School CAVITE STATE Grade Level 10

LESSON UNIVERSITY-CCAT
EXEMPLAR Campus- LSHS
Teacher Ms. Angela Mendoza Learning Area Science
Teaching Date Nov 8, 2023 Quarter 1st
Teaching Time 7:00am to 9:00am No. of Days 1

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the unit, students will be able to:
A. Content Standards
The relationship among the locations of volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters, and mountain ranges
At the end of the unit, students will be able to:
B. Performance Standards
1. demonstrate ways to ensure disaster preparedness during
earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.
2. suggest ways by which he/she can contribute to government
efforts in reducing damage due to earthquakes, tsunamis, and
volcanic eruptions.
C. Learning Competencies or  Analyze and understand the cause of the different
Objectives natural phenomena, such as volcanic eruptions and
earthquake
 Relate the tectonic plates and volcanic eruptions.
 Illustrate an emergency evacuation for the family.
D. Most Essential Learning N/A
Competencies (MELC)
(If available, write the indicated
MELC)
E. Enabling Competencies N/A
(If available, write the attached
enabling competencies)
Lesson 2: The Dynamic Earth
II. CONTENT

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References
Science Links Grade 10 Teacher’s Material Quarter 1 Revised
a. Teacher’s Guide Pages
Edition Page 25-27

Science Links Grade 10 Learners Material Quarter 1 Revised

b. Learner’s Material Pages
Edition Page 49-59

c. Textbook Pages
d. Additional Materials
from Learning Laptop, TV, PowerPoint
Resources
B. List of Learning Resources for
Development and Engagement
Activities
IV. PROCEDURES
 Routinary Matters
A. Introduction
 The teacher will give the lesson title and the MELC /
objective.
The teacher will read the introduction of the lesson.

This lesson examines the origins of various natural

occurrences, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. It
suggests preventive steps in the event of an earthquake,
volcanic activity, or other harmful natural phenomenon.
Students may study the earth's structure, the motions of its
tectonic plates, and the forces that generate mountains,
valleys, volcanoes, and earthquakes in Dynamic Earth.
 Learning Task 1: The teacher provided crumpled papers
with a question, or the students had to show or act on what
was written on each paper. However, if the students cannot
respond or illustrate the stated event on the paper, they
must have their dare/punishment.

1. What causes earthquakes?

2. Act what will you do during an earthquake.
3. Free pass
4. How do earthquakes cause damage?
5. Create one sentence of a song that will include the word
“volcano”
6. Free pass
7. Can earthquakes be predicted?
8. What are we doing during the earthquake drill, answer
the question then demonstrate.
9. Free pass
10. Can people cause earthquakes?

Dares/Punishments
 10 Jumping Jacks
 Sing any song at least the chorus
 Dance any TikTok song
 5 Jumping Jacks
 Stand up for 10 seconds
 Plus 2 stamps
 Free pass
 Plus 2 points on the last activity
 3 Jumping Jacks
 Plus 1 stamp

Learning Task 2: Double Puzzle: The Dynamic Earth

B. Development
Directions: Solve the puzzles related to the lesson 2.

Discussion of the Lesson

The Dynamic Earth

  The plate tectonics motion changes the ocean currents
and affects the heat flow in the plane. Moreover, when
these plates interact with each other, certain geologic
activities occur like earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions.
 These geologic activities pose adverse effects to our
environment such as global warming, air pollution,
and water contamination among others. Hence, it is
indeed necessary to further explore the Earth’s interior
and the dynamic processes as this knowledge about the
planet will allow man to better understand his natural
environment and landforms.
 Volcano – a mountain that opens downward to a
reservoir of molten rock called magma below the
surface of the Earth. Volcanic landforms are controlled
by the geological processes that formed them and act
on them even after they have formed. There are more
than 1,500 volcanoes on Earth that have the potential
to become active as they have already erupted within
the past 10,000 years.
 Building up to a BIG BANG
 Molten rock or magma at a temperature of more
than 1650 degrees Fahrenheit (900 degrees
Celsius), rises through weak spots in the Earth’s
crust where tectonic plates meet.
 The magma pools in a chamber. Gas and water
dissolved in the molten rock are released, causing
pressure in the chamber to rise.
 The volcano erupts explosively when the magma
and hot gas can no longer be contained below the
Earth’s surface.

https://www.dnr.wa.gov/pictures/ger/
ger_hazards_volc_cinder_cone_770.png

 Mountains can be found in all continents and in every

country. However, their characteristics vary depending
on their location on the planet. Hence, it is possible that
you will be seeing a mountain in many places near you.
 Most volcanoes can be found only on designated narrow
bands which are suitable for the completion of the three
stages of a volcano’s life cycle.
 The three volcano’s life cycles are invasion of magma,
building pressure, and eruption.

 About 95% of the world’s volcanoes are located near

the boundaries of tectonic plates, while the remaining
5% are thought to be associated with mantle plumes
 and hot spots.
 Mantle plumes are areas of columns where heat or
rocks in the mantle are rising toward the Earth’s
surface.
 Hotspots are locations on the Earth’s surface
temperatures that have experienced active volcanic
activities for a long period of time. Rocks within
hotspots melt and become magma due to high
temperatures and lower pressure at the base of the
tectonic plate. This hot magma will then rise through
cracks and erupt to form volcanoes.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/
Hawaii_hotspot_cross-sectional_diagram.jpg

 Volcanism refers to processes and phenomena

associated with the surficial discharge of molten rocks
and other materials into the surface of the Earth and
other heavenly bodies such as the moon and other
planets.
 When magma is heated, it expands and becomes less
dense. When this happens, the molten material rises up
and moves away from the Earth’s core, causing volcanic
eruptions above the lithosphere.
 Active volcanism occurs in four principal settings:
 Along divergent boundaries, such as Oceanic Ridges
or spreading centers.
 In areas of continental extension that may become
divergent plate boundaries in the future.
 Along converging plate boundaries where subduction
occurs.

https://images.nationalgeographic.org/image/upload/
t_edhub_resource_key_image/v1638889808/EducationHub/
photos/pacific-ring-of-fire.jpg

 In areas called “hotspots” that are usually located in

the interior of plates, away from the plate margins
 including Hawaiian Emperor Seamount chain and
Louisville hotspot.
 Earthquakes – a natural phenomenon that is
characterized by a sudden, violent shifting of massive
plates underneath the Earth’s surface.
 Earthquakes are forms of wave energy that are
transmitted through bedrock. Earth along the geological
faults where the earthquake originates is called the
hypocenter (focus).
 epicenter.

https://images.app.goo.gl/dGCpnHL5x2oML3GZ9

 A fault is a crack across which the rocks have been

offset first.
 Faults are classified according to their angle of dip and
their (e.g., Cabrillo fault)
1. Normal fault in which the hanging wall moves
down relative to the footwall as a result of
extension, this is the most common fault.
(Cabrillo Fault)
2. Reverse fault also called thrust fault, which
hanging wall moves up related to the footwall as
a result of compression. (Sumatra earthquake
fault in 2004).
3. Strike-slip fault in which two blocks of crust
slide past each other on the same plane motion
experienced is right or left lateral instead of up
and down (San Andreas Fault).

https://images.app.goo.gl/jHWYFkaNhTeErk4L9

 Types of Earthquakes – when an earthquake occurs,

only a part of a fault is involved in the rupture and that
area is usually determined by plotting the disturbance
of aftershocks in the sequence. Generally, the area of
the fault that raptures increases with the earthquake
magnitude.
 Tectonic Earthquakes – like what happened in the
San Andreas Fault in 1906, occur when strains in
rock masses have accumulated to a point where the
resulting stress exceeds the strengths of the rocks
resulting in sudden fractures that eventually
propagate through rocks in rapid motion. The
roughness and harshness along the fault are called
asperities while the place where the rupture slows
down or stops is termed a fault barrier.
  Volcanic Earthquake – this phenomenon often
occurs in volcanic regions and can serve as an early
warning of volcanic eruptions.
 Collapse Earthquake – caused by seismic waves
produced from the explosion of rocks on the surface.
Collapse earthquakes are small earthquakes located
underground and in mines that are caused by the
disintegration of the roof of the mine or cavern or by
massive land sliding.
 Explosion Earthquake – it is an earthquake that
results from the detonation of chemicals or nuclear
devices. Explosions occur when enormous nuclear
energy is released during underground nuclear
explosions.
 Seismic Waves – Seismologists can detect the
existence of a fault by studying the distances between
rocks, either they move apart or come together. Seismic
waves are classified into two: surface waves and body
waves.
 Waves that travel below the surface of the earth are
called body waves.
 They are of two types: compressional or primary (P)
waves and shear or secondary (S) waves.
 Both waves are called body waves because they can
travel through the interior of the Earth from the focus to
distant points on the surface.
 S waves usually travel at approximately 2.5-4 km per
second and can only travel through solid materials,
unlike P waves which can move through all states of
matter.
 During earthquakes, we hear sounds coming from the
ground. These soundwaves are the P waves which are
commonly heard but seldom felt.

https://images.app.goo.gl/nNMdCNfMzfgki8TD6

 Love waves move transverse to the direction of the

propagation but with no vertical motion. They cause
rocks to move horizontally or side to side at right angles
to the directions of the traveling wave.
 Rayleigh waves, also called ground roll, cause rock
particles to move upward up, backward, and down in a
path that contains the direction of the wave travel.
 https://images.app.goo.gl/Bm5kGF9EaTsccPr87

https://images.app.goo.gl/q6p3XMr6PFPT3MpU8

Grade 10 Science, Q1, Student’s Resource Material, p.49-

Learning Task 3: Post Test
C. Engagement
Directions: on a piece of paper kindly relate the tectonic
plates and the volcanic eruptions. With a minimum of 3
sentences. (15pts)

Grade 10 Science, Q1, Teacher`s Resource Material, p.21

Learning Task 4: Group Activity

D. Assimilation
Instruction:
1. The students will form ten groups.
2. In a bond paper the group must create an
emergency evacuation for the family plan.
3. Each group will be given a maximum time to finish
the activity.

Rubrics for the activity

 Assessment:
Learning Task 5: Research
Directions: create a table and research at least 3 natural
disasters, including their causes, impacts, and responses. At
least 5 sentences per each natural disaster. Don’t forget to
insert the references you used.

Natural Causes Impacts responses

Disaster
Ex.
a. floods Heavy rainfall Loss Avoid
livehoods floodwaters
by moving
to higher
land.
1.
2.
3.

Rubrics for the activity

V. REFLECTION The learner will write a reflection in his journal or notebook

I understand that guided by the following prompts:
I realize that I understand that _____________________.
I realize that _________________________.
.

REMARKS:
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Prepared by: Noted:

ANGELA MONIQUE V. MENDOZA BRIDGET MIRABEL, PhD

Student Teacher Principal

Checked by:

DAN JEFFERSON HERNANDEZ

Cooperating Teacher