COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector: CONSTRUCTION

Qualification:
CARPENTRY NC II

Unit of Competency:
LAY OUT REFERENCE LINES

Module Title:
LAY OUTING REFERENCE LINES

TECHNICAL EDUCATION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

CARMELO C. DELOS CIENTOS NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Issued by: Page 1 of 39
Reference
Lines Developed by:
CHRISTINE R. DUPA Revision # 00
 HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Welcome to the module in “LAY OUTING REFERENCE LINES” one of
the competencies of CARPENTRY NCII. This module contains training
materials and activities for you to complete.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome
are Information Sheets, Self – Checks, Operation sheets and job sheets.
Follow and perform these activities on your own. If you have questions, do
not hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.
The goal of this module is the development of practical skills. To gain
these skills, you must learn the concepts and theory. For the most part,
you’ll get this information from the Information Sheets, Operation Sheets
and Job Sheets.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency, in “Lay outing reference lines”.
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge
and skills in this particular competency independently and at your own
pace, with minimum supervision or help from your instruction.
Remember to :
• Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
• Read information sheets and complete the self – check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
• Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.
• You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice
on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work
shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and memory and also
your confidence.
• Use the Self – checks, Operation Sheets or Job Sheets at the end of
each section to test your own progress.
• When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask
your Trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in your Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.
You need to complete this module.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
 Issued by: Page 2 of
39
Reference October 21, 2023
Revision # 00
Lines
Developed by:
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

LIST OF COMPETENCIES
No Unit of competency Module title Code
1. Lay out Reference Lines Lay outing Reference lines CON711301
2. Fabricate, install and Fabricating, installing and CON711302
remove wooden formworks removing wooden formworks
3. Install wooden door jamb, Installing wooden door jamb, CON711303
window frame and panels window frame and panels
4. Install ceiling and wall Installing ceiling and wall frames CON711304
frames and panels and panels
5. Fabricate and install Fabricating and installing wooden CON711305
wooden stairs stairs
6. Install wooden floor Installing wooden floor supports CON711306
supports and panels and panels
7. Fabricate and install Fabricating and Installing roofing CON711307
roofing system system
8. Fabricate and install Fabricating and installing wooden CON711308
wooden cabinet cabinet

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 3
of 39
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Lay out Reference Lines
MODULE TITLE: Lay outing Reference Lines

INTRODUCTION:
This unit of competency deals with the knowledge, skills and
attitudes in Lay outing reference lines. It includes preparing materials
and tools, locating the offset line established by the line and
grade/surveyor, and establishing the required reference lines.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

LO1. Prepare materials and tools.
LO2. Locate the offset line established by the line and
grade/surveyor.
LO3. Established the required reference lines.

SUMMARY OF ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Appropriate PPE is selected and used according to job
requirements and OSHC standards.
2. Plans and details are correctly interpreted and identified according
to job requirements.
3. Materials, tools, and equipment are identified consistent with job
requirements.
4. Materials and tools are properly stored and free from defects.
5. Unexpected situations are responded to in line with company rules
and regulations.
6. Housekeeping is performed according to safety regulations.
 Date Developed: Document No.
Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 4 of
39
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 5 of
39
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

7. Located the offset line set by the line and grade/surveyor and
transfer the mark with the use of plastic hose level to the batter
board as the common basis.
8. Batter boards are set away from the building line excavation.
9. Batter boards are properly secured with tolerance for dimension at
+ 5 mm, and levelness of 3 + mm.
10. Unexpected situations are responded to in line with company rules
and regulations.
11. Housekeeping is performed according to safety regulation.
12. Reference lines are properly secured for reference in excavating
building foundation.
13. Marking lines are squared and plumbed from the batter board lines
with tolerance of ± 3mm on all measurements.
14. Worksite is cleaned and kept in safe state according to OSHC
regulations.
15. Daily work report is accomplished in accordance with company rules
and regulations.
LEARNING OUTCOME 3 Established the Required
Reference Lines
CONTENTS:
 Marking reference lines
 Measuring distance between reference and offset lines
 Practicing 5S
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
• Reference lines are properly secured for reference in excavating
building foundation.
• Marking lines are squared and plumbed from the batter board lines
with tolerance of ± 3mm on all measurements.
• Worksite is cleaned and kept in safe state according to OSHC
regulations.
• Daily work report is accomplished in accordance with company rules
and regulations.

CONDITION:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
EQUIPMENT
Computer unit with internet access
TOOLS
Claw Hammer
Water Hose Level
Spirit Level
Plumb Bob
Nylon String
Pull-Push Role
Try Square
Steel Square
Ripping/Wrecking Bar
Hatchet
Crosscut Saw
Bolo
 Sledgehammer

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

Supplies and Materials

Construction Pencils
Paper
Forms
Rough Lumber
Plywood

LEARNING MATERIALS:
 Learning Modules
 Books
 Video (CD)
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
1. Observation
2. Written test.
3. Oral questioning
4. Demonstration

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 7 of
39
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 3 Established the Required
Reference Lines

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet 1.3-1
If you have some problems on Information Sheet
(Marking reference lines)
1.3-1, don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
If you feel you are knowledgeable on the content of
Information Sheet 1.3-1, you can now answer
Self-Check 1.3-1.
2. Answer Self-Check 1.3-1
Compare your answer with the answer key 1.3-1.
If you got 100% correct answer in this self-check,
you could now move to the next information sheet.
If not review the information sheet and go over the
self-check again.
3. Read Information Sheet 1.3-2
If you have some problems on Information Sheet
(Measuring distance between
1.3-2, don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
reference and offset lines)
If you feel you are knowledgeable on the content of
Information Sheet 1.3-2, you can now answer
Self-Check 1.3-2.
4. Answer Self-Check 1.3-2
Compare your answer with the answer key 1.3-2.
If you got 100% correct answer in this self-check,
you could now move to the next information sheet.
If not review the information sheet and go over the
self-check again.
5. Read Information Sheet 1.3-3
If you have some problems on Information Sheet
(Practicing 5S)
1.3-3, don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
If you feel you are knowledgeable on the content of
Information Sheet 1.3-3, you can now answer
Self-Check 1.3-3.
6. Answer Self-Check 1.3-3
Compare your answer with the answer key 1.3-3.
If you got 100% correct answer in this self-check,
you could now move to the next information sheet.
If not review the information sheet and go over the
self-check again.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 8 of
39
 Developed by: Revision # 00
Lines
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-1

Marking reference lines
Learning Objective: After reading this information sheet, you must be able
to:
 Marked reference lines.
MARKING REFERENCE LINES:
The process of establishing the point of building outline or perimeter on the
ground is known to be laying and staking. Prior to construction this process
is done which includes demolition, clearing and establishing building
measurement on the ground. Before a foundation for a construction begins,
the perimeter of the house or building should be laid out on the ground.
Building plans and specification form part of the working drawings needed
in any construction project.
1. Site Plan essentially shows the location of a building or house site. It
includes the following:

• Lot number
• Distance of the house
• Name of the road on which the site is located.
• Actual size of the site
• Compass direction
• Position and size of the casement
• Scale of the drawing

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
 Issued by: Page 9 of
39
Reference October 21, 2023
Revision # 00
Lines
Developed by:
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

2. Floor Plan is a drawing showing the layout of a building taken at a

level plan through windows and doors approximately one meter up
from the floor. It shows the following:

• Arrangement and names of the rooms

• Location of all external and internal walls
• Rooms sizes
• Length and width dimensions
• Position of doors and windows
• Built-in furniture
• Sectioning lines and labels in alphabetical order
• Eaves lines
• Roof structure as shown by broken diagonal lines to
represent hips and valleys.
 Date Developed: Document No.
Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 10
of 39
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
3. Elevation is a scaled drawing of the front, rear or side of a building. It
includes dimensions that cannot be shown on a floor plan such as the
height dimension.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 11
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
Details most working drawings are drawn to the scale of 1:100, which is
rather small. It is not always possible to show important shapes, positions
for assembly, and dimensions of specific parts of a building. A separate
drawing is using the larger scales of 1:5 or 1:10.

4. Specification is a written document prepared by an architect which.

serves as a set of instruction or guidelines that accompanies a
working drawing. It describes how certain aspects of building
construction are to be done and which materials are to be used. It
also describes their desired quality and the expected standard of
work.

Knowing how to read and interpret a working drawing saves time,

money, and effort in the construction of the building.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 12
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 Date Developed: Document No.
Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 13
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

SELF CHECK 1.3-1

Identify the word or group of words that make the statement corre
ctby writing your answer in the space provided.

________1. It describes how certain aspects of building

construction are to be done and which materials are
to be used.

________2. A separate drawing is made using the larger scales of 1:5

or 1:10

________3. Essentially shows the location of a building or house

site.

________4. It includes dimensions that cannot be shown on a

floor plan such as the height dimension.

________5. It shows the following: room sizes, length and width

dimensions, position of doors and windows.
ANSWER KEY 1.3-1
1. SPECIFICATION
2. DETAILS
3. SITE PLAN
4. ELEVATION
5. FLOOR PLAN

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 14
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-2
MEASURING DISTANCE BETWEEN REFERENCE AND OFFSET LINES

Learning Objective: After reading this information sheet, you must be able
to:
• Measure the distance between reference and offset lines

 Measuring distances along straight lines:

In topographical surveys, you measure distances along straight
lines. These lines either join two fixed points or run in one direction starting
from one fixed point. They are plotted in the field with pegs, pillars or
ranging poles.

 Expressing distances as horizontal measurements

You should always measure distances as horizontal distances. You may

have to measure on ground which has no slope, or only a very small slope
that is less than or equal to 5 percent (see Section 4.0). The distance
measured on this type of ground will be equal to or very close to the
horizontal distance. When the slope of the terrain is greater than 5
percent, however, you will have to find the horizontal distance. To do this,
you must either correct any measurements you made along the ground (see
Section 4.0) or use another method of measurement (see following sections).
Unlevelled ground also requires methods of measurement.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 15
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
  Measuring distances along lines that run through obstacles.
Usually, you will be able to reach all the points of the straight line you want
to measure. But in some cases, an obstacle such as a lake, a river or a
cultivated field will be in the way, and you will have to take indirect
measurements. This means that you will calculate horizontal distances
along the original straight line.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 16
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
  Choosing the most suitable method

There are many good ways to measure distances. The method of

measurement you use will depend on several factors:

 the accuracy of the result needed.

 the equipment you have available, to use.
 the type of terrain you need to measure.

TABLE 1

Distance measurement methods

Error2 per
Section1 Method Distance Remarks Equipment3
100 m2
For quick,
Medium 1 to 2 m or
22* Pace count rough None
to long more
estimates
Pacing with
a For quick,
1 to 2 m or Passometer or
22* passometer Long rough
more podometer
or estimates
podometer
Especially
0.05 to useful for Ruler (mason's
21* Ruler Short
0.10 m sloping level, plumb line)
ground
Chaining Liana or rope,
Medium
23** using a 0.5 to 1 m Cheap string, marking
to long
rope line
Chaining
Best
using a Medium less than Steel band,
24** results with
band or to long 0.05 m measuring tape
steel lines
tape
Chaining
Medium 0.02 to Stronger
25** using a Surveying chain
to long 0.10 m quality
chain
For quick
Clisimeter (lyra-)
27*** Clisimeter Medium 1 to 2 m and rough
(2 m stadia staff)
estimates

For quick Telescope with

Medium 0.1 to 0.4
28*** Stadia and stadia hairs,
to long m
accurate levelling staff
 measures

 Calculating perimeter lengths

The perimeter of an area is its outer boundary. The length of the perimeter
of regular geometrical figures can be calculated from the mathematical
formulas given in Annex 1, at the end of this manual.
 Perimeter WXYZW

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 17
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

AB + BC + CD + DE + EF + FA = Perimeter ABCDEFA

Measuring short distances with your ruler

When you must measure a short distance on horizontal terrain, mark each
end of the distance with ranging poles. Place your ruler on the ground with
its end at the first ranging pole, making sure the ruler follows the straight
line. Put a marking peg at the other end of the ruler. Then take the ruler
and place its first end at this marking peg. Continue in this way until you
reach near the end of the line, keeping an accurate count of the number of
ruler lengths. You will usually need to use only part of the ruler's length to
measure the last part of the line. Take care then to read the graduations on
the ruler correctly.
 Date Developed: Document No.
Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 18
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

When you need to measure a distance on sloping terrain, your ruler will be
very useful for finding horizontal distances. You proceed downhill, and for
each measurement:

 make sure that the ruler is horizontal, using a mason's level

  determine the point where you need to place the marking peg, using
a plumb-line at the end of the ruler

A mason's level

A plumb line

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 19
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

Note: when you measure a distance on sloping ground, remember that you
should proceed downhill.
How to measure distances by pacing

1. You may measure distances roughly by pacing. This means you count
the number of normal steps which will cover the distance between two
points along a straight line. Pacing is particularly useful in
reconnaissance surveys, for contouring using the grid method and for
quickly checking chaining measurements.

2. To be accurate, you should know the average length of your step when
you walk normally. This length is called your normal pace. Always
measure your pace from the toes of the foot behind to the toes of the
foot in front.

Count your steps as you walk.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 20
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
Dimensioning Floor Plans

A floor plan is carefully dimensioned to ensure that items such as walls,

columns, doors, windows, openings, stairs, and other particulars are
correctly located for construction. Sometimes after a plan is drawn
accurately to a scale, its reproduction causes a slight enlargement or
reduction of the drawing. In such cases, the floor plan is slightly out of true
scale, but this is acceptable because the written dimensions are the
controlling factors. In fact, most designers add a note on the drawing that
says, "do not scale drawing, follow written dimensions."
Generally, elements such as walls are dimensioned to the frame, as the
builder first erects this and then adds the finishes to it.
This dimensioning technique gives the exact location of the studs, columns,
and beams and is generally placed to the face of these. In some cases,
however, the centerline of the wall might be located and dimensioned.

A portion of a floor plan can be keyed with a symbol to a larger, more

detailed plan that is drawn elsewhere. For example, this part of the plan is
referenced as area 6 and enlarged on sheet A4.

Dimensions on a floor plan generally locate the framework of the building,

such as the face of these 2x4 studs.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 21
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
Dimensioning is done in a hierarchical manner. Buildings, structural
framework, rooms, and fixtures are dimensioned in decreasing size order.
The actual number of dimensions on a plan is dependent upon how much
latitude the designer affords the contractor. A very detailed and dimensioned
plan gives the builder little room for deviation from the original design.
However, if only a few key dimensions are shown, the builder is trusted to
determine exact locations of interior components. A good guideline for
dimensioning falls somewhere between these two approaches. An over
dimensioned plan allows the builder little freedom to make field adjustments
or substitute cost-saving techniques. However, too few dimensions can
produce a lot of guesswork and increase the chances for error in the field
and in coordination between subcontractors.

All dimensions in this floor plan are to the face of a stud, except for the wall
between the closets. It is dimensioned to the centerline of the wall. The
centerline technique can also be used to locate exterior windows and doors,
as seen in this example. Note that the dimensions on this partial floor plan
are placed outside of the spaces. The extension lines do not touch the walls,
and dark 45-degree tick marks indicate the extent of the dimensions.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 22
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
Dimensioning Techniques
Dimensions are placed on the floor plan. Note that the dimension lines are
drafted lighter than wall lines and are generally done as a continuous group
or string of numbers along a line. The extension line begins slightly away
from the object (a minimum of Vi6 inch or 1.58 mm), never touching it. It
extends about V8 inch (3.17 mm) beyond the dimension line. Arrows, dots,
or 45-degree tick marks (most common) are used at the extension line and
dimension line junction. The arrows, dots, or tick marks are drawn with a
thicker and/or darker line to make them stand out graphically. The 45-
degree tick marks are drawn in a consistent direction. However, some
draftspersons slope the tick marks for vertically read dimensions from left to
right and horizontally read dimensions from right to left. When using the
computer, any of these three graphic symbols (arrows, dots, or ticks) can be
called up and consistently inserted for all dimensions.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 23
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

Dimensioning on a floor plan usually requires two or three continuous

dimension lines to locate exterior walls, wall jogs, interior walls, windows,
doors, and other elements. Exterior walls of a building are dimensioned
outside the floor plan. The outermost dimension line is the overall building
dimension. The next dimension line, moving toward the plan, indicates wall
locations and centerlines to doors and windows. Other miscellaneous details
in the plan (such as minor offsets, jogs, or cabinetry and fixtures) are
located on a third-dimension line. This hierarchy of line work allows the
carpenters and other trades to quickly locate major framing elements and
minor details by referring to the appropriate dimension line.

BAR TOOLS SOFA END TABLE

Dimensioning on a floor plan is grouped

hierarchically, working from the overall
dimension of the exterior walls to the smaller
components of a building or space, such as wall
jogs, interior walls, windows, doors, and other
important elements. Dark tick marks at 45
degrees to a dimension's extension line are the
most common technique for indicating junction
points.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 24
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 A leader is used to indicate the distance of 1'-3J'2" from a wall corner to the
check-in shelf on this partial plan, as the space within the dimension line is
too small to letter in. Floor plans in small residential projects often depict
material finishes, such as this tiled floor in the entry, kitchen, breakfast
area, and utility room.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 25
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
SELF CHECK 1.3-2

Identify the word or group of words that make the statement corre
ctby writing your answer in the space provided.

________1. It is carefully dimensioned to ensure that items such as

walls, columns, doors, windows, openings, stairs, and
other particulars are correctly located for construction.

________2. You may measure distances roughly by _______

When you measure a distance on sloping ground,
________3.
remember that you should proceed _______

________4. What will you use to make sure that the ruler is
horizontal?

________5. _______ are placed on the floor plan.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 26
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 Date Developed: Document No.
Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 27
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

ANSWER KEY 1.3-2

1. Floor Plan
2. Pacing
3. Downhill
4. Mason’s Level
5. Dimensions
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-3
PRACTICING 5’S
Learning Objective: After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
 To know on how to practice 5’s properly.

PRACTICING 5’S MAY INCLUDE:

 Teamwork improvement through everyone’s participation.

 Identify Abnormalities

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 28
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 Identify wastes and reduce the wastes.

 Improve productivities.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 29
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 Improve safety.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 30
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
5S is a simple tool for organizing your workplace in a clean, efficient and
safe manner to enhance your productivity, visual management and to
ensure the introduction of standardized working.
Most of the other definitions of 5S and descriptions that I see here on the
internet concentrate heavily on the aesthetics and the efficiency gains that
you achieve through implementing 5S and neglect the real aim of 5S; the
need to introduce standard operational practices to ensure efficient,
repeatable, safe ways of working.
In addition to standardized working which provides you with a stable
foundation to build all your other improvements through implementing Lean
Tools, you also provide a highly visual workplace. One of the most important
factors of 5S is that it makes problems immediately obvious.
5S is a team run process and should be conducted by the people who work
within the area in which the principles of 5S are being applied, it is not a
tool that can be applied by an outsider onto an area without the knowledge
and cooperation of the people within it.

5S is a methodical way to organize your workplace and your working

practices as well as being an overall philosophy and way of working. It is
split into 5 phases, each named after a different Japanese term
beginning with the letter “S”: (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke)
hence the name 5 S.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 31
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
These five distinct phases are (with English descriptions).

5S Seiri; Sort, Clearing, Classify

5S Seiton; Straighten, Simplify, Set in Order, Configure
5S Seiso; Sweep, Shine, Scrub, Clean and Check
5S Seiketsu; Standardize, Stabilize, Conformity
5S Shitsuke; Sustain, Self-discipline, custom and practice.

And for completeness, some companies add a 6th (6S) of Safety, although in
my opinion this should be an integral part of the steps of 5S and not a
separate stage in itself.

The 5S Program is a component of Lean Manufacturing and is intended to

help produce higher efficiency and quality and to reduce waste. The origins
are a bit murky, some claiming that the Japanese learned it from Henry
Ford and Frederick Taylor (author of Scientific Management, 1911) and that
5S is a direct outgrowth of Ford's CANDO program, while others say that 5S
is a result of the pioneering work that Sakichi Toyoda, the founder of Toyota
did in conjunction with his son and his chief engineer.
Regardless the history, this sound and widely emulated
program is based on five Japanese words, all beginning
with "S".

The five Japanese (or more correctly, Nippongo) words

have been transliterated and translated into English.
They are, Seiri (sort), Seiton (straighten), Seiso (shine),
Seiketsu (standardize), and Shitsuke (sustain). Implementing 5S in your
shop, whether you are a hobbyist or pro, will make your shop time more
enjoyable and more productive. You will experience less frustration, you will
work more safely, and the chances are pretty good that the work you turn
out will be of higher quality. You will also gain space, as organization is a
key ingredient of any 5S program.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 32
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
 CHRISTINE R. DUPA

A 5S program does not require you to strip your shop to the walls and start
over. It works with your existing layout, and instead concentrates on
cleaning up and organizing. Unused tools, equipment, and supplies are
removed. Pertinent tools and supplies are organized into logical "work
groups" or "kits" and are labeled or even color-coded to provide an easy
visual reference. Methods are implemented to standardize certain tasks and
the process itself, and then systems are put in place to maintain the new
order and achieve repeatable results.

5C and CANDO

There has been reluctance for some companies in the past to take up
“Japanese” initiatives for business improvement, so some consultancies and
other bodies have come up with non-Japanese equivalents; two of which are
listed below as alternatives for 5S.
5S is also known in some quarters as 5C, with the “S” words replaced by

 Clearing,
 Configure,
 Clean and Check,
 Conformity and finally

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 33
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
  Custom and practice.

CANDO is;

 Cleanup,
 Arrange,
 Neatness,
 Discipline, and
 Ongoing Improvement.

5S Seiri or Sort
5S Seiri or Sort is the first step in 5S, it refers
to the sorting of the clutter from the other
items within the work area that are needed.
This stage requires the team to remove all
items that clearly do not belong in the working area and only leave those
that are required for the processes in question.

5S Seiton or Straighten / Set in order.

5S Seiton or straighten is the process of
taking the required items that are remaining
after the removal of clutter and arranging
them in an efficient manner using ergonomic
principles and ensuring that every item “has
a place and that everything is in its place.”

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 34
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 5S Seiso or Sweep / shine

5S Seiso or Sweep is the thorough cleaning of

the area, tools, machines, and other
equipment to ensure that everything is
returned to a “nearly new” status. This will
ensure that any non-conformity stands out,
such as an oil leak from a machine onto a bright, newly painted clean floor.

5S Seiketsu or Standardize
5S Seiketsu or standardize is the process of
ensuring that what we have done within the
first three stages of 5S become standardized;
that is, we ensure that we have common
standards and ways of working. Standard
work is one of the most important principles of
Lean manufacturing.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 35
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 5S Shitsuke or Sustain
The final stage is 5S Shitsuke or sustain,
ensuring that the company continue to
continually improve using the previous stages
of 5S, maintain housekeeping, and conduct
audits and so forth. 5S should become part of
the culture of the business and the
responsibility of everyone in the organization.

Benefits

The 5S methodology is much more than a cleaning technique. When it

is used according to its true intentions, the benefits are multiple:

 cost reduction by eliminating unnecessary tools or parts (Seiri) or

standardizing them (Seiketsu)
 simplifying work and increasing productivity by reducing search times
(Seiton)
 prevention of breakdowns by inspecting tools or machines during
cleaning (Seiso) and detecting any anomalies
 reduction of the risk of accidents, for example by avoiding the
cluttering of parts, or places made slippery by oil stains.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 36
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
SELF CHECK 1.3-3

TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the
statement is incorrect and indicate your answer in the space provided for.

________1. The final stage is 5S Seiso or Sweep

________2. 5S Seiri or Sort is the first step in 5S

________3. 5S Seiton or straighten is the process of ensuring that

what we have done within the first three stages of 5S
become standardized; that is, we ensure that we have
common standards and ways of working.

________4. 5S is a methodical way to organize your workplace and

your working practices as well as being an overall
philosophy and way of working.

________5. 5S is not a simple tool for organizing your workplace in a

clean, efficient, and safe manner to enhance your
productivity, visual management and to ensure the
introduction of standardized working.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 37
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
SELF CHECK 1.3-3
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 38
of
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA

5. FALSE
 TASK SHEET 1.1-1b

Title: Established the Required Reference Lines

Performance objective: Given the appropriate equipment, supplies and
materials, YOU MUST be able to mark reference lines and to measure
distance between reference lines and offset lines.
Supplies/Materials: Construction pencils, paper, rough lumber, and
plywood.
Equipment: Pull-push Rule, and Steel Square.

Tools: Claw Hammer, Water Hose Level, Spirit Level, Plumb Bob, Nylon
String, Ripping/Wrecking Bar, Hatchet, Crosscut Saw, Bolo, and
Sledgehammer.
PPE:
1. Gloves
2. Hard Hat
Steps/Procedure:
1. Prepare the necessary tools, equipment, and materials.
2. Wear proper PPE.
3. Secured properly the Reference lines for reference in excavating
building foundation.
4. Squared and plumbed the marked lines from the batter board lines.
5. Perform 5’s.

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 39
of 41
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.1-1b
Cleaning Vehicle Unit

Trainee’s Name: __________________________________ Date: __________________

CRITERIA YES NO
Did I? …

1. Prepare the necessary tools, equipment, and materials.

2. Wear proper PPE.

3. Secured properly the Reference lines for reference in

excavating building foundation.

4. Squared and plumbed the marked lines from the batter

board lines.

5. Perform 5’s.

Comments/Suggestions:

Trainer’s Name: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Date Developed: Document No.

Lay out
October 21, 2023
Reference Issued by: Page 40
of 41
Lines Developed by:
Revision # 00
CHRISTINE R. DUPA
REFERENCES:

1. https://anyflip.com/czgge/qtrh Retrieved on November 7, 2023

2. https://www.scribd.com/document/447911466/CBLM-1-
CARPENTRY-NC-II-CORE-1 Retrieved on November 7, 2023

3. https://www.engineersupply.com/best-tools-for-measuring-
distance.aspx Retrieved on November 7, 2023

4. https://www.fao.org/fishery/static/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/
General/x6707e/x6707e02.htm Retrieved on November 7, 2023