e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
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MOBILE APPLICATION FOR SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Shilpa S*1, Rajegowda C S*2, Rashmi P*3, Sachin A Gowli*4, Prof. P S Kiran Kumar*5
*1,2,3,4Department of Electrical and Electronics engineering,
Vidya Vikas institution of Engineering and technology Mysuru
*5AssistantProfessor Department of Electrical and Electronics engineering,
Vidya Vikas institution of Engineering and technology Mysuru
ABSTRACT
Agriculture plays a major role for the well-being of a nation. Regions that are rich with water and soil content will
be able to produce food items ranging from rice, wheat, cereals, pulses, vegetables and fruits. Some of the crops
need more amount of water while some agroforestry kind of agriculture do not need water after some time. As
the population is increasing by day the water requirement is also increasing. The environmental factors are also
playing a major factor in depreciation of fresh water reserve and ground water. Our globe consists of 96% saline
water which are in the oceans and only 3% is the fresh water reserve which caters to the whole of the population
of the globe. At this point when the population is increasing and fresh water reserve are decreasing there is a dire
need of conserving water in agricultural practices using modern technique and advanced technologies. Hence
this problem statement is being addressed in this project and a novel approach to the problem with the
technology and easy adoption will be explored keeping in mind the adaptability and economics in mind.
Keywords: Agriculture, Farmer, Sector, Irrigation, Manual, Automatic, Control, Atmega328P, Soil Moisture
Sensor, Rain Sensor, Relay, Water Pump, Cloud
I. INTRODUCTION
The worldwide population is anticipated to contact 9.6 billion by 2050 – this represents a major issue for the
farming business. Regardless of fighting difficulties like extraordinary climate conditions, rising environmental
change, and cultivating's ecological effect, the interest for more food must be met. To meet these expanding needs,
farming needs to go to new innovation. New savvy cultivating applications dependent on IoT advances will
empower the horticulture business to decrease waste and upgrade profitability from enhancing manure use to
expanding the productivity of ranch vehicles' courses
So, what is smart farming? Smart farming is a capital-intensive and hi-tech system of growing food cleanly and
sustainable for the masses. It is the application of modern ICT (Information and Communication Technologies)
into agriculture.
In IoT-based shrewd cultivating, a framework is worked for checking the yield field with the assistance of sensors
(light, stickiness, temperature, soil dampness, and so on.) and robotizing the water system framework. The
ranchers can screen the field conditions from anyplace. IoT-based brilliant cultivating is profoundly productive
when contrasted and the traditional methodology
The uses of IoT-based savvy cultivating objective ordinary, huge cultivating tasks, yet could likewise be new
switches to elevate other developing or regular patterns in rural like natural cultivating, family cultivating
(perplexing or little spaces, specific cows and additionally societies, protection of specific or great assortments,
and so forth.), and upgrade profoundly straightforward cultivating
As far as natural issues, IoT-based keen cultivating can give incredible advantages including increasingly effective
water utilization, or advancement of information sources and medicines.
II. WORKING
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The venture is wanted to meet the target of the task in this piece of the report. An outline is laid with regards to
how the model will be executed and how the venture will function.The basic design consists of three parts –
• Automatic control of the irrigation pumps through sensor input
• Control of irrigation pumps through user input over cloud.
• Making the system connect via Wi-Fi to avoid wiring.
• Powering the whole setup using standalone system using solar energy.
The block diagram shown below describes the working of the project.
• The microcontroller which has a built-in Wi-Fi module and is the heart of the project which takes in input
from the soil sensor and gives output to the relay to switch on the irrigation pump. This also controls the time
for which the irrigation needs to be done. This also sends data to the cloud which can be used for improving
the crop production.
• The sensor is connected to the GPIO pin which continuously gives input to the controller about the moisture
content.
• Once this value nears or becomes less than the threshold value given the code instructs the GPIO pin which is
connected to the relay board to activate.
• The program will loop for given period of time and then sends a signal to deactivate the relay thereby
switching of the supply.
• The nodeMCU which is connected to the internet will update the moisture value and also receive command
through cloud from the user sitting in any part of the world.
• The cloud services will ease the work of farmers and can be upgraded to control other components as well.
• The whole of project will work on a isolate power supply as these small modules will be place at different
places on the agricultural ground.
• The design is made in such a way that it can be used for drip irrigation and indoor precision agriculture.
III. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
The hardware requirements mainly involve the embedded platform on which the whole of the project is carried
out. Also, it involves peripheral components for input and output. NN is a number 01, 02, ..... 12, some of the time
followed by a letter. These modules regularly convey the ESP8266 SoC, streak memory, a precious stone, and by
and large, an installed recieving wire. In the connection you can locate the full rundown of ESP8266 based gadgets
found in the market: ESP8266 Module Family. The 2 progressively significant modules are without question, the
ESP-01 and the ESP-12E.
• nodeMCU
The NodeMCU ESP-12E is the coordinated variant of the well known ESP8266, a Serial to Wi-Fi System On a Chip
(SoC) that showed up without precedent for 2013, been discharged on following year. The ESP8266 was created
by the Shangai-based organization Espress if Systems, an IC maker focused on the
development of RF chips, particularly WiFi.There are several modules in the market that use the ESP8266 chip,
they are named ESP-NN, where
Here, we will utilize the ESP-12E Development Board (NodeMCU DevKit 1.0). This advancement board for the
ESP8266 SoC inside the ESP-12E module is out-of-the-case prepared for you to associate it to your PC, introduce
USB drivers, and begin composing programs that interface with your Wi-Fi organize.
Technical Specifications
• Support STA/AP/STA+AP 3 working modes;
• Built-in ,TCP/IP convention stack, bolster various channel TCP Client association (max 5)
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• 0～D8, SD1～SD3: utilized for GPIO, PWM (D1-D8), IIC, ect; the determined capacity can be shown up at
15mA;
• AD0: single direction 10 bits ADC;
Power input: 4.5V~9V(10VMAX), support USB controlled and USB investigate;
Working
• current: ≈70mA (200mA MAX, continue), standby＜200uA;
• Transmission informat ion rate: 110-460800bps;
• Support UART/GPIO information correspondence interface;
• Support update firmware distantly (OTA);
• Support Smart Link;
• Working temperature: - 40℃～＋125℃；
• Driven mode: twofold enormous force H connect driven
• Weight: 7g.
Pin Functions
Pin numbers in the Arduino IDE relate legitimately to the ESP8266 GPIO pin numbers. PinMode, digitalRead, and
advanced Write capacities function not surprisingly, so to peruse GPIO2, call digitalRead (2) or its assumed name
digitalRead (D10).
At startup, pins are designed as INPUT. Computerized pins 0—15 can be INPUT, OUTPUT, or INPUT_PULLUP.
Pin 16 can be INPUT, OUTPUT or INPUT_PULLDOWN_16 and is associated with the work in LED. It very well may
be tended to with digitalRead (D0), digitalRead
(16) or digitalRead (LED_BUILDIN).
Pins may also serve other functions, like Serial, I2C, SPI. These functions are normally activated by
Reserved Pins
the comparing library. The outline above shows the pin planning for the mainstream ESP8266 NodeMcu module.
Pin hinders are upheld through append Interrupt, capacities. Hinders might be joined to any GPIO pin, aside from
GPIO16. Standard Arduino interfere with types are upheld: CHANGE, RISING, FALLINGGPIO pins 6—11 are not
shown on this diagram because they are used to connect flash memory chip on most modules. Trying to use these
pins as IOs will likely cause the program to crash.
Note that some boards and modules (ESP-12ED, NodeMCU 1.0) also break out pins 9 and 11. These may be used
as IO if flash chip works in DIO mode (as opposed to QIO, which is the default one).
Vin,3V3,GND
Vin is the NodeMcu's voltage input that is associated with its inside voltage controller permitting an information
voltage scope of 4.75V to10V. It will be controlled to 3.3V. Then again an outer voltage wellspring of 3.3V can be
legitimately associated with the NodeMcu's 3V3 pins. The 3V3 pin can be additionally a voltage source to different
segments, for example, LEDs. GND is the shared belief of the board
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• Soil Moisture sensor
The •soil dampness sensor comprises of two tests which are utilized to quantify the volumetric substance of
water. The two tests permit the current to go through the dirt and afterward it gets the obstruction incentive to
quantify the dampness esteem
When there is more water, the dirt will lead greater power which implies that there will be less obstruction. In
this manner, the dampness level will be higher. Dry soil conducts power ineffectively, so when there will be less
water, at that point the dirt will lead less power which implies that there will be more obstruction. Along these
lines, the dampness level will be lower. This sensor can be associated in two modes; Analog mode and advanced
mode. Initially, we will interface it in Analog mode and afterward we will utilize it in Digital mode.
The specifications of the soil moisture sensor FC-28 are as follows
The soil Moisture sensor FC-28 has four pins
• VCC: For power
• A0: Analog output
• D0: Digital output
• GND: Ground
The Module additionally contains a potentiometer which will set the edge worth and afterward this limit worth
will be analyzed by the LM393 comparator. The yield LED will illuminate and down as indicated by this edge
esteem.
To. interface the sensor in the straightforward mode, we ought to use the basic yield of the sensor. When taking
the simple yield from the dirt dampness sensor FC-28, the sensor gives us the incentive from 0-1023. The
dampness is estimated in rate, so we will plan these qualities from 0 - 100 and afterward we will show these
qualities on the sequential screen
• Relay module
1 Channel 5V Relay Board Module for Arduino PIC AVR DSP ARM. A wide scope of microcontrollers, for example,
Arduino, AVR, PIC, ARM, etc can control it.
Every one needs 15mA - 20mA driver momentum and Equipped with high ebb and flow hand-off: DC 5V/10A, AC
250V/10A
Standard interface that can be good with microcontroller.
• Water Pump
A simple water pump to demonstrate the working of flow of water and an its response to the relay board. This
will also help the amount of water getting discharged per minute. The water pump runs on a AC power source
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IV. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
• Arduino IDE
Bb Arduino IDE is an an official Arduino software, making code compilation too easy that even a common person
The main code, also known as a sketch, created on the IDE platform will ultimately generate a Hex File which is
then transferred and uploaded in the controller on the board.
The IDE environment mainly contains two basic parts: Editor and Compiler where former is used for writing the
required code and later is used for compiling and uploading the code into the given Arduino Module.
This environment supports both C and C++ languages
open source programming that is primarily utilized for composing and ordering the code into the Arduino
Module.
It is BLYNK APP
orders that assume an imperative job for investigating, altering and incorporating the code in the earth.
A scope of Arduino modules accessible including Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega, Arduino Leonardo, Arduino Micro
and some more.
with no earlier specialized information can consider going all in with the learning procedure.
It is easily available for operating systems like MAC, Windows, Linux and runs on the Java Platform that comes
with inbuilt functions and
Each of them contains a microcontroller on the board that is really modified and acknowledges the data as code.
Blynk is an IoT (Internet of Things) stage utilizing which you can without much of a stretch and distantly control
equipment. Furthermore, you can likewise see sensor information, store the information, picture the information
and so on everyw Talking about equipment, the Blynk stage bolsters a wide scope of sheets and MCUs like:here
throughout the web.
• Arduino UNO, Nano, Mini, Mega, etc’
• The Arduino-like sheets like ESP8266 and its variations, Blue Pill (STM32F103C), and so on.
• Texas Instruments' Tiva Boards, MSP432 Launchpad arrangement, and so forth.
• Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone Black, ordinary PC (Windows, Linux or Mac), and so forth.
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How Blynk Works?
To Blynk App
• Blynk Server
Blynk Libraries understand how the Blynk stage functions, you have to know the parts of stage. There are three
significant segments in the Blynk Platform. They are:
The Blynk App, which is available for both Android and iOS, allows the user to create intuitive interfaces for their
projects. The Blynk Server is responsible for the communication between your hardware like Arduino and your
application on the smartphone.. At long last, the Blynk Libraries permits the equipment to speak with the server
and procedure all the approaching and active orders
V. IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation is done using the hardware listed above and writing a program to carry out specific task
through the GPIO pins of the embedded system components. This also contains the IoT execution through a pre-
fabricated application explicitly intended for IoT reconciliation. The code is composed utilizing the Arduino IDE
which can be tweaked to consume the code for an ESP8266 nodeMCU module.
The product parts is structured concerning triggers from the information and enacting pin for the yields and
speaking with cloud servers through web. A fascinating part with regards to the product is making a deferral for
the water system siphon to be ON for a specific measure of time.
VI. HARDWARE
The hardware part consists of three main parts
• The input which a soil sensor.
• The output which is relay board riving an AC powered irrigation pump.
• The microcontroller that interfaces between the input and the output.
The input soil sensor consists of three outputs. Two are the power pins which is positive and negative and the
tried one is the signal pin which gives a difference in current and voltage as per the changes in the content
moisture of the soil. This is fed into the power pins of the nodeMCU
• Power Pin RED – 3.3V of nodeMCU
• Power Pin BLACK – GND of nodeMCU
• Signal Pin BLUE – Anolog Pin A0
The output is a relay module that drives an AC motor. The relay too has power pins to keep the coils of the rely
charged and a signal pin to trigger the coil of the relay to Make or Break the circuit as per the signal from the
microcontroller. The relay is fed into the microcontroller in the following pins –
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• Power Pin GREEN –
GND of nodeMCU
• Signal Pin BLUE – digital Pin D3
The relay board is connected to the AC input through AC motor and acts as switch between AC power source and
the motor.
The power source for the whole setup is through a DC battery which is able to run the microcontroller and the
relay.
NOTE -
The setup connected to the local Wifi network having a internet connection. This is for a demonstration purpose
as when implemented the board will have a inbuilt SIM 800A module that can get the module access to the
internet.
Setup of the hardware
In it custom firmware, it is much easier to use the gooWe will program and utilize the NodeMCU nearly as a
normal Arduino, utilizing its IDE. Remember that any new "custom firmware" will supplant anything recently put
away in the chip's glimmer memory, including the first firmware stacked at production line where the AT orders
were ordinarily utilized. In spite of the fact that we can utilize the producer's SDK to build up ourd and old
Arduino IDE.
Let's start:
1. In e Arduino IDE open the PREFERENCES window and enter the URL (set apart in red in the above
photograph) into the Additional Boards Manager URLs field, and select OK
http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266c...
2. Select the MENU alternative Tools → Board → Boards Manager...and look down and to find the choice
esp8266 by ESP8266 Community which ought to be the keep going thing on the rundown, and snap INSTALL
Introducing The USB Drivers: The USB to Serial UART module remembered for the board is the Silicon Labs'
CP2012, for which we as a rule need to introduce the promptly accessible Virtual COM Port (VCP) drivers.
On account of my MAC, the gadget document made to speak with the CP2102 has the
name/dev/cu.SLAB_USBtoUART
3. (Tools → Port → /dev/cu.SLAB_USBtoUART).
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In the wake of restarting the Arduino IDE we would now be able to choose the board we're utilizing from the
menu alternative Tools → Board → NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E Module). At that point, we indicate the right CPU
Frequency (Tools → CPU Frequency: "" → 80MHz) and Upload Speed (Tools → Upload Speed: "" → 115200). At
long last, the last advance is to choose the right alternative for the Port
VII. SOFTWARE
The software part involves two main parts –
1. First part of the code receives input processes it and gives an output
2. Second part involves connecting the cloud with sending and retrieving data and information
from the IoT platform.
The following instructions are carried out –
1. The code will be looping and constantly checking the analog pin A0 and comparing that input value with
the threshold value already fed into the program.
2. Meanwhile every data retrieved from the sensor is being sent to the cloud IoT platform.
3. Once this real time value from the moisture sensor through pin A0 goes below the threshold value, an
interrupt function to create delay is called.
4. This function will switch the irrigation pump ON through relay which gets activated due to the activation
of the output pin by code running in the interrupt function.
5. A library function of the Arduino millis() is used to create a timer which is already set in the program-
➢ For example if the soil moisture level depreciates below 50 and there is a need for the irrigation then the
millis() function is loaded to a variable A which is the current time count.
➢ This current time is loaded to another temp variable B which becomes a previous time count.
➢ An at every loop the difference between the current time count and the previous time count is done in
order to calculate the interval which is hardcoded in a variable C. This value is the time interval for which
the pump should be ON and irrigating the land.
➢ So once the difference become equal to the interval time, the code instructs the GPIO pin to turn off the
relay.
VIII. FLOW CHART
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The relay pin is also activated by the user through the IoT app. And this part of the program is explained in the
second part.
The second part of the code contains how the nodeMCU connects to the Wifi network and also crea It is actually
quite simple to constructed IoT ventures utilizing BLYNK. The principal you need is to have the BLINK App
introduced on you telephone its Library on the Arduino IDE. On the off chance that you don't have them yet, if
you don't mind a connection with Blynk App.
follow the bellow steps:
• Download BLYNK app for Apple Iphone or Google Android
• Install BLYNK Library for ArduinoOnce the Arduino IDE is reloaded, you should be OK to start using
BLINK on your IoT project.
Now, let’s open our app at the SmartPhone: . that you will download the compress document (There are 5 records
there that you should physically introduce in your Note Arduino Library).
for Open Blynk app.Tap on "Make New Project" screen
• Give a name for your venture (For instance "ArduFarmBot 2")
• Select the appropriated Hardware Model: "NodeMCU"
• Take note from Authorization Token (you can email it to you to ease duplicate past on your code)
• Press "alright". A Blank screen with dabs will show up.
• Tap the Screen to open the "Gadget Box"
Returning to the general determination at presentation, we can sum up that our application we be required:
In
• Read all Sensors and check the actuators status
• Take far off activities, "turning on/off" Pump and Lamp
• Sending messages when the System is "disconnected" or potentially an actuator is ON
• Record the general sensors information
order to organize things, let’s split the above “tasks” in 2 tabs:
• SENSORS
• ACTUATORS / CONTROL
“Tabs” will be the first Widget to be installed. Enter on it and define the above “Tab names”
Next, go to each Tab and install the Widgets as described below:
SENSORS
• Moisture status: “Soil sensor Input V10
ACTUATOR/CONTROL
• Water: “PUMP” Red; V0
IX. CONCLUSION
The project was aimed at building a scalable and affordable solution for irrigating the agricultural land as per the
soil moisture content. The main objective was fulfilled and a prototype of the working model was displayed along
with the explanations of different components and software used for the implementation. The system was
controlled by the IoT app named Blynk and a mechanism to store the data was also created so that it can be used
for future analytics an improvement of the project. The future scope of the project would be to expand it area
from not just irrigation but a whole lot of other parameters such as pH of the soil, crop growth rate, type of crop
etc. and feed those data to cloud to get useful insights so that the overall yield can be increased. Thus technological
inclusion will help conserve resources which are scarce and improve the production.
X. REFERENCES
[1] Sinung Suakanto, Ventje J. L. Engel, Maclaurin Hutagalung, Dina Angela, “Sensor networks data acquisition
and task management for decision support of smart agriculture,” in 2016 International Conference on
Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI) Bandung – Bali, pp. 24–27, Oct. 2016.
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[2] Chetan Dwarkani M, Ganesh Ram R, Jagannathan S, R. Priyatharshini “Smart agriculture system using sensors
for agricultural task automation,” in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Technological Innovations in ICT
for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR 2015).
[3] Nikesh Gondchwar, R. S. Kawitkar, “IOT based smart agriculture,” International journal Of Advanced research
in computer and Communication Engineering (IJARCCE), vol. 5, no. 6, Jun. 2016.
[4] Narayut Putjaika, Sasimanee Phase, An pong Chen-Im, Phond Phunchongharn and Khajonpong Akkarajit
Sakul,“A control system in intelligent agriculture by using arduino technology,” in Fifth ICT International
Student Project Conference(ICT-ISPC), 2016.
[5] Tejas Bangera, Akshar Chauhan, Harsh Dedhia, Ritesh Godambe, Manoj Mishra, “IOT based smart village,”
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), vol. 32, no. 6, Feb. 2016, ISSN:
22315381.
[6] Jeetendra Shenoy, Yogesh Pingle “IOT in agriculture,” 978-9-38054421-2/16/, IEEE. 2016.
[7] Rajalakshmi P and S. Devi Mahalakshmi, IOT Based Crop-Field Monitoring and Irrigation Automation.
[8] Abdullah Na, William Isaac, “Developing a human-centric agricultural model in the IOT environment,” in
2016 International Conference on Internet of Things and Applications (IOTA) Maharashtra Institute of
Technology, Pune, India 22 Jan - 24 Jan, 2016, 978-1-5090-0044-9/16, 2016 IEEE
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