SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Shell Marine

MARINE LUBRICANTS
POCKETBOOK
Helping you access the right products
to keep your vessels running

www.shell.com/marine

September 2022
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Accessing the right products to keep your vessels running

With so many lubricants required to keep a vessel running,
choosing the right options can feel like a complicated task.
Shell Marine is here for you. We provide an extensive
portfolio of quality-assured lubricants and technical support
to help you select the right products to keep your vessels
running reliably.
This pocketbook provides a summary of our lubricants and services
that cover different vessels, engines and on-board equipment,
including their applications and typical physical characteristics.
You can be confident that our products and services meet your
requirements, as they have been developed and tested with original
equipment manufacturers (OEM) by our multidisciplinary team at the
Shell Marine Power and Innovation Centre.
Our technical advisors can support you with selecting and
optimising the lubricants you use onboard. And our services such as
Shell LubeAnalyst, Shell LubeMonitor and VitalyX help to provide
reassurance that your lubricants, engines and equipment are
operating reliably.
For further information about products and application details, talk
to your Shell Marine representative or visit www.shell.com/marine.

1
Information provided is accurate at the time of publication (September 2022).

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Table of contents
Marine diesel engines Environmentally acceptable lubricants
Slow-speed crosshead (2-stroke) 5 Shell Naturelle 17
Trunk piston (4-stroke) 5
Hydraulic oils
Two-stroke, slow-speed cylinder oils Shell Tellus, AeroShell 19
Shell Alexia 7
Gear oils
System oils Mineral: Shell Omala S2 20
Shell Melina 9 Synthetic: Shell Omala S4 21

Medium-speed engine oils Air compressor oils

Shell Argina 10 Mineral: Shell Corena S2 22
Shell Gadinia 12 Synthetic: Shell Corena S4 22
Shell Gadinia AL, Shell Mysella 13
Refrigeration oils
High-speed diesel engine oils Shell Refrigeration Oil 23
Multigrade oils: Shell Rimula 14
Gas compressor oils
Monograde oils: Shell Rimula, Shell Rotella, Shell Sirius 16
Shell Gas Compressor Oil 24

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Table of contents
Bearing and circulating oils Shell LubeAnalyst
Mineral: Shell Morlina S2 25 Shell LubeAnalyst 33
Synthetic: Shell Morlina S4 25
Shell LubeMonitor
Turbine oils Shell LubeMonitor 34
Shell Turbo T 26
VitalyX
Transmission oils VitalyX 35
Shell Spirax 27
Shell Accuport
Heat transfer fluids Shell Accuport 36
Shell Heat Transfer Oil 28
Lubricant viscosity classifications 38
Outboard 2-stroke engine oils Viscosity comparison chart 43
Shell Nautilus Premium Outboard 28
Glossary 44
Greases Test method bodies 59
Shell Gadus 29
Grease compatibility chart 31
Fuel oil definitions 60

Notes 61

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Marine diesel engines

Oil requirements Trunk piston (4-stroke)
Slow-speed crosshead (2-Stroke) Crankcase
Cylinder oil Protection from all effects of oil stress
Protection from all effects of oil stress Controls piston land and ring deposits to prevent ring sticking
Combustion acid neutralisation Resistance to corrosion
Scuffing prevention Neutralises combustion acids
Good film strength Scuffing prevention
Piston, ring and scavenge port cleanliness Extreme pressure properties
Anti-wear properties TBN retention and consumption control
SAE 50 and SAE 60 Excellent detergency effect
SAE 30 and SAE 40
System oil
Good film strength Classification of marine diesel engines
Resistance to corrosion
Excellent crankcase cleaning effect Type Slow speed Medium Medium to High speed
Able to separate from water and insolubles by centrifuging speed high speed
Extreme pressure properties Speed
65–150 230–750 600–1,200 1,200–2,250
(rpm)
Rust and oxidation prevention
Bore
Resistant to microbial degradation 260–1,000 300–650 200–400 100–200
(mm)
SAE 30

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Our portfolio of quality-assured lubricants

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Two-stroke, slow-speed cylinder oils

Shell Alexia Shell Alexia 100
A cylinder oil designed to offer enhanced protection in the more
Shell Alexia 40
demanding low-speed, 2-stroke diesel engines burning high-
A cylinder oil for low-speed, 2-stroke diesel engines using very- sulphur fuel oil, 0.5% sulphur fuel (if needed for cleanliness), or a
low-sulphur fuel (0.5% sulphur) and ultra-low-sulphur fuel (0.1% vessel with a scrubber. A cylinder oil developed to protect from
sulphur), as specified by the engine makers. Approved by MAN cold corrosion and to reduce the cost of maintaining demanding
ES, MHI and WinGD (Wärtsilä). engines. Optimised deposit control. Approved by MAN ES, MHI
and WinGD (Wärtsilä).
Shell Alexia 40 XC
Shell Alexia 140
A low base number (BN), high-performance cylinder lubricant
designed for modern, low-speed, two-stroke marine engines using A cylinder oil designed for use under conditions of extreme
low (< 0.5%) sulphur fuels. Approved by MAN ES. oil stress requiring high alkalinity and detergency. It has
been engineered to offer excellent performance for the most
demanding 2-stroke diesel engines under challenging operational
Shell Alexia 70 conditions and with high-sulphur fuels. It is also ideal for use in
onboard cylinder oil mixing systems in combination with lower BN
A cylinder oil for low-speed, 2-stroke diesel engines burning heavy
Shell Alexia cylinder oils or Shell Melina system oil.
fuel oil with up to 3.5% sulphur. Formally known as Shell Alexia
50. Approved by MAN ES, MHI and WinGD (Wärtsilä).

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Two-stroke, slow-speed cylinder oils

Outstanding qualities
Operational simplicity
Outstanding neutralisation of combustion products
Excellent piston ring and cylinder wear rates
Superior deposit control

SAE engine Viscosity index BN, mg KOH/g Flash point, °C Pour point, °C Density at 15°C,
viscosity grade kg/m³

Shell Alexia 40 50 >95 40 >210 < –20 915

Shell Alexia 40 XC 50 >98 40 >210 < –9 915
Shell Alexia 70 50 >95 70 >210 < –6 932
Shell Alexia 100 50 >95 100 >210 < –6 949
Shell Alexia 140 60 >95 140 >225 < –6 975

Note: For detailed application advice based on your specific engine type
and operating conditions, please refer to manufacturers’ guidelines.

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

System oils
Shell Melina S 30
A premium-quality SAE 30 system oil for crosshead engines that can also be used
in many different items of marine equipment, such as certain gears and ancillary
equipment, to rationalise the number of grades of lubricant carried on board ship.

Outstanding qualities
Wear protection
Engine cleanliness
Multifunctional: stern tubes, gears and general
Excellent crankcase cleaning effect
Able to separate from water and insolubles by centrifuging

SAE engine Viscosity, mm²/s BN, Flash point, Pour point, Density at
viscosity mg KOH/g °C °C 15°C,
grade 40°C 100°C kg/m³

Shell Melina S 30 30 104 11.6 5 227 –18 888

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Medium-speed engine oils

Shell Argina S Shell Argina S5 40 (SAE 40, BN55)
A multifunctional crankcase lubricant for highly rated medium-
Shell Argina S2 30 (SAE 30, BN20)
speed diesel engines operating under high-stress conditions and
Shell Argina S2 40 (SAE 40, BN20) on residual fuel with sulphur content above 2.0%. Designed for the
A multifunctional crankcase lubricant for highly rated medium- latest high-output, low-oil-consumption engines.
speed diesel engines operating on residual, blended or distillate
fuels with sulphur content up to 0.5%.

Shell Argina S3 30 (SAE 30, BN30)

Shell Argina S3 40 (SAE 40, BN30)
Multifunctional crankcase lubricants for highly rated medium-
speed diesel engines operating on residual fuel with sulphur
content up to 2.0%.

Shell Argina S4 40 (SAE 40, BN40)

A multifunctional crankcase lubricant for highly rated medium-
speed diesel engines operating under high-stress conditions and
on residual fuel with sulphur content above 2.0%.

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Medium-speed engine oils

Shell Argina S Well-balanced high-detergency/low-dispersancy formulation
Optimised to resist oxidation and maintain BN to reduce the to effectively release contaminants and water in centrifugal
amount of oil sweetening that is required separators
Very effective level of detergency leading to exceptionally The oils have a comprehensive range of engine manufacturers’
clean crankcase, valve deck and pistons approvals.
The formulation has been further optimised to reduce deposits
in critical areas, e.g., piston undercrown

SAE engine Viscosity, mm²/s BN, Flash point, °C Pour point, °C Density at
viscosity mg KOH/g 15°C,
grade 40°C 100°C kg/m³

Shell Argina S2 30 30 106 11.9 20 210 –9 898

Shell Argina S2 40 40 131 13.7 20 230 –9 900

Shell Argina S3 30 30 105 11.9 30 210 –9 900

Shell Argina S3 40 40 130 13.7 30 230 –9 905

Shell Argina S4 40 40 127 13.7 40 230 –9 910

Shell Argina S5 40 40 123 13.7 55 230 –9 920

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Medium-speed engine oils

Shell Gadinia S3 30 (SAE 30) Improved cleanliness performance and enhanced lubricant oil
consumption control
Shell Gadinia S3 40 (SAE 40)
Excellent wear protection
High-quality, multifunctional diesel engine lubricants designed for Shell Gadinia S3 is approved by leading trunk piston engine
the most severe service main propulsion and auxiliary marine trunk manufacturers.
piston engines burning distillate, hybrid and biofuels with a sulphur
content up to 1%. Shell Gadinia S3 has a comprehensive set of non-engine
Optimised for use in non-engine applications like gearboxes, approvals, including from Simplex B&V; Ortlinghaus; Stromag;
clutches, deck machinery and stern tubes REINTJES; RENK, Rheine; RENK, Augsburg; Siemens/Flender;
Very high load carrying capacity (FZG Gear Machine) – MAN Alpha (meets requirements); CLP requirements specification
Failure Load Stage 12 (ISO 1435-1 A/8.3/90) (meets requirements widely); and VDL requirements specification
(meets requirements widely).

SAE engine Viscosity, mm²/s BN, Flash point, °C Pour point, °C Density at
viscosity mg KOH/g 15°C,
grade 40°C 100°C kg/m³

Shell Gadinia S3 30 30 104 11.9 12 210 – 21 890

Shell Gadinia S3 40 40 128 13.7 12 230 – 21 890

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Medium-speed engine oils

Shell Gadinia AL 30 (SAE 30) Shell Mysella S3 N 40
Shell Gadinia AL 40 (SAE 40) A high-performance natural gas engine oil for lean-burn, spark-
Advanced lubricants for medium-speed trunk-piston engines ignition 4-stroke engines requiring low-ash oil.
running on distillate fuel. Specially designed to control oil
consumption in modern engines where liner lacquering is a Shell Mysella S5 N 40
potential problem. Suitable for use in certain gears and ancillary The highest performance natural gas engine oil for use in highly
equipment. Approvals: Rolls-Royce Bergen, DEUTZ AG, MAN rated spark-ignition 4-stroke engines requiring low ash oil. It is
Diesel & Turbo, Wärtsilä NSD, MaK and Simplex. specially developed to provide extended oil drain intervals.
Reduced lacquer
Lower lubricant consumption
Increased engine reliability

SAE engine Viscosity, mm²/s BN, Flash point, °C Pour point, Density at
viscosity mg KOH/g °C 15°C,
grade 40°C 100°C kg/m³

Shell Gadinia AL 30 30 95 11.4 15 >200 –18 893

Shell Gadinia AL 40 40 140 14.3 15 >200 –18 900

Shell Mysella S3 N 40 40 135 13.5 5 230 –18 890
Shell mysella S5 N 40 40 125 13.3 4.5 264 –18 890

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

High-speed diesel engine oils

Multigrade oils
Shell Rimula R4 X 15W-40 (USA, Shell Rotella T Triple
Protection 15W-40)
Shell Rimula R4 L 15W-40 (low-SAPS) (USA, Shell Rotella
T3 15W-40)
Shell Rimula R6 M 10W-40 (synthetic) (USA, Shell Rotella
T6 5W-40)

High-performance engine oil for highly rated high-speed diesel

engines that meet the latest API and ACEA specifications.

Suitable for engines burning distillate fuels with a sulphur

content of up to 1.0%
Outstanding engine cleanliness
Superior wear control
Excellent oxidation resistance

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

High-speed diesel engine oils

Viscosity, mm²/s BN, Flash point, °C Pour point, °C Density at

mg KOH/g 15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C

Shell Rimula R4 X 15W-40 109 14.7 10.5 230 –36 881

Shell Rimula R4 L 15W-40 115 15.5 10.0 227 –33 883

Shell Rimula R6 M 10W-40 83 13.2 13.0 256 –36 848

Shell Rotella T4 Triple Protection

120 15.5 10.1 204 –36 879
15W-40
Shell Rotella T3 Fleet 15W-40 115 15.5 10.0 227 –35 879

Shell Rotella T6 5W-40 87 14.2 10.6 224 –51 858

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

High-speed diesel engine oils

Monograde oils Performance specifications
Shell Rimula R3+ 30 (USA, Shell Rotella T1 30) Typical specifications are API CF; ACEA E3-96; MB 228.3; MAN
Diesel & Turbo 3275; Ruston; Wärtsilä; NSD; Volvo VDS‑2; MTU
Shell Rotella DD+ 40
approved (Type II high-performance category); CWEC approved
Shell Sirius X 40 (Cummins Wärtsilä Engine Company); MWM DEUTZ approved
Monograde heavy duty diesel engine oils. (high output, high speed, e.g., TBD 620); meets the requirements of
Caterpillar 3600 Series.

SAE engine Viscosity, mm²/s BN, Flash point, °C Pour point, Density at
viscosity mg KOH/g °C 15°C,
grade 40°C 100°C kg/m³

Shell Rimula R3+ 30 30 93 11.0 9 242 –18 890

Shell Rotella DD+ 40 40 138 14.4 8 250 –15 899

Shell Sirius X 40 40 139 14.0 17 230 –18 890

Shell Rotella T1 30 30 107 11.9 7.5 210 –24 887

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Environmentally acceptable lubricants

Shell Naturelle S4 Stern Tube Fluid 100 Shell Naturelle S5 Grease V120P 2
A non-emulsifying fluid made from fully saturated esters. Approved An advanced biodegradable extreme-pressure grease for use
by the major stern tube and seal manufacturers. Designed to offer in plain and roller bearings, and for general vessel lubrication.
superior lubrication and resistance to hydrolysis. EU Ecolabel Approved by major rudder carrier manufacturers. EU Ecolabel
registered for VGP 2013 compliance. registered for VGP 2013 compliance.

Shell Naturelle S4 Gear Fluid Shell Naturelle S2 Grease A600P 1.5

A fully saturated ester based gear fluid for use in thrusters and A high-performance fully biodegradable lubricant for use on wire
propulsion drives, and certain stern tube designs. Superior load- ropes, cables and open gears offering high resistance to water
carrying performance while maintaining biodegradability. EU wash-off while maintaining outstanding adhesion properties.
Ecolabel registered for VGP 2013 compliance for Shell Naturelle Complies with the VGP 2013 requirements. EU Ecolabel registered
S4 Gear Fluid 150 and complies with the VGP 2013 requirements for VGP 2013 compliance.
for Shell Naturelle S4 Gear Fluid 68 and 100.
Shell Naturelle S4 Grease U68AP 1.5
Shell Naturelle S2 Hydraulic Fluid A calcium sulphonate complex-based grease that is designed
A synthetic ester based advanced hydraulic fluid for use in to be used in a wide range of offshore industries, specifically in
applications requiring VGP compliance. Approved for use in loaded-gear applications. OSPAR registered Yellow.
major manufacturers’ stabilisers and controllable-pitch propellers,
and holding ISO 15380 (HEES) and DIN 51524 part 2 and 3. EU
Ecolabel registered for VGP 2013 compliance.

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Environmentally acceptable lubricants

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point, °C Density at
15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C

Shell Naturelle S4 Stern Tube Fluid 100 100 13.7 >230 –30 941

Shell Naturelle S4 Gear Fluid 68 68 11.0 >180 –24 909

Shell Naturelle S4 Gear Fluid 100 100 14.0 280 –24 919

Shell Naturelle S4 Gear Fluid 150 150 18.0 280 –24 927

Shell Naturelle S2 Hydraulic Fluid 46 47 9.4 322 –42 921

Shell Naturelle S2 Hydraulic Fluid 68 68 12.3 320 –42 924

Thickener NLGI Dropping point, Operating

°C temperature, °C

Shell Naturelle S5 Grease V120P 2 Lithium 2 180 –35 to +100

Shell Naturelle S2 Grease A600P 1.5 Calcium 1–2 120 –20 to +100
Calcium sulphonate
Shell Naturelle S4 Grease U68AP 1.5 complex
2 260 –20 to +150

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Hydraulic oils
Shell Tellus S2 VX Viscosity, mm²/s Flash Pour Density
High-performance hydraulic fluids providing point, °C point,°C at 15°C,
outstanding protection and performance across a 40°C 100°C kg/m³
wide range of temperatures. They resist breakdown
under heat or mechanical stress and are ideally Shell Tellus S2 VX 15 15 3.7 200 –42 820
suited to most equipment subjected to a wider
Shell Tellus S2 VX 22 22 4.8 210 –42 835
range of ambient or operating temperatures where
ISO HV hydraulic fluids are recommended. Shell Tellus S2 VX 32 32 6.1 215 –39 854

Shell Tellus S3 M 46 Shell Tellus S2 VX 46 46 7.9 220 –36 856

A premium zinc-free anti-wear formulation used
Shell Tellus S2 VX 68 68 10.5 230 –30 860
where ISO HM hydraulic oils are recommended.
Shell Tellus S2 VX 100 100 14.0 230 –30 870
Shell Tellus S4 VX 32
Advanced technology to meet the requirements of Shell Tellus S3 M 46 46 6.8 220 –33 865

extremely low ambient temperature conditions.

Shell Tellus S4 VX 32 33.8 9.9 >100 –60 890

AeroShell Fluid 41 AeroShell Fluid 41 14.1 5.3 105 <–60 870

Excellent low-temperature properties and super-
clean levels.

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Gear oils
Mineral
Shell Omala S2 GX
High-quality, extreme-pressure (EP) oils for the lubrication of heavy-duty marine
gearboxes. Their high load carrying capacity, protection against micropitting and
compatibility with seals and paints combine to offer excellent performance in enclosed
gear applications. (Specific grades are approved by Siemens AG for use in Flender,
helical, bevel, planetary and marine gear units.)

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point,°C Density at

15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C
Shell Omala S2 GX 68 68 8.7 >230 –27 885

Shell Omala S2 GX 100 100 11.3 >230 –24 891

Shell Omala S2 GX 150 150 14.8 >240 –24 897

Shell Omala S2 GX 220 220 19.0 >240 –18 899

Shell Omala S2 GX 320 320 24.2 250 –15 903

Shell Omala S2 GX 460 460 30.6 >250 –12 904

Shell Omala S2 GX 680 680 42.1 >250 –9 912

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Gear oils
Synthetic
Shell Omala S4 GXV
Advanced synthetic heavy-duty marine gear oil offering outstanding viscosity index and
low-temperature fluidity, low foaming tendency and extended compatibility with seals
and paints.

Shell Omala S4 WE 220

An excellent anti-oxidation synthetic polyalkylene glycol gear lubricant for
operating temperatures up to 200°C or steel-on-bronze applications.

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point,°C Density at

15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C
Shell Omala S4 GXV 150 150 22.0 240 –45 862

Shell Omala S4 GXV 220 220 30.0 240 –42 864

Shell Omala S4 GXV 320 320 37.0 240 –42 866

Shell Omala S4 WE 220 222 34.4 278 –39 1,074

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Air compressor oils

Mineral Shell Corena S4 R
Shell Corena S2 P A fully synthetic lubricant for use in oil-flooded screw or rotary vane
Premium-quality mineral oils with excellent oxidation stability for air compressors. Shell Corena S4 R 68 meets the requirements of
use in reciprocating air compressors with discharge temperatures ABB for the VTR.4 type turbocharger 5,000-hour oil-drain interval
up to 220°C. and is approved by GEA Westfalia separators.

Synthetic
Shell Corena S4 P
A high-performance synthetic lubricant for use in reciprocating air
compressors operating under the severest conditions.

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point,°C Density at

15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C
Shell Corena S2 P 100 100 9.2 240 –33 899
Shell Corena S2 P 150 155 12.1 240 –30 902
Shell Corena S4 P 100 100 10.2 260 –39 988
Shell Corena S4 R 46 46 7.7 230 –45 843
Shell Corena S4 R 68 68 10.2 248 –45 848

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Refrigeration oils
Shell Refrigeration Oil S4 FR-F
A polyol ester refrigeration oil for use with environmentally friendly HFC refrigerant
gases R23, R134a, R404a, R410 and R507.

Shell Refrigeration Oil S4 FR-V

A high-performance universal alkylated benzene refrigeration oil suitable for
reciprocating, centrifugal and rotary compressors using R22 or R717 down to
evaporator temperatures of –60°C.

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point,°C Density at

15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C
Shell Refrigeration Oil S4 FR-F 32 31 6.0 >220 –54 1,018

Shell Refrigeration Oil S4 FR-F 68 66 8.8 >230 –42 991

Shell Refrigeration Oil S4 FR-F 100 94 10.7 >230 –42 984

Shell Refrigeration Oil S4 FR-F 220 219 19.2 287 -24 978

Shell Refrigeration Oil S4 FR-V 32 29 4.1 180 –45 870

Shell Refrigeration Oil S4 FR-V 68 68 6.2 190 –39 871

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Gas compressor oils

Shell Gas Compressor Oil S4 PV 190
A versatile polyalkylene glycol cylinder lubricant for reciprocating
compressors handling hydrocarbon and other gases.

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point,°C Density at

15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C
Shell Gas Compressor Oil S4 PV 190 190 36.0 262 –30 1,056

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Bearing and circulating oils

Mineral
Shell Morlina S2 B 150
A mineral bearing oil giving excellent water shedding and corrosion protection.

Synthetic
Shell Morlina S4 B
A fully synthetic anti-wear bearing oil approved for Alfa Laval separators (ISO 220).

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point,°C Density at

15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C
Shell Morlina S2 B 150 150 15.0 262 –15 887

Shell Morlina S4 B 220 220 28.0 275 –45 854

Shell Morlina S4 B 320 320 37.0 275 –45 854

Shell Morlina S4 B 460 460 51.0 275 –33 855

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Turbine oils
Shell Turbo T Excellent
Specialist oils that meet the demands of high-output thermal stability
steam turbines. Meets ISO 8068 L-TSA, L-TGA type demulsibility
B and DIN 51515 L-TD. Shell Turbo T 68 meets the air release
requirements of ABB for VTR.4 type turbocharger resistance to foaming
1,000 hour oil-drain interval. rust and corrosion protection.

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point,°C Density at

15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C
Shell Turbo T 32 32 5.45 >215 <–33 840

Shell Turbo T 46 46 6.9 >220 <–27 858

Shell Turbo T 68 68 8.95 >240 <–24 871

Shell Turbo T 100 100 11.7 >250 <–24 873

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Transmission oils
Shell Spirax S3 AX 80W-90
A high-performance API GL-5 gear and axle oil for moderate to heavily loaded gear
applications requiring SAE 80W-90 oil.

Shell Spirax S4 ATF HDX

A superior-quality automatic transmission fluid suitable for heavy duty transmissions.

Shell Spirax S4 TXM

A premium “universal transmission oil” designed for use in transmissions,
hydraulic systems, oil-immersed brakes and other ancillary systems.

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point,°C Density at

15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C
Shell Spirax S3 AX 80W-90 169 16.8 220 –30 900

Shell Spirax S4 ATF HDX 33 7.2 152 –48 847

Shell Spirax S4 TXM 60 9.4 220 –42 882

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Heat transfer fluids

Shell Heat Transfer Oil S2
A heat transfer fluid for use in indirect closed fluid heat transfer systems with bulk temperatures up to 320°C.

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point,°C Density at

15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C
Shell Heat Transfer Oil S2 29 5.1 208 –12 857

Outboard 2-stroke engine oil

Shell Nautilus Premium Outboard
A high-performance lubricant for superior protection of all gasoline outboard 2-stroke motors.
Approved to NMMA TC-W3.

Viscosity, mm²/s Flash point, °C Pour point,°C Density at

15°C, kg/m³
40°C 100°C
Shell Nautilus Premium
38 7.0 70 –35 871
Outboard

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Greases
Shell Gadus S2 V220 0 Extreme-pressure grease for highly loaded centralised systems
Shell Gadus S2 V220 1 Extreme-pressure grease for highly loaded centralised systems
Shell Gadus S2 V220 2 High-viscosity base oil multipurpose grease for high loads
Shell Gadus S2 A320 2 Extreme-pressure grease withstands water washout while retaining protection
Shell Gadus S2 V220AD 2 High-viscosity base oil and mixed lithium–calcium thickener with molybdenum disulphate
Shell Gadus S2 V220AC 2 High-viscosity base oil and mixed lithium–calcium thickener
Shell Gadus S2 V100 3 General-purpose grease for use in large electric motors
Shell Gadus S3 High Speed
Special grease for flexible gear couplings
Coupling Grease
Shell Gadus S3 V220C 2 High-viscosity base oil multipurpose grease for high loads
Shell Gadus S3 T220 2 Top-performing, high-temperature, extreme-pressure multipurpose grease
Shell Gadus S5 V100 2 Synthetic, lithium complex extreme-pressure grease with a wide operating temperature range
Shell Gadus S2 OG 40 Superior performance open-gear grease
Shell Gadus S2 OG 50 Superior performance open-gear grease

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Greases
Base NLGI grade Average dropping Operating
point, °C temperature, °C

Shell Gadus S2 V220 0 Lithium 0 – –20 to +120

Shell Gadus S2 V220 1 Lithium 1 180 –20 to +120
Shell Gadus S2 V220 2 Lithium 2 180 –20 to +120
Shell Gadus S2 A320 2 Calcium 2 85 –10 to +60
Shell Gadus S2 V220AD 2 Lithium–calcium 2 175 –10 to +120
Shell Gadus S2 V220AC 2 Lithium–calcium 2 180 –20 to +120
Shell Gadus S2 V100 3 Lithium 3 180 –20 to +130
Shell Gadus S3 High Speed
Lithium 1 >150 –30 to +120
Coupling Grease
Shell Gadus S3 V220C 2 Lithium complex 2 240 –25 to +140
Shell Gadus S3 T220 2 Diurea 2 260 –20 to +160
Shell Gadus S5 V100 2 Lithium complex 2 260 –50 to +150
Shell Gadus S2 OG 40 – – – –
Shell Gadus S2 OG 50 – – – –

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Grease compatibility chart

Aluminium Calcium Calcium Clay Lithium Lithium Polyurea
complex complex complex
Aluminium complex – ● ● ● ● ● ●

Calcium ● – ● ● ● ● ●

Calcium complex ● ● – ● ● ● ●

Clay ● ● ● – ● ● ●

Lithium ● ● ● ● – ● ●

Lithium complex ● ● ● ● ● – ●

Polyurea ● ● ● ● ● ● –

● Compatible ● Borderline ● Incompatible

This chart is a guide and testing may be required to assess compatibility.

31
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Optimise your operations through

technical expertise and digital services
With the growing complexity of the marine industry, you may need expert
advice and solutions to help your operations run smoothly. Shell Marine
offers access to technical expertise and digital services. That way, you
have the information to make decisions that reduce unnecessary costs
and downtime.
Investing in digital solutions and specialist in-house technical
knowledge can be costly, so our marine experts have
combined technical expertise, data and digitalisation to build
a suite of services for you.
The following section provides an overview about
these services, including how they can help you
to keep your fleet operating efficiently and
reliably, and provide insights to optimise
maintenance and procurement.
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Shell LubeAnalyst
The Shell LubeAnalyst oil and equipment condition monitoring service identifies potential oil or equipment failures before they become critical
by analysing laboratory oil test results, giving you greater peace of mind. The service can also help to lower the total cost of ownership by
helping to identify opportunities to extend oil-drain intervals, lower maintenance costs and improve equipment reliability.
Your Shell Marine Technical Advisor can help recommend the right Shell LubeAnalyst test suites and sampling schedules for your operations.

A reliable used-oil monitoring service Tailored advice and detailed diagnosis Easy-to-use online portal and app with useful features

Covers every type of vessel machinery Advice backed by more than 30 technical Make quick, informed decisions with a customised insights
experts dashboard
7 ISO-accredited laboratories globally Sample analysis reports generated by Benchmark data across your fleet (and others in the Shell
advanced algorithms, featuring database)
Using ASTM and in-house test methods oil and wear limits Save time and reduce errors through pre-registering of
colour-coded values out of range samples digitally
customer and equipment details
Accurate and timely results Receive sampling reminders and Email notifications on your
equipment and oil running hours
sample status
physicochemical parameters
230,000 samples analysed a year contaminants Access record of lubricant recommendations for your vessels.
25-million-point database for wear metal analysis Download sampling reports
benchmarking of data, including: additive levels.
15,000 vessels and equipment items
700,000 components.

To learn more, visit

33
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Shell LubeMonitor
With engines becoming more complex and 70% Increase efficiency with Save time and money Easy access
of defects visible in the lubricating oil,2 two-stroke cylinder information in with actionable insights
engine manufacturers recommend on-board oil one place
monitoring and cylinder inspection in addition to Onboard oil testing results Insights at fleet, vessel or Submit data via a web
cylinder level portal, mobile app or
laboratory oil testing.
offline logbook
The Shell LubeMonitor cylinder condition Shell LubeAnalyst Better decision-making Features can be used
monitoring platform is designed to be your go-to laboratory testing results for users on-board and regardless of connectivity
management on land at sea
place for two-stroke engine monitoring. On-board
and laboratory testing data, as well as cylinder Engine operating conditions Optimise lubricant
selection, feed rate, and
inspection information, are held in one digital maintenance intervals
space and analysed against a central data
Shell LubeMonitor reports Diagnostic reports with
repository to produce useful diagnostic reports tailored technical advice
Engine inspection photos
and actionable insights. and measurements
from Shell experts

Latest features
Following extensive customer consultation, the platform has been revamped to
include new and innovative features such as
updated reports for laboratory analysis and piston ring measurements
piston-ring wear calculators
specific lubricant oil consumption (SLOC) logs to monitor consumption of
any on-board equipment
To learn more, visit

2
MAN Energy Solutions: “MAN Fluid Monitor for lube oil,” FR62_EN (November 2019)

34
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

VitalyX
VitalyX, powered by Shell Remote Sense and Bently Nevada, is a lubricant How it works
condition monitoring service that helps maintenance change from being
time-based to health-based. Designed for four-stroke engines and on-board
equipment, it is based on the Internet of Things and advanced analytics; sensors
are used to continuously monitor lubricants and equipment so that you can
detect issues early and optimise maintenance intervals. Gathering raw data on 30+ years of lubricant
oil and equipment analysis expertise
Monitor lubricant Actionable insights and Improve productivity
condition and instant recommendations and profitability
contamination 24/7
Water ingress Contamination alerts Avoid unplanned downtime
Viscosity Fine control of oil quality Avoid expensive failures
Analysis powered by AI and machine learning
Total acid number Remaining oil life notifications Make consumption savings
Total base number Extending oil-drain or Extend the life of your oil Asset benchmarking Anomaly detection Oil property data
maintenance intervals and equipment Calibrating the model Tracking behaviour modelling
Fuel dilution Predicting outcomes
Oxidation
Nitration
Coolant contamination
Soot

Oil condition | Contamination alerts | Remaining oil life

To learn more, visit
35
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Shell Accuport
A challenge for global industries like shipping is finding ways to manage the procurement of the many lubricants you need for your
vessels more efficiently and with fewer manual processes.
Shell Accuport is a one-stop digital solution to help simplify the procurement of marine products. The user-friendly platform offers
e-commerce features, complemented with the ability to track vessels, predict lubricant demand and provide useful insights. It is offered
to all customers to help make purchasing Shell Marine lubricants easier, improve lifting efficiency and optimise procurement.

Improve efficiency Useful insights Predict demand Buy easier

Frees staff time and reduces labour- Value-added vessel data analytics Monitors lubricant consumption Receive instant price quotations
intensive communications and insights
Removes additional cost from Real-time tracking of vessel Notifies when lifting is required Place, track and amend orders
inefficient lifting locations online
Streamlines communication Monitors fleet lifting patterns Recommends lubricant purchases Download invoices and proof of
between vessels and office delivery

To learn more, visit

36
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Other useful information

37
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Lubricant viscosity classifications

SAE viscosity classifications
Engine oils
The most widely used system for engine oil viscosity classification
is that established by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in
the USA. In this system, two series of viscosity grades are defined:
those containing the letter W and those without the letter W.
Grades with the letter W are intended for use at lower
temperatures and are based on a maximum low-temperature
viscosity, a maximum borderline pumping temperature and a
minimum viscosity at 100°C. Oils without the letter W, intended
for use at higher temperatures, are based on their viscosity at
100°C only.
A “multigrade” oil satisfies the viscosity requirements of one of the
W grades at low temperatures and one of the non-W grades at
high temperatures.

38
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Lubricant viscosity classifications

Viscosity grades for engine oils, SAE J300 – April 20211,2

SAE Low temperature (°C) Low temperature (°C) Low-shear-rate kinematic High-shear-rate viscosity,6
viscosity cranking viscosity,3 mPa·s pumping viscosity,4 mPa·s viscosity,5 mm2/s at 100°C mPa·s at 150°C
grade Max. Max. with no yield stress Min. Max. Min.
0W 6,200 at –35 60,000 at –40 3.8 – –
5W 6,600 at –30 60,000 at –35 3.8 – –
10W 7,000 at –25 60,000 at –30 4.1 – –
15W 7,000 at –20 60,000 at –25 5.6 – –
20W 9,500 at –15 60,000 at –20 5.6 – –
25W 13,000 at –10 60,000 at –15 9.3 – –
20 – – 5.6 <9.3 2.6
30 – – 9.3 <12.5 2.9
3.5 (0W-40, 5W-40, and 10W-
40 – – 12.5 <16.3
40 grades)
3.7 (15W-40, 20W‑40, 25W-
40 – – 12.5 <16.3
40, 40 grades)
50 – – 16.3 <21.9 3.7

60 – – 21.9 <26.1 3.7

1
1 mPa·s = 1 cP; 1 mm /s = 1 cSt
2

2
All values, with the exception of the low-temperature cranking viscosity, are critical specifications, as defined by ASTM D3244
3
ASTM D5293: Cranking viscosity – the non-critical specification protocol in ASTM D3244 shall be applied with a P value of 0.95.
4
ASTM D4684: Note the presence of any yield stress detectable by this method constitutes a failure regardless of viscosity.
5
ASTM D445
6
ASTM D4683, CEC L-36-A-90 (ASTM D4741) or ASTM D5481
39
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Lubricant viscosity classifications

Automotive gear lubricants
This classification is based on the lubricant viscosity measured at low and/or high temperatures. It should be noted that there is no
relationship between the SAE engine oil and gear oil classifications. A gear lubricant and an engine oil having the same viscosity will
have widely different SAE grade designations, as defined in the two classifications.

Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscosity Classification SAE J306 – February 2019;
Automotive Gear Lubricant Viscosity Classification, SAE J306 – February 2019

SAE viscosity Maximum temperature for Kinematic viscosity at 100°C, cSt

grade viscosity of 150,000 cP, °C Min. Max.
70W –55 4.1 –
75W –40 4.1 –
80W –26 7.0 –
85W –12 11.0 –
80 – 7.0 <11.0
85 – 11.0 <13.5
90 – 13.5 <18.5
110 – 18.5 <24.0
140 – 24.0 <32.5
Note:
190 – 32.5 <41.0
1 cP = 1 mPa·s,
250 – 41.0 – 1 cSt = 1 mm²/s
40
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Lubricant viscosity classifications

ISO viscosity classification ISO viscosity Mid-point viscosity Kinematic viscosity limits at 40°C, cSt
grade at 40°C, cSt Min. Max.
The ISO viscosity classification uses centistoke
(cSt) units and relates to the viscosity at 40°C. ISO VG 2 2.2 1.98 2.42
It consists of a series of 18 viscosity brackets ISO VG 3 3.2 2.88 3.52
between 1.98 and 1,650.0 cSt each of which is
ISO VG 5 4.6 4.14 5.06
defined by a number. The numbers indicate, to
the nearest whole number, the mid-points of their ISO VG 7 6.8 6.12 7.48

corresponding viscosity brackets. ISO VG 10 10 9.00 11.00

ISO VG 15 15 13.50 16.50
ISO VG 22 22 19.80 24.20
ISO VG 32 32 28.80 35.20
ISO VG 46 46 41.40 50.60
ISO VG 68 68 61.20 74.80
ISO VG 100 100 90.00 110.00
ISO VG 150 150 135.00 165.00
ISO VG 220 220 198.00 242.00
ISO VG 320 320 288.00 352.00
ISO VG 460 460 414.00 506.00
ISO VG 680 680 612.00 748.00
ISO VG 1000 1,000 900.00 1,100.00
ISO VG 1500 1,500 1,350.00 1,650.00

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Lubricant viscosity classifications

NLGI grease classification Grade No. ASTM worked penetration at 25°C, dmm
The commonly used grease consistency classification 000 445–475
is that established in the USA many years ago by the
00 400–430
National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI). This
classifies greases solely in terms of their hardness or 0 355–385
softness; no other property or performance level is 1 310–340
taken into consideration. The classification consists 2 265–295
of a series of consistency ranges, each of which is
3 220–250
defined by a number (or numbers) from 000 to 6. The
consistency is defined by the distance in tenths of a 4 175–205
millimetre that a standard cone penetrates a sample 5 130–160
of the grease under standard conditions at 25°C. 6 85–115

American Gear Manufacturers Association AGMA ISO viscosity grade

lubricant No.
Classification AGMA 250.04
1 46
This standard details specifications for lubricants
used in industrial enclosed gear drives. 2 68
3 100
4 150
5 220
6 320

42
 20 22 70 W 10 W 4
10 W
55W
W
10 2
ISO SAE GEARS SAE ENGINE
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Viscosity comparison chart

Kinematic viscosities Kinematic viscosity table Saybolt viscosities
cSt cSt SUS SUS
at 40°C at 100°C at 100°F at 210°F
2,000 10,000
70
1,500 8,000 300
60
6,000
1,000 250 5,000
50 1,000 8A
800 4,000 200
40 190
600 680 8 3,000
30
500 140
460 7 2,000
400

300 320 6 60 110 1,500

20
100
200 220 5 50
1,000 90
90
800 80
150 4 40
600 70
85 W
100 100 3 500
80 10 30 60
400
9
68 2 80 W 55
8
60 300
7 20 50
50 200
40 46 1 45
6
30 32 15 W 75 W 150
5
10 W
4 22 40
20 5W 100

15

10 10 60
ISO AGMA SAE SAE
VG grade crankcase gear

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary
Symbol Chemical element Symbol Chemical element
Ag Silver Ni Nickel

Al Aluminium P Phosphorous

B Boron K Potassium

Ba Barium Pb Lead

Ca Calcium S Sulphur

Cr Chrome Sb Antimony

Cu Copper Si Silicon

Fe Iron Sn Tin

Mg Magnesium Ti Titanium

Mn Manganese V Vanadium

Ma Molybdenum Zn Zinc

Na Sodium

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary

A Anti-scuffing additive
An additive included in some lubricant formulations that is
Abrasion absorbed on to metal surfaces to prevent direct metal-to-metal
In gears, a type of wear caused when hard particles are trapped contact.
between the gear teeth.
Anti-wear additive
Acid An additive included in some lubricant formulations to reduce
Any substance capable of producing hydrogen ions in solution. An friction and wear.
acid will be neutralised by a base.
Apparent viscosity (of a grease)
Acidity The observed viscosity of a grease that varies with both
In lubricants, the acidity denotes the presence of acidic temperature and flow rate.
constituents whose concentration is usually defined in terms of an
acid number. Aromatic
An organic chemical compound built mainly of carbon and
Additive hydrogen atoms, and containing one or more rings of carbon
A substance added to a lubricant to improve its properties or atoms in which there are some double bonds between adjacent
impart new characteristics. carbon atoms.

Air release
The ability of a fluid to allow the escape of air entrained within it.
Anti-foaming additives are included in some lubricant formulations
to suppress foam formation.

45
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary
Asphaltene Biodegradability
Large and complex chemical compounds in which sulphur, The capacity of a substance to be broken down
nitrogen, vanadium and nickel are built into aromatic structures. by the biological action of living organisms.
They occur predominantly in heavy residues such as residual fuel
and bitumen. Bleeding
Separation of oil from grease. Some bleeding is desirable
Ash because it provides continuous oil lubrication to bearings.
Some additives, particularly metallic detergent additives, leave
behind a powdery residue after combustion. This residue is known Bore polishing
as ash and it can cause engine malfunction if allowed to build up A condition that may occur in the cylinders of turbocharged
in the combustion chamber. engines when the cylinder walls appear highly polished. Bore
polishing often leads to an increase in oil consumption and wear,
Ash (sulphated) and to a decrease in engine efficiency.
The ash content of an oil, determined by charring the oil and
breaking down the residue with sulphuric acid and evaporating to Boundary lubrication
dryness. Expressed as percentage by mass. A lubrication regime in which the film of lubricant is so thin
that surface-to-surface contact takes place over a large area

B
and the load is carried by a very thin film of lubricant.

Base stock (base oil)

Refined petroleum oil used in the production of lubricants and other
products. The base stock may be used alone or blended with other
base stocks and/or additives to manufacture a finished lubricant.

46
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary

C CCAI
See calculated carbon aromaticity index.
Calcium base grease
A grease made from a lubrication fluid thickened with calcium Cetane index
soap. Calcium base grease is highly resistant to water but unstable Cetane index is used as a substitute for the cetane number of
at high temperatures. diesel or distillate fuel. The cetane index is calculated based on
the fuel’s density and distillation range and is a measurement of
Calculated carbon aromaticity index (CCAI) the combustion quality of diesel fuel during compression ignition.
The CCAI is a number calculated from an empirical formula
indicating the ignition quality of a residual fuel. Only the fuel’s Compatibility
density and viscosity are required. The formula was derived by The ability of substances to exist together without damaging each
Shell Research. The higher the CCAI value, the worse the ignition other.
quality.
Corrosion inhibitor
Carbon residue An additive included in some lubricant formulations to help the
Coked materials remaining after an oil has been exposed lubricant protect against corrosion.
to high temperatures under controlled conditions.

Cavitation D
The formation of pockets of air or vapour in a fluid Demulsification
when the pressure on the fluid is reduced. The separation of an emulsion into its component liquids.

47
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary
Density Dropping point
Mass per unit volume. Standard units are kilogrammes per cubic Lowest temperature at which a grease is sufficiently fluid to drip,
metre (kg/m3) or grammes per cubic centimetre (g/cm3). as determined by test method ASTM D566 or ASTM D2265.
This test helps determine whether a grease will flow or not from a
Detergent bearing at the operating temperature.
An additive included in most engine oil formulations
to inhibit deposit formation and protect the Dynamic viscosity
lubricated surfaces. The viscosity of a fluid defined as the shear stress (the force
causing movement between adjacent layers of fluid) divided by
Dew point the rate of shear (the difference in speed between adjacent layers
The temperature at which water vapour starts to condense. of fluid).

Dispensability
The property of a grease that governs the ease with which it E
may be transferred from its container to its point of application. Engine deposits
Accumulations of sludge, varnish and carbonaceous residues
Dispersant caused by blow-by of unburned and partially burned fuel, or
An additive included in some lubricant formulations to hold from partial breakdown of the crankcase lubricant. Water from
insoluble contaminants in suspension. the condensation of combustion products, carbon, residues from
fuel or lubricating oil additives, dust and metal particles also
Distillate contribute.
Any product obtained by condensing the vapours distilled from a
refining process.

48
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary
Emulsification Flash point
The forming of an emulsion. The lowest temperature of a liquid at which the vapour above the
liquid can be ignited by an open flame.
Extreme pressure (EP) additive
An additive included in some lubricant formulations to provide Friction
extra protection against wear. Under heavy loads, EP additives The force that resists relative movement between two surfaces in
form a protective chemical film on the surfaces in contact. contact.

Fuel injection
F The introduction of fuel under pressure directly into
Film strength the cylinders of an internal combustion engine.
The ability of a film of oil or grease to resist rupture due to load,
speed, temperature or shock loading. FZG gear test rig
A method for determining the load carrying capacity of lubricants.
Filterability Calibrated spur gears are operated at fixed speeds and
The ability of a liquid to pass freely through a filter without controlled initial oil temperatures for 15-min stages. The load on
clogging it. the gear teeth is increased at each stage. Lubricant performance
is judged by the number of stages run up to a defined weight
Flammability loss of the test gears or visual assessment of damage to the tooth
How easily something can be ignited and burned. flanks. The maximum number of stages is 12.

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary

G Hydrocarbons
Chemical compounds that consist entirely of carbon and
Gravity hydrogen. They form the basic components of all fuels and
For petroleum products only, the mass–volume relationship lubricants derived from petroleum.
expressed as
Specific gravity = mass/unit volume product at 60°F
Hydrodynamic lubrication
The lubrication regime that provides the best lubricating conditions
at 60°F
mass/unit volume water at 60°F and exists when two moving surfaces are completely separated
by a relatively thick film of lubricant.

( )
141.5
API gravity = – 131.5
specific gravity at 60°F
I
Grease Immiscible
A lubricant with a semi-solid consistency produced by dispersing a Incapable of being mixed to form a homogeneous
thickening agent in a base oil. fluid (or mixture), e.g., oil plus water.

Incompatibility
H Incompatibility occurs when a mixture of two lubricants results
High viscosity index (HVI) in physical properties or performance being markedly inferior
An HVI oil is one having a viscosity index of between about 85 to those of both individual products. Performance or properties
and 115. inferior to one of the products but superior to the other may
be due to simple mixing and is not considered evidence of
incompatibility.

50
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary
Inhibitor ISO viscosity grade (ISO 3104)
A substance that is added in a small proportion to a lubricant A measure of the viscosity of a lubricant at 40°C, as specified
to prevent or retard undesirable changes in the quality of the in the viscosity grading system laid down by the International
lubricant or in the condition of the equipment in which the Standards Organization.
lubricant is used.

Insolubles K
Contaminants found in used oils, such as dust, dirt, wear particles Kinematic viscosity
and/or oxidation products, which are often measured as pentane A definition of viscosity commonly used by lubricant
or benzene insolubles to distinguish the different types of insoluble manufacturers. It is equal to the dynamic viscosity of a liquid
matter. divided by its density.

ISO 8217
Petroleum products – Fuels (class F) – Specification for marine L
fuels is an international standard that defines a range of fuel Lacquer
grades that meet the requirements for marine fuels supplied on a A hard, shiny, transparent surface coating usually found in engines
worldwide basis for consumption on board ships. The standard and derived from the breakdown products of fuel and lubricant.
sets out the required properties of the fuels at the time and place
of custody transfer. The current version of the standard was Lithium base grease
published in 2012. A product prepared from a lubricating fluid thickened with lithium
soap. Lithium base grease resists both heat and moisture.

51
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary
Low viscosity index (LVI) Monograde
Low viscosity index oils have a viscosity index of less than about An oil with a viscosity that satisfies the requirements of only one
30. grade of the SAE grading system.

Multigrade
M A term used to describe an oil for which the viscosity–temperature
Mechanical stability characteristics are such that its low- and high-temperature
The ability of a grease to resist structural breakdown when viscosities fall within the limits of two different SAE grades.
mechanically worked.

Mineral oil N
Oil derived from fractionating and purifying crude oil. Naphthenic base stock
A type of base stock prepared from naphthenic crudes containing
Miscible a high percentage of ring-type asphaltic hydrocarbons. They are
Descriptive of substances, usually liquids, that mix together to form characterised by high specific gravity and a low viscosity index.
a homogeneous fluid.
Nitration
Mixed base grease (mixed soap grease) The process whereby nitrogen oxides attack petroleum fluids at
A grease made by co-crystallisation of two or more metallic high temperature, often resulting in viscosity increases and deposit
soaps, usually lithium and calcium. formation.

52
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary
NLGI grade number Oil separation
A numerical scale for classifying the consistency or stiffness range In greases, the separation of the base oil from the thickener.
of lubricating greases.
Oxidation stability
Non-soap thickener The ability of a chemical to resist chemical breakdown by the
A substance such as clay, silica gel, carbon black or any of action of oxygen.P
several specially treated or synthetic materials that can be either
thermally or mechanically dispersed in liquid lubricants to form Penetration
lubricating grease. Also called synthetic thickener. Certain types A measure of the consistency (hardness) of a grease. All
are called inorganic thickeners. penetration measurements are on an inverse scale to consistency,
i.e., the softer the consistency, the higher the penetration number.

O Pitting
Oil-immersed brakes In gears, a type of wear in which cracks develop in gear teeth
An automotive braking system installed in the vehicle gearbox or because of metal fatigue caused by overloading.
rear axle rather than at the wheels.
Polyalphaolefin (PAO)
Oil mist lubrication A synthetic hydrocarbon with a defined molecular structure.
A system of lubrication used in some gearboxes in which the Their low- and high-temperature and viscosity–temperature
lubricant is atomised and sprayed into the gearbox in a stream of characteristics are better than for mineral oils.
dry compressed air.

53
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary
Polymer hydroforming, hydrogenation, hydrogen treating, solvent
A chemical compound of large molecular size that is built up from extraction, dewaxing, deoiling, acid treating, clay filtration and
numerous smaller molecules linked together. deasphalting.

Pour point Residual fuel oil

The lowest temperature at which an oil will just flow. Very heavy fuel oils produced from the residue of the fractional
distillation process rather than from the distilled fractions. This is
Pour point depressant a term for fuel oil mainly comprising the residues remaining after
An additive included in some lubricant formulations to minimise refining crude oil. Shell marine residual fuels oils are called Shell
the tendency of an oil to congeal when it is cooled. MFO.

Pumpability Ring sticking

The characteristic of an oil or grease that ensures satisfactory flow The situation when the piston grooves become sufficiently full of
to and from the engine oil pump and subsequent lubrication of deposits to prevent the piston rings from moving freely.
moving components.
Rust inhibitor
An additive in some lubricant formulations to restrict rust formation
R on lubricated surfaces.
Refining
A series of processes for converting crude oil to finished
petroleum products, including thermal cracking, catalytic
cracking, polymerisation, alkylation, reforming hydrocracking,

54
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary

S Silicone
A complex synthetic polymer composed of repeated silicon
SAE system containing units and often used where a chemically inert lubricant
A system devised by the Society of Automotive Engineers for is required.
classifying engine and automotive gear lubricants according
primarily to their viscosity. Sludge
A black sooty deposit that usually forms in engines as a result of
Saponification oil oxidation and ineffective dispersancy.
The chemical conversion of a fatty acid and base or alkali into a
soap. A common process in grease manufacture. Soap
A compound formed by the reaction between a metal hydroxide
Scuffing (such as lime) and a fatty acid (an organic acid derived from
In gears, a type of wear which develops when direct metal-to- natural fats), e.g., lithium, calcium soaps in grease.
metal contact takes place between gear teeth.
Sodium base grease (soda grease)
Shear stability A grease prepared from a lubricating fluid thickened with sodium
The ability of a liquid to resist being degraded by mechanical soap, stable at high temperatures but washing out in moist
shearing forces. Also refers to the ability of a grease to resist conditions.
changes in consistency.

55
SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary
Solid lubricant Splash lubrication
Any class of lubricants in which the reduction of friction and A system of lubrication in which a machine part travels through an
wear during sliding is caused by making the shearing take place oil bath and, in so doing, splashes lubricant onto nearby surfaces
within the crystal structure of a material with low shear strength requiring lubrication.
in one particular plane. Examples include graphite, molybdenum
disulphide and certain soaps. Lubricating grease is not a solid Spray lubrication
lubricant, but may contain solid lubricants as additives. A system of lubrication in which the lubricant is sprayed directly
onto the surfaces to be lubricated.
Solvent extraction
Refining process used to separate reactive components Stabiliser
(unsaturated hydrocarbons) from lubricant distillates to improve An additive that may be included in some grease formulations to
the oxidation stability, viscosity index and response to additives. ensure that the base oil and the thickener form a stable mixture
with uniform composition.
Spark ignition
The system of ignition used in a petrol engine whereby a fuel–air Static friction
mixture is ignited by an electric spark. The force that tends to prevent one body sliding over another.

Spectrographic oil analysis Synthetic

A sophisticated analytical technique for determining the types and Produced artificially rather than occurring naturally.
quantities of elements in an oil sample.

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SHELL MARINE · POCKETBOOK 2022

Glossary

T Total acid number (TAN)

TAN is a measure of the acidity of a lubricant, usually expressed
Tackiness additive in terms of the amount of alkali needed to neutralise it. A
An additive that may be included in the formulation of lubricants measurement of TAN can give an indication of the deterioration of
for slideways and open gears to help the lubricant adhere more an oil in service due to oxidation.
effectively.
Total base number (TBN)
Thermal conductivity TBN is a measure of the basicity of a lubricant. A measurement of
The ability of a material to conduct heat. TBN can often give important information about the depletion of
basic additives.
Thermal stability
The ability of a substance to resist degradation owing to the Toxicity
effects of heat. The capacity of a substance to harm living organisms.

Thick film lubrication

The same as hydrodynamic lubrication. V
Varnish
Thickening agent A hard, shiny, transparent surface coating sometimes found in
A substance used in making greases that is mixed with base oil to engines and derived from the breakdown products of fuel and
produce a stable semi-solid product. lubricant.

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Glossary
Viscosity Water separability
Resistance to flow relating to the thickness of the fluid. The ability of a lubricating oil to shed any water with which it has
become intimately mixed.
Viscosity index (VI)

X
An arbitrary number that indicates how the viscosity of a fluid
varies with changes in temperature. A fluid with a viscosity that is
relatively sensitive to changes in temperature has a low viscosity XHVI
index. A registered trademark used to describe Shell manufactured
synthetic base oils with an exceptionally high viscosity index.
Viscosity index improver (VII)
An additive that may be added to some lubricating oils to make Y
their viscosity less sensitive to changes in temperature.
Yield point
Volatility The point at which a grease just begins to flow when pressure is
The tendency of an oil to evaporate on heating. applied to it.

W Z
Water resistance ZDDP
The ability of a lubricant to withstand the addition of water to the Commonly used name for zinc dithiophosphate, an anti-wear/
lubricant system without adverse effects. oxidation inhibitor additive.

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Test method bodies

ACEA Association des Constructeurs Européens d’Automobiles DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung eV (German Institute for
Standardisation)
ANSI American National Standards Institute
EFTC Engine Fuels Technical Committee (of CEC)
APE Association of Petroleum Engineers (USA)
ELTC Engine Lubricants Technical Committee (of CEC)
API American Petroleum Institute
FZG Forschungsstelle für Zahnräder und Getriebebau
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
IP Institute of Petroleum (UK)
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials (now ASTM
International) ISO International Organization for Standardisation
ATC Technical Committee of Petroleum Additive MIL US military specifications
Manufacturers in Europe
NLGI National Lubricating Grease Institute (USA)
ATIEL Association Technique de l’Industrie Européenne des
CIMAC Conseil International des Machines à Combustion
Lubrifiants
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
BTC British Technical Council of the Motor and Petroleum
Industries (member CEC) STLE Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers

CCMC Comité des Constructeurs d’Automobiles du Marche

Commun (replaced by ACEA)
CEC Coordinating European Council for the Development of
Performance Tests for Fuels, Lubricants and Other Fluids

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Fuel oil definitions

Fuel type Sulphur level, %
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) Below 0.1

Ultra-low-sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO) Maximum 0.1

Very-low-sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO) Maximum 0.5

Low-sulphur fuel oil (LSFO) Maximum 1.0

High-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO)/high-sulphur heavy fuel oil (HSHFO) Above 1.0

Marine gas oil (MGO) As specified

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Notes

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Notes

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Notes

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Visit the Shell Port Services Guide for more

information on products offered, and operational
and ordering requirements at each port.

Visit the Shell Product Catalogue to access

Technical Data Sheets and Material Safety Data
Sheets for our products.

Shell Marine
Contact your Shell Marine account manager to find out more.
www.shell.com/marine