IN TEXT

To cite information directly or indirectly, there are two ways to acknowledge citations:
1) Make it a part of a sentence or 2) put it in parentheses at the end of the sentence.
Direct quotation – use quotation marks around the quote and include page numbers
1) Cohen and Lotan (2014) argue that "many different kinds of abilities are essential for
any profession" (p.151).
2) “Many different kinds of abilities are essential for any profession" (Cohen & Lotan, 2014,
p.151).
Indirect quotation/paraphrasing/summarizing – no quotation marks
1) Professional knowledge alone does not make someone a very capable professional
(Cohen & Lotan, 2014).
2) According to Cohen and Lotan (2014), professional knowledge alone does not make
someone a very capable professional.
Citations from a secondary source
1) Gould’s (1981) research “raises fundamental doubts as to whether we can continue to
think of intelligence as unidimensional” (as cited in Cohen & Lotan, 2014, pp. 151-152).
2) Intelligence cannot be believed to consist of one single entity any more (Gould, 1981, as
cited in Cohen & Lotan, 2014).

In a reference list In-text citation

1. Book with one author (King, 2000)
King, M. (2000). Wrestling with the angel: A life of Janet or
Frame. Auckland, New Zealand: Viking. King (2000) compares
N.B. The first letter of the first word of the main title, subtitle and all proper Frame
nouns have capital letters.
2. Book with two authors (Dancey & Reidy, 2004)
Dancey, C. P., & Reidy, J. (2004). Statistics without maths for or
psychology: Using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.).Harlow, England: Dancey and Reidy (2004)
Pearson/Prentice Hall. said...
N.B. Before “&” between authors, do not forget to put a comma.
When paraphrasing in text, use
and, not &.
3. Book with three to five authors (Krause, Bochner, & Duchesne,
Krause, K.-L., Bochner, S., & Duchesne, S. (2006). Educational 2006)
psychology for learning and teaching (2nd ed.). Melbourne, then
Australia: Thomson. (Krause et al., 2006)
N.B. Use & between authors’ names, except when paraphrasing in text. When
a work has three, four or five authors, cite all authors the first time, and in
subsequent citations include only the first author followed by et al.
4. Book or report by a corporate author e.g. organisation, (International Labour
association, government department Organization, 2007)
International Labour Organization. (2007). Equality at work: or
Tackling the challenges(International Labour Conference (International Labour
report). Geneva, Switzerland: Author. Organization[ILO], 2007),
N.B. When the author and the publisher are the same, use Author in the then
publisher field. In text, some group authors may be abbreviated in subsequent (ILO, 2007)
citations if they are readily recognizable.
5. Book chapter in edited book (Kestly, 2010)
Kestly, T. (2010). Group sandplay in elementary schools. In A. or
A. Drewes, & C. E. Shaefer (Eds.), School -based play therapy Kestly (2010)
(2nd ed., pp. 257-282). Hoboken, NJ: John Wileys & Sons. compares educational settings
N.B. Include the page numbers of the chapter after the book title. of ...
6. Conference paper online (Bochner, 1996)
Bochner, S. (1996, November). Mentoring in higher education: or
Issues to be addressed in developing a mentoring program. Bochner (1996) illustrates that
Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in ...
Education Conference, Singapore. Retrieved from
http://www.aare.edu.au/96pap/bochs96018.txt
7. Course handout/Lecture notes (electronic version) Archard, (Archard, Merry, & Nicholson,
S., Merry, R., & Nicholson, C. (2011). Karakia and waiata 2011)
[Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from TEPS757-11B (NET): then subsequently, if 3-5
Communities of Learners website: authors
http://elearn.waikato.ac.nz/mod/resource/view.php?id=17465
0 (Archard et al., 2011)
N.B. Put format in square brackets-e.g.[Lecture notes] [Panopto video]. This
referencing format should be used only for your assignments.
8. Film (Preston, 2010)
Preston, G. (Director/Producer). (2010). Home by Christmas
[Motion picture]. New Zealand: Gaylene Preston Production.
N.B. For films, DVDs or video recordings use [Motion picture] in square
brackets. Give the country of origin and the name of the motion picture studio.
9. Journal article (academic/scholarly) with DOI (Cavenagh & Ramadurai,
Cavenagh, N., & Ramadurai, R. (2017). On the distances 2017)
between Latin squares and the smallest defining set size. or
Journal of Combinatorial Designs, 25(4), 147–158. Cavenagh and Ramadurai
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcd.21529 (2017) recommend…
N.B. DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is a unique code assigned to a
scholarly/academic publication. The DOI’s code links to the article online.
10. Journal article with no DOI Germann, Ebbes, and Grewal
Germann, F., Ebbes, P., & Grewal, R. (2015). The chief (2015) claim that “there have
marketing officer matters! Journal of Marketing, 79(3), 1 22. been …” (p. 19).
N.B. Retain original punctuation of titles. A capital letter is used for key words then subsequently, if 3-5
in the journal title. The journal title and volume number are italicised, followed authors
by the issue number in brackets (not italicised). Germann et al. (2015) argue …
11. Magazine – popular/trade/general interest (Goodwin, 2002)
Goodwin, D. K. (2002, February 4). How I caused that story. Time, or
159(5), 69. Goodwin (2002) defends ...
N.B. Full date is used if published weekly; month and year if monthly.
12. Newspaper article (Coster, 2017)
Coster, D. (2017, June 12). Driver who caused man's death is or
placed into dementia care. Stuff. Retrieved from Coster (2017) reports ...
http://www.stuff.co.nz/
N.B Use the URL of the newspaper’s homepage, as a direct link to an online
article in a newspaper website is not a persistent link.
13. Personal Communication (W. Bush, personal
N.B. Information such as Letters, telephone conversations, emails, interviews, communication, March 19,
and private social networking is called “Personal Communication”, and no 2017)
reference list entry is required.
14. Reference book – dictionary or encyclopedia entry (Cerveny & Haines-Young,
Cerveny, R. S., & Haines-Young, R. (2016). Climate change. In D. S. 2016)
G. Thomas, & A. Goudie (Eds.), The dictionary of physical or
geography (4th ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell. Cerveny and Haines-Young
N.B. If no author stated, the entry’s title takes the author position. For online (2016) state ...
dictionaries and encyclopedias, a retrieval statement takes the place of
publisher location / name.
15. Webpage (New Zealand Trade and
New Zealand Trade and Enterprise. (n.d.). Agribusiness. Enterprise, n.d., para. 1 )
Retrieved from https://www.nzte.govt.nz
N.B. (n.d.) = no date. The basic format is: (1) Author (could be organisation). For direct quote, cite the
(2) Date (either date of publication or latest update). (3) Title. (4) URL. paragraph number in text

GENERAL NOTES

 Begin your reference list on a new page and title it References, then centre the title on the page.
 Double-space your reference list and have a hanging indent
 Left align the first line of each reference with subsequent lines indented to the right to a width
by 5 -7 spaces or 1.25 cm.
 All of the references in the reference list must also be cited in the text.
 All references cited in text must also be included in the reference list (unpublished items, such
as personal correspondence, are an exception).
 List the references in alphabetical order by author surname/family name according to the first
listed author. (Note: the order of the authors on a document is important do not rearrange
them).
 Provide organisation names in full, unless they are obviously recognisable as abbreviations (e.g.
APA for American Psychological Association).
 In an article, chapter or book title capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if
any, and any proper nouns. (Note: book titles should be italicised)
 In a periodical, journal, or serial title, give the title in full, in upper and lower case letters. The
title should be italicised (e.g. Harvard Business Review)