conditions: The symptoms, treatment and advice for common childhood
conditions and childhood immunisation schedule. pharmaceutical care in children-why drug
handing varies for different age ranges, dosing conventions used to calculate drug doses in
children, unlicensed and off-label drug used in children, medicines taking and concordance
issues in children.
11 Management and treatment of different cardiovascular diseases.

PHR 505 Clinical Research and Clinical Pharmacokinetics

Credit Hr: 4

1 Basic concept and general discussion on clinical research: Pre clinical, toxicity studies,
evolution of drugs and regulatory framework. drugs discovery and development, clinical data
management. ICH GCP introduction.
2 Definition of clinical research: Guidelines for undertaking clinical trails, data to be
submitted for clinical trails. Structure, content & format for clinical study report, approval for
clinical trials, responsibility of sponsor, investigator & ethical committee.
3 Animal toxicology: (non-clinical toxicity study), Animal pharmacology, human
pharmacology (phase I), therapeutic exploratory trail (phase II), therapeutic confirmatory
trails (phase III), post marketing trails (phase IV), studies in special population, special
studies: bioavailability /bioequivalence, pharmacovigilance.
4 Introduction and review of pharmacokinetic processes: Kinetics following IV bolus,
define clearance, volume of distribution and elimination half-life, concentration-time profile
following IV bolus, estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters from IV data.
5 Kinetics following IV infusion: Define steady state and describe the concentration-time
profile following IV infusion, estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters following IV infusion
and cessation of infusion.
6 Kinetics following extravascular administration: Describe concentration: time profile of
first order absorption, define absorption rate constant and bioavailability, estimation of
pharmacokinetic parameters following extravascular administration.
7 Kinetics following multiple dosing.
8 Pharmacokinetics of drug molecules in different disease conditions: In-vivo in-vitro
relationship study, detail pharmacokinetics for bioequivalence study of different formulations,
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 42
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

drug-drug interaction study, pharmacokinetics of drug molecules in different populations.

PHR Clinical Research and Clinical Pharmacokinetics-Lab

505L Credits Hr: 1

The practical course will be conducted as designed by the course teacher.

PHR 506 Pharmacy Practice-II

Credits Hr: 4

1 Therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycosides and vancomycin in hospitalized

patient: Assessment of peak and trough concentration of the antibiotics during treatment to
avoid toxicities.
2 Empirical uses of antibiotics in different infections: Choice of antibiotics on the basis of
culture sensitivity report, antibiotics in clean cut surgery, antibiotics uses in intra-operative
surgery.
3 Antibiotic policy in a hospital: Role of physicians and pharmacist in implementing the
antibiotic policy in a hospital setting.
4 Assessment of medication to the patients undergoing cardiac surgery: Coronary artery
stenting, closing of atrial septal defect (ASD) through surgery, closing of petent ductus
arteriosus in neonates through surgery and medicines used for treatment of petent ductus
arterious, patient management in coronary care unit (CCU), drug use management in
cardiac patient
5 Drug uses and management during pregnancy: Relatively safe drugs, drug associated
with some risk, drugs contraindicated during pregnancy.
6 Total parenteral nutrition (TPN): Requirements of TPN in a hospital setting, types of
patients need TPN, calculation and preparation of TPN by the pharmacist in a hospital
following good professional practice, TPN required in pre-termed baby, TPN required by a
cancer patient unable to take food orally, TPN to patient in long term unconsciousness etc
7 Extemporaneous preparation: Professional justification, legal justification, compounding
accuracy and medication potency, sources of medicinal ingredients, examples of some oral
preparations, dermatological preparations, ophthalmic preparations, parenteral admixtures.
8 Therapeutic management of patient in intensive care unit (ICU) with case studies.
9 Dispensing of anticancer drug by the pharmacist and its rationale: Pre- and post
medication of the patient during chemotherapy, side effects and risk of anticancer drugs
10 Dosage adjustment of medicines in patients with hepatic and renal failure.
11 Adverse drug reaction reporting and role of pharmacist in prevention ADR event.
12 Prescription error: Types and assessment, role of pharmacist in prevention.

PHR 507 Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs

Credit Hr: 2

1. Regulations and laws governing the practices of pharmacy in Bangladesh (The

Pharmacy Ordinance 1976), role of Pharmacy Community of Bangladesh
2. Policies, sales, regulation and laws concerning to the manufacture, possession,
distribution, sale of drugs and poisons:
 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Page 43
Syllabus of B.Pharm. program
Effective from session 2010-2011

The Drug Act 1940 (XXIII of 1940)

The Drug Ordinance 1982
The Drug Policy 1982
The Drug (Control) Ordinance 1982 (Ordinance No. VIII of 1982), its amendments
The Narcotics (control) Act 1990
The National drug policy 2005 for regulation of process of registration, manufacture,
distribution, sale, import, and export of drug in Bangladesh.
The Poisons Act 1919 and related amendments
3. Approval process, format and registration of pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh.
4. Rules and regulations for controlling poisons and narcotic materials in Bangladesh.
5. Control of drug advertisements and prices, patented and trade marked medicine,
proprietary medicine, regulation of cosmetics and poison control.
6. Schedules of drugs and poisons.
7. The Pharmacist’s code of ethics

PHR 508 Hospital Training

Credits Hr: 4

Students must go through rigorous hospital training for a period of three months. Hospital
authority will arrange their visit in each unit of the hospital; will give training about how to
manage patients in different critical conditions, prevention of diseases, use of drugs etc.
After completion of training, students will produce their work through multimedia
presentation in the faculty

PHR 509 Project and Dissertation

Credits Hr: 2

Project titles will be provided by the supervisor of the student. The supervisor will be in
overall charge of the management of the project and will also ensure that the student
adheres to the project regulations and requirements. At the end of the project each student
will submit a dissertation and give an oral presentation of his or her findings.