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Cloud Infrastructure

Cloud infrastructure refers to the hardware and software components that support cloud computing, including servers, storage, networks, and virtualization software located in large data centers. Data centers contain hundreds or thousands of interconnected servers and networking equipment like routers, switches, and firewalls. They are designed to meet requirements for large scale, high bandwidth, low latency, fault tolerance and supporting various applications. Data center networks can be built using switch-centric topologies that prioritize switches or server-centric topologies that treat servers as relays.

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20 views

Cloud Infrastructure

Cloud infrastructure refers to the hardware and software components that support cloud computing, including servers, storage, networks, and virtualization software located in large data centers. Data centers contain hundreds or thousands of interconnected servers and networking equipment like routers, switches, and firewalls. They are designed to meet requirements for large scale, high bandwidth, low latency, fault tolerance and supporting various applications. Data center networks can be built using switch-centric topologies that prioritize switches or server-centric topologies that treat servers as relays.

Uploaded by

woynitu87
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2/1/2023

Chapter 3
Cloud Infrastructure

What is Cloud Infrastructure?

Cloud Infrastructure
• Refers to the hardware and software components - such as
servers, storage, a network and virtualization software - that are
needed to support the computing requirements of a cloud
computing model

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2/1/2023

What is Cloud Infrastructure?


• Data centers are important infrastructures to support various
cloud computing services such as
– Web search
– Email
– Video streaming
– Social networking
– Distributed file systems
– Distributed data
processing

What is Cloud Infrastructure?


• A data center is often built with a large number of servers
through a huge interconnected network
• The key components of a data center design include routers,
switches, firewalls, storage systems, servers, etc
– The core of a cloud is the server cluster (or VM cluster)
– Cluster nodes are used as compute nodes

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What is Cloud Infrastructure?


• A data center can be a single server or complex with
hundreds of servers on racks
– Companies (like Amazon or Microsoft) that offer public cloud computing
services have data centers that they then make available to other
organizations

• Inside a data center, a large number of computing and storage


nodes are interconnected by a specially designed network,
called data center network (DCN)
– A critical core design of a data center is the interconnection network
among all servers in the data-center cluster

What is Cloud Infrastructure?


• Standard data center networking for the cloud

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DCN Design Challenges and Requirements


• Large Scale
– Modern DC to contain hundreds of thousands of servers
– Microsoft is hosting over 1 million servers in over 100 data centers

• Wide variety of Applications


– Web search, Web mail, and interactive Games
– Infrastructure services such as distributed file systems and
distributed execution engines
– The diversified services and applications in DCs define a variety of
different traffic characteristics

DCN Design Challenges and Requirements

• High Energy Consumption


– The annual data center energy consumption in the USA was estimated to be
more than 100 billion kWh in 2011
– 7.4 billion USD annual electricity cost

• Strict Service Requirement


– 24 hours availability, which demands high system robustness
– Network failures from hardware, software, and human errors can be
inevitable
• Constant monitoring and agile failure recovery are required

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DCN Design Challenges and Requirements


• This network design must meet five special requirements:
– low latency
– high bandwidth
– low cost
– message-passing interface (MPI) communication support
– fault tolerance

Reading Assignment
Data Center Networking Structure

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Data Center Networking Structure


Intra Data Center Networks
• Highly complex since they interconnect a massive amount
of devices with critical performance requirements
– Ethernet is commonly used in data center networks
• Three types of connections:
– Server-switch connection
– Switch-switch connection
– Server-server connection
• Two approaches to building DCNs
– Switch-centric topologies
– Server-centric topologies

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Data Center Networking Structure


Switch-centric topologies
• Switches take the primary responsibility in network construction and
data transmission
• The switches are usually connected by hierarchy topologies and the servers are
generally connected to the low-level switches at network edge

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Data Center Networking Structure


Switch-centric topologies
• Only server-switch and switch-switch connections, no server-server
• There are multiple equal cost paths between any two hosts
• Example: Fat-Tree , Flattened Butterfly

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Data Center Networking Structure


Server-centric topologies
• In switch-centric topologies, servers are merely endpoints in the network
• In server-centric topologies, servers act as not only end hosts, but also
relaying the traffic

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Data Center Networking Structure


Intra Data Center Networks
Switch-centric vs. Server-centric
Server-centric architectures
• Enjoy the high programmability of servers, but servers usually have
larger processing delays than do switches
Switch-centric architectures
• Enjoy the fast switching capability of switches, but switches are less
programmable than servers
• The advantage of Fat-Tree is that all switches are identical and cheap
commodity products can be used for all switches
• A drawback of Fat-Tree is its high cabling complexity

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Data Center Networking Structure


Inter Data Center Networks
• Geographically distributed data centers have been built
– Services from a local data center generally incur low latency
– Data backup and restore across geo-distributed data centers
can help avoid single point of failure
• Choice of the data center locations are influenced by multiple factors
– Geography: Regions with minimum possibility of natural disasters;
Climate which support free cooling
– Electricity: Cost, reliability, and cleanliness of the electricity are
important
– Connectivity: High quality of network connectivity

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