INTRODUCTION
In the most general sense of the word, CEMENT is a
binder, a substance that sets and hardens
independently,and can bind other materials together.
The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used
the term opus caementicium to describe masonry
resembling modern concrete that was made from
crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic
ash and a pulverized brick additive that were added to
the burnt lime to obtain a hydraulic binder were later
referred to as cementum, cimentum, cament and
cement.
The most important use of cement is the production
of mortar and concrete.
The bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form
a strong building materials that is durable n the face
of normal environment effects.
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AIM
To study the setting of mixture of cement
with sand time and fly ash with
respect to time and strength
APPARATUS REQUIRMENT
BEAKERS
WEIGHT BOX
LIMESTONE
MATCH BOX
CEMENT
FLY ASH
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THEORY
EFFECT OF QUALITY OF SAND ONSETTING
OF CEMENT MORTAR
Sand obtained from different sources has different
qualities. For examples, sea sand obtained from
sea contains unwanted salts and retards setting
of cement and is not suitable for making mortar.
On the other hand, Pit sand is obtained
from pits in the soil and the River sandobtained
from riverbed is considered excellent forpreparing
mortar and concrete.
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CONSTRUCTION OF
BUILDING USING CEMENT
Cement used in construction is characterized as
hydraulic or non-hydraulic Hydraulic cement (e.g.
Portland cement) harden because of hydration
chemical reactions that occur independently of the
mixture's water content; they can harden even
underwater or when constantly exposed to wet
weather. The chemical reaction that resultswhen
the anhydrous cement powder is mixed with
water produces hydrates that are notwater
soluble. Non-hydraulic cements (e.g. Lime and
Gypsum plaster) must be kept dry in order to
retain their strength.
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PORTLAND CEMENT
Cement is made by heating lime stone (calcium carbonate),
with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to
14500C in a kiln, in a process known as calcination, whereby
a molecule of carbon dioxide is liberated from the calcium
carbonate to form calcium oxide, or quicklime, which is then
blended with the other materials that have been in the mix.
The resulting hard substance, called 'clinker', is then ground
with a small amount of gypsum in a powder to make ‘Ordinary
Portland Cement’, the most commonly used type of cement
(offered referred to as OPC). Portland cement is a basic
ingredient of concrete, mortar and no specialty grout. The
most common use for Portland cement is in the production
of concrete. Concrete is a composite material consisting of
aggregate (gravel and sand), cement and water.
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EFFECT OF TIME ON SETTING
OF CEMENT MORTAR
Time has an important role on strength of developed
cement mortar. When a cement mixture in the ratio
of 1:3 with water is allowed to dry, the strength of
solid mass keeps on increasing with the time given for
setting. It acquires a nearly full strength in 28 days.
BEAKERS BEAKERS
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PROCEDURE
1. Prepare mixtures of various compositions as given in
Observation table.
2. Take each of the given mixtures in different beakers
and prepare their pastes by adding minimum
amount of water.
3. Take nine cases of empty match boxes and mark
from 1 to 9.
4. Fill the three cases with the paste of each
composition.
5. Spray water from time to time over the paste, so
that they remain moist all the time.
6. After three days, take out one slab of each
composition and test their strengths.
7. Similarly, take out a set of three slabs after 7 days
after 30 days respectively and test their strengths
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CONCLUSION
THE STRENGTH OF THE SLAB INCREASES
WITH INCREASE IN THE SETTING TIME
ALLOWED.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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