DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

REGION VII
DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
DAHILE PROVINCIAL COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

COMPLIANCE OF GRADE 12 SMAW STUDENTS IN OBSERVING

SAFETY IN THE WORK AREA

S.Y 2022- 2023

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Submitted to:

FIL DORY LOU CABUGNASON

SHS Teacher II

Submitted by:

G12 – SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING

APRIL 2023
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background and the rationale, the

problem statement, the study’s significance, preferred scope and
delimitation, and the definition of selected terms and context.

I BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Welding is a hazardous profession with a multiplicity of factors

that can endanger the health of a welder, such as heat, burns, radiation

(ultraviolet, visible and infrared), noise, fumes, gases, electrocution;

uncomfortable postures involved in the work; high variability in the

chemical composition of welding fumes, which differs according to the

workplace, method employed and surrounding environment and the

routes through which these harmful agents enter the body. 4 Some of the

effects of welding on health include photosensitive or arc eye, metal fume

fever, decrease in lung function, pneumococcus, asthma, photo-

dermatitis and fertility abnormalities.

Hazards arising from workplaces could impair the health and well-

being of the workers; therefore, it is necessary to anticipate, recognize,

evaluate and control such hazards. The use of personal protective

equipment (PPE) at all times is a good and safe practice by welders to

protect from exposure to hazards and injuries during welding or cutting.

 Occupational safety and health (OSH) is not an old science; however,

the working conditions for workers in general and welders in particular

are unsatisfactory in Nepal. The fact that there is low awareness of safety

measures and low frequency of their regular utilization is a matter of

concern. This may be due to various reasons like low level of education,

lack of institutional training, age group structure and work experience

along with non-adaptation of regulatory measures by concerned

authorities for safety precautions.14 Welders in our study area do not

have organized occupational health services, and to make matters worse,

there is a lack of awareness regarding the importance of occupational

safety at the workplace. The literature search showed that studies in

Nepal have not tried to find out about the awareness of protective

measures and the factors which facilitate their use. Thus, the current

study was designed to assess awareness of occupational hazards and

protective measures among welders working in three districts of eastern

Nepal. We also tried to find the factors associated with awareness of

occupational hazards and protective measures and the use of protective

measures, and the possible relationship between awareness and actual

use of PPE. This study was envisioned to highlight the need for research

in the area of occupational health which is a neglected issue in our

country.
Awareness of occupational hazards and use of safety measures among

welders: a cross-sectional study from eastern Nepal

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4054643/

Arc welding have been used since 1940s, and it is the most

common welding method that been used in industry. The way the arc

welding function is by creating an electric arc between an electrode and

the base material using a welding power supply. Arc welding capable of

using either AC (alternative current) or DC (direct current) current

supply depend on types of material to weld. The preferred welding

processes for aluminum alloys are frequently gas metal arc welding

(GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) due to their comparatively

easier applicability and better economy (Malarvizhi, 2010).

Another important component in arc welding is its filler material

which is electrode. Welding electrode can be divided into two kinds of

electrode that is non-consumable and consumable electrode. Electrodes

also produces vapors that serve as a shielding gas which highly effect the

material in term of weld properties such as strength, toughness, and

corrosion resistance. In this research, effect of different filler material

(electrode) on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys welded joint was

investigated. The author used TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding as the

procedure in welding process. TIG welding is a sub type of GTAW

method. In the TIG welding process, the metal transfer from the electrode

tip to the weld pool across the arc is either globular, spray type or short-

circuiting type depending upon many factors, such as the magnitude of

welding current, shielding gas, current density, electrode extension and

electrode chemistry (Kumar, et al., 2010). One of the most important

components in any welding type is filler material. Filler material or

electrodes are materials which is compulsory in welding process. 2

Generally, filler material that needed to use are depend on the base

metal where welding will be performed. The electrode rods have to be

compatible with the metal that intended to be weld. It is functioned to

bond two surface of metal. The problem for welded joint for most type of

material is corrosion behavior that formed which affected the quality of

the amendment. That is why corrosion is the main element in this study.

This process happened when the material disintegrate into constituent

atom due to chemical reaction with surrounding mostly oxidation of

metal to oxygen. Corrosion rate for material depend on the chemical

properties of its own. In this case inter metallic particles in the

aluminum alloys played a major role in passivity breakdown and pit

morphology, and the intensity of corrosion attack are influenced by

chemical composition of the exposed alloys and much more factors

(Hosni, et al., 2007).

 Aluminum is a common material used in industry due to its

properties such as low density which allowed the alloy to be reshaped

easily. Aluminum also has higher corrosion resistance compared to most

material. This makes aluminum have a huge possible application such

as appliances, packaging, medicinal industry, or even construction of

homes and furniture (Perryman, 2007).

Due to the high in strength to weight ratio, aluminum are widely

used in transportation such as cars and even airplane. Without

aluminum which is light but strong, there are possibly no commercial air

travel can be made at all. Good electrical conductivity properties also

become a main reason why it is used in electrical field for example as

power line.

http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/4608/13/Investigation%20of

%20filler%20material%20to%20the%20corrosion%20behaviour

%20of%20aluminium%20alloys%20weldment%20-%20Chapter

%201.pdf

II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aims to know the compliance of grade 12 students in
observing safety in the work area.
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Age;
b. Gender;
 c. Socio- economic Status; and NC II Qualification
2. what is the level of familiarity of students in using different safety
equipment
3. What is the level of compliance of students in using safety
equipment?
4. What are problems in solutions in the compliance of using safety
equipment?

III. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research considers this study significant because the data

can provide information about the compliance of grade 12 TVL SMAW

students in observing safety in the work area.

DAHILE PROVINCIAL COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL – The findings of

the study will serve as a basis to strengthen the program of the agency

regarding to COMPLIANCE OF GRADE 12 TVL SMAW STUDENTS

OBSERVING SAFETY INWORK AREA this will help students to be sure

of what they want to become in the future.

TEACHERS- a person who teaches or instructs, especially as a

profession; instructor.

STUDENTS- a person enrolled in a school or other educational

institution.
PARENTS- a caregiver of the offspring in their own species. In humans, a

parent is the caretaker of a child.

ADMINISTRATION AND FACULTY- persons holding academic rank who

are appointed by the President to perform the administrative and support

functions. Administrative Faculty perform work directly related to the

management of the educational and general activities of the institution,

or a department or subdivision thereof.

IV. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focused on compliance of grade 12 SMAW students in

observing safety in the work area. The researchers conducted a pre

survey to identify the participants of the study. Although the profile of

the participants in the work area will be determined by the

researcher .Since the focus in only the compliance of SMAW students

about the safety in the work area the personal identification will not be

mentioned on any part of the research.

A total of 17 SMAW students 0r 100% of total population in grade12

served as the respondent of study. Survey quantitative type of research

was employed and survey questionnaire was the main instrument used

in gathering the data. The study was conducted from March to March

2022,S.Y.2022-2023.
V. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Following were terminologies used in the study together with their

respective definition as used in the study to provide clarity and better

understanding.

The following terms were operationally defined by the researchers:

SMAW – this refers to a shielded metal arc welding. A major subject of

grade 12 SMAW students.

EMPLOYMENT- This refers to applying and getting hired and becoming

an employee to a certain company or business establishment

UNDECIDED- This refers to SMAW students batch 2018-2019 who are

unsure on where go to after graduating from high school.

SAFETY- the condition of being safe from undergoing or causing hurt,

injury, or loss

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 This chapter explains related articles and published and

unpublished studies from different media that served as basis in

developing concrete understanding of the nature of the research

conducted

PROFILE OF RESPONDENT

1. Profile of Respondents

In social sciences research personnel characteristics of respondents have

Very significant role to play in expressing and giving the responses about

the Problem keeping this in mind, in this study a set of personal

characteristics namely, age, sex, education, occupation, income etc of

the 264 respondents have been examined and presented in this chapter

http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/

10603/3774/14/14_chapter%204.pdf

2. Level of familiarity in using safety equipment

Workplaces are responsible for providing their employees with the proper

types of personal protective equipment based on the specific hazards that

exist in the facility. There are many types of PPE available to keep people

safe. The following are some categories of personal protective equipment

and the options within them.

https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/articles/personal-

protectiveequipment/

3. Level of compliance in using safety equipment

Most business owners recognize that a good safety record is an excellent

asset for a company to have not only is there a moral obligation insures

that operational activities are conducted in a safe manner it is also a

legal requirement. In addition, safety at work can affect the ability to

attract new clients and retain existing ones . a good safety record can be

one of the deciding factors which prompt customers to opt for your

goods. Or services rather than those of your competitors.

https://www.safetyproresources.com/how-to-ensure-safety-

compliance#how_to_ensure_safety_compliance

4. Problem and solution

I. THEME 1 (based on SOP 1)

The study aims to know the compliance of grade 12 students in

observing safety in the work area.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age;

b. Gender;

c. Socio-Economies Status; and NCII Qualification

 2. What is the level of familiarity of students in using different safety

equipment?

3. What is the level of compliance of students in using safety

equipment?

4. What are problems in solutions in the compliance of using safety

equipment?

II. THEME 2 (based on SOP 2)

At the last paragraph of all themes, include your synthesis,

describing the use/effect of the articles and studies presented in your

own study.

III. THEME 3 (based on SOP 3)

Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles.

Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles.

Studies. Studies. Studies. Studies. Studies. Studies. Studies.

Studies. Studies.

IV.THEME 4 (based on SOP 4)

Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles.

Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles. Articles.

Studies. Studies. Studies. Studies. Studies. Studies. Studies.

Studies. Studies.

CHAPTER 3
 METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research method used, the sources of

data, instruments and data collection and the tools for the analysis of

data gathered.

I. RESEARCH DESIGN

The study will utilize descriptive-quantitative research design.

This paragraph should discuss the nature of descriptive research based

on authors. Next paragraphs (2-3 paragraphs) should present literatures

discussing the nature of quantitative research. The last paragraph

should state in 1-2 sentences the sources of data, instruments and data

analysis tools.

II. SOURCES OF DATA

The first paragraph should describe the number of the respondents

and how did your undertake the process of random sampling. Secondary

sources, on the other hand, include

III. INSTRUMENTS AND DATA COLLECTION

The following tools were used by the researchers to gather relevant

data for the study.

Survey Questionnaire. First paragraph is the definition of the

instrument.

The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers used the

instrument in gathering data.

 Instrument 2. First paragraph is the definition of the instrument.

The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers used the

instrument in gathering data.

Library and Internet Research. First paragraph is the definition

of the instrument.

The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers used the

instrument in gathering data.

IV. TOOLS FOR DATA ANALYSIS

The researchers have used different tools in analyzing gathered

data. These include:

Tool 1. First paragraph is the definition of the tool.

The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers used the

tool in data analysis.

Tool 2. First paragraph is the definition of the tool.

The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers used the

tool in data analysis.

Tool 3. First paragraph is the definition of the tool.

The second paragraph will describe how did the researchers used the

tool in data analysis.