IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 71, NO.

5, MAY 2023 3983

Dual-Band Base Station Antenna Array With

Cross-Band Scattering and In-Band
Coupling Suppression
Hang Yuan , Fu-Chang Chen , Member, IEEE, Wen-Feng Zeng , and Qing-Xin Chu , Fellow, IEEE

Abstract— Dual-band base station antenna array mainly suf- scheme [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], by load-
fers from the drawbacks of cross-band scattering and in-band ing an LB antenna in the center, arranged with multiple HB
coupling, which will disturb the radiation performances of the antennas around it. Compared with the embedded scheme
antennas, especially for the high-band (HB) antennas. In this
article, a dual-band base station antenna array with cross-band and stacked scheme, the interleaved scheme can achieve a
scattering and in-band coupling suppression is proposed. It con- compact space with decreased profile and flexible placement.
tains a low scattering low-band (LB) crisscross-shaped dipole However, due to the close distance of each antenna unit, strong
antenna codesigned with four square rings and four patches mutual coupling exists between HB antennas and LB antennas,
and a 2 × 2 HB antenna array. The crisscross-shaped dipole leading to the S-parameter deterioration and radiation pattern
antenna is fed by four L-shaped strips, and a photonic bandgap
(PBG) cell is loaded in the middle of each arm of the LB distortion [7].
antenna to achieve HB-induced current scattering suppression For the S-parameter deterioration, especially the port-to-
without affecting the LB antenna, so the distortion of radiation port isolation, it is known that the cross-band port isolation
patterns from the cross-band scattering can be avoided. As the between LB and HB antennas can be easily improved by
LB antenna employs a crisscross structure, the four rings and using filter or diplexer. However, as the blockage effect of
patches can be integrated together with the LB antenna on the
same substrate, which not only helps to broaden the bandwidth the LB antenna, the radiation patterns of HB antenna are
but also acts as the array-antenna decoupling surface (ADS). still disturbed. To suppress the cross-band scattering in HB,
With the codesign of LB antenna and ADS, no extra substrates the LB antennas are usually redesigned with electromagnetic
are required for in-band decoupling. A dual-band base station transparent or bandpass characteristics for HB waves. In [8],
antenna array prototype is fabricated and measured, showing the radiating arms of LB antenna are embedded with multiple
good performances in LB and HB.
chokes, acting as a bandstop filter for HB-induced current.
Index Terms— Base station antenna, cross-band scatter- The chokes can successfully suppress the HB-induced current
ing suppression, dual-band antenna array, in-band coupling scattering, but the number and size of the chokes will affect
improvement.
the impedance matching of the LB antenna. In [9], [10],
I. I NTRODUCTION and [11], the LB antenna is designed from a 2 × 2 frequency
selective surface (FSS), which contains a bandpass response

N OWADAYS, multiband base station antennas are usually

integrated together with a shared aperture, which helps
to save space and reduce the cost and volume. There are
for HB incident waves and radiates energy by four FSS units
in LB. The FSS is usually performing well in 0◦ incident
angle but may become unstable in other incident angles.
mainly three types of multiband shared-aperture schemes. The In [12], [13], [14], and [15], the LB antenna is redesigned
first one is the embedded scheme [1], [2], [3], by embedding by etching slots, loading stubs, resonators, or spiral chokes.
a high-band (HB) antenna in a bowl-shaped low-band (LB) These can help to cut off the HB-induced current, achiev-
antenna. The second one is the stacked scheme [4], [5], [6], ing electromagnetic transparent performance for HB incident
by vertically stacking one or multiple HB antennas on a waves.
large size LB antenna or by vertically placing an LB antenna Although the cross-band scattering in multiband base station
above an HB antenna. The third one is the interleaved antenna array can be suppressed using the methods above,
Manuscript received 2 January 2023; revised 7 February 2023; accepted the in-band coupling still exists between the HB antennas.
25 February 2023. Date of publication 15 March 2023; date of current Especially, when the distance between each HB antenna ele-
version 5 May 2023. This work was supported in part by the National ment becomes closer, the in-band coupling will be severe,
Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62022035, in part by the
Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province under Grant destroying the port-to-port isolation and radiation patterns.
2022A0505050010, and in part by the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory In recent years, how to reduce in-band coupling in dual-band
of Short-Range Wireless Detection and Communication. (Corresponding base station antenna array has been widely studied. There are
author: Fu-Chang Chen.)
The authors are with the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, already some methods to reduce in-band coupling in dual-
South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China (e-mail: polarized antenna array [16], [17], [18], which provides schol-
[email protected]). ars with some ideas to reduce in-band coupling in dual-band
Color versions of one or more figures in this article are available at
https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2023.3255644. base station antenna array. The metal baffles [9] are employed
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2023.3255644 as coupling path blocker. In [19], the dielectric blocks are
0018-926X © 2023 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See https://www.ieee.org/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

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3984 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 71, NO. 5, MAY 2023

placed above the HB antenna array and located under the

bottom of the LB substrate. In [20], two extra cross-strip
layers are utilized above the HB antenna array and below
the LB antenna, acting as an array-antenna decoupling surface
(ADS). Loading dielectric blocks and ADS can help reduce
the in-band coupling, but they require extra substrate layers
and increase the complexity of the system. In addition, in [19] Fig. 1. Two-dipole array. HB antenna and traditional (a) crossed-dipole LB
and [20], power dividers are used to excite the HB antenna antenna and (b) crisscross-shaped LB antenna.
subarrays, which can also improve the isolation. In [21],
a self-decoupled dual-band base station antenna with in-band
coupling and cross-band scattering suppression is proposed.
The LB antenna in [21] is designed from a partially reflecting
surface (PRS), which can partially reflect the HB incident
wave. With the partially reflected waves, extra coupling path is
created and helps to cancel out the direct coupling. However,
as the PRS is an eight-element structure with units located
along the diagonals of the substrate, it may be suitable for the
small frequency ratio (FR) interleaved scheme (an LB antenna Fig. 2. Radiation patterns of HB antenna in two-dipole array. (a) 3.3, (b) 3.5,
and a 2 × 2 HB antenna array) but not effective for the large and (c) 3.8 GHz.
FR scheme (an LB antenna and a 4 × 4 HB antenna array).
In this article, a dual-band base station antenna array with
cross-band scattering and in-band coupling suppression is
proposed, and it contains a low scattering LB crisscross-shaped
dipole antenna codesigned with four square rings and four
patches, working from 1.7 to 2.2 GHz and a 2 × 2 HB antenna
array operating from 3.3 to 3.8 GHz. The blockage effect
comparison between crisscross-shaped dipole antenna (with
dipole located along X /Y -axis) and crossed-dipole antenna
(with dipole located along ±45◦ ) is first given, showing that Fig. 3. HB-induced current distribution on LB antenna.
the crisscross-shaped dipole antenna has a smaller blockage
effect but still has HB-induced current. To further suppress
the induced current, a photonic bandgap (PBG) cell is loaded dual-band array, the blockage effect will become severe.
in the middle of each radiating arm of the LB antenna. As shown in Fig. 1(a), a crossed-dipole LB antenna is placed
In addition, the four coupling elements of the crisscross-shaped above an HB antenna, with the radiation patterns at 3.3, 3.5,
dipole antenna are also optimized to achieve low blockage and 3.8 GHz, as shown in Fig. 2. The LB antenna is designed
effect. Four HB antennas working from 3.3 to 3.8 GHz are on a Taconic RF-35 substrate with a thickness of 0.8 mm, and
placed under the LB antenna, with a distance of 60 mm the HB antenna element is designed on a 0.8-mm-height FR4
between two elements. To suppress the in-band coupling, four substrate. Compared with the radiation patterns of single HB
square rings and four patches are introduced vertically above antenna, severe distortion occurs in radiation patterns, which is
the HB antennas, acting as an ADS. As the crisscross-shaped mainly due to the blockage effect of the LB antenna. To reduce
LB dipole is along X /Y -axis, four square rings and patches the blockage effect, a crisscross-shaped dipole LB antenna
can be integrated with the LB antenna on the same substrate proposed before in [22] is shown in Fig. 1(b), by placing two
and coupled with the four coupling elements to broaden the pairs of dipole arms at X /Y -axis and four coupling elements
bandwidth of the LB antenna. Additional decoupling layer along ±45◦ direction. As shown in Fig. 2, the radiation
is not required for such a codesign of crisscross-shaped LB patterns are improved, but still have a narrow beam in the
antenna and ADS, simplifying the antenna structure. A dual- broadside direction.
band antenna array prototype is fabricated and measured,
showing good performances in impedance matching and radi-
ation patterns. B. Low-Scattering Crisscross-Shaped LB Antenna
To better realize the HB radiation pattern restoration, the
II. A NTENNA D ESIGN AND A NALYSIS normal crisscross-shaped LB antenna needs to be redesigned
with low scattering. From the current distribution in Fig. 3,
A. Blockage Effect of LB Antenna it can be clearly observed that the induced current is mainly
In traditional base station antenna design, the crossed- concentrated on four dipole arms and four coupling elements.
dipole antenna is usually utilized, with two pairs of crossed Therefore, the most important step is to suppress the induced
loops, strips, or patches placed along ±45◦ direction in the current in the arms and coupling elements. Many methods
XOY plane to achieve dual-polarization. As the large-size have been proposed before, by introducing some structures like
LB antenna is usually placed above the HB antenna array in chokes [8], stubs [14], or etching some slots [12], which can

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YUAN et al.: DUAL-BAND BASE STATION ANTENNA ARRAY WITH CROSS-BAND SCATTERING 3985

Fig. 4. PBG-loaded LB antenna. (a) PBG cell. (b) Equivalent circuit of PBG Fig. 5. Simulated and calculated results of PBG (L 0 = 2.8 nH, L 1 = 5.5 nH,
(units: mm). C0 = 1 pF, and C1 = 0.01 pF).

 
achieve an electromagnetic-transparent performance in HB. W
ko = 4.26 − 1.453 log
However, multiple structures need to be loaded on the dipole h
arm to achieve the scattering suppression, especially when the  0.12
W
FR of HB and LB is large. m e = 0.8675; ke = 2.043 (4)
h
To simplify the scattering suppression structure and reduce
the loading numbers, a low-scattering crisscross-shaped LB where W is the width of the triangular patch, S is the distance
antenna is proposed, as shown in Fig. 4, a microstrip PBG of the gap, and h is the thickness of the substrate. By changing
cell [23] is loaded in the middle of each dipole arm and a pair the length of the strips and the width of the triangular patches
of stubs is loaded at the ends of each coupling element. and the gap, the resonant frequency of the LC circuit can
The PBG cell is usually exploited to reject the unwanted be shifted. The simulated results of the PBG cell and the
frequency in transmission line design. As shown in Fig. 4, the calculated results of the circuit are shown in Fig. 5, with a
microstrip PBG cell contains a crossed strip and four triangular good agreement and showing that the low-frequency signal
patches and is equivalent to an LC circuit. As the width from 1.7 to 2.2 GHz can be transmitted with a low loss
of the crossed strip is quite narrow (high impedance), it is of –0.2 dB, and the high-frequency signals out of band are
equivalent to two pairs of crossed inductors named L 0 and L 1 , highly rejected, with a transmission of 0 at 3.8 GHz. Therefore,
where L 0 represents the transverse strip and L 1 represents the when the PBG cell is loaded in the dipole arm, the HB-induced
longitudinal strip. The values of L 0 and L 1 can be calculated current will be filtered and not affect the transmission of the
by [24] LB signal, which means that a high gain of the LB antenna
l0 l1 can be maintained but not be degraded as in [8].
L0 = Zc f0, L1 = Zc f0 (1) In addition, to reduce the blockage effect of the four
λg λg
coupling elements in Fig. 1(a), a process of optimal design
where Z c is the characteristic impedance of the transmission of the coupling elements is illustrated in Fig. 6. When a
line, λg is the waveguide wavelength, l0 is the length of the traditional crisscross-shaped LB antenna is loaded upon an
transverse strip, and l1 is the length of the longitudinal strip. HB antenna, the radiating electric field in band of HB antenna
In addition, four triangular patches are connected to the trans- will be destroyed. After the PBG cell is loaded in the middle
verse strip of the crossed strip, with a gap to the longitudinal of the dipole arm, the radiating electric field at 3.3 and
strip. The triangular patch itself has a self-capacitance of C0 , 3.5 GHz can be restored to some extent, but the radiating
and the gap capacitance is named C1 . The capacitance value electric field at 3.8 GHz is still disturbed, which is due to
of the triangular patch can be calculated by [25] the distributed current on the coupling patches, as shown
1 in Fig. 7(a). To reduce the blockage effect of the coupling
C0 = (2) element, four L-shaped coupling strips are utilized. With the
4 f0 Z p
L-shaped coupling strips, the radiating electric field at 3.3 and
where Z p is the characteristic impedance of the triangular 3.5 GHz is almost the same as before, but the radiating
patch and f 0 is the center frequency. As for the gap capaci- electric field at 3.8 GHz is now improved but with a low
tance, it is calculated by [24] gain, which is because the distributed current along the strips
will cancel some radiation from the HB antenna as shown in
C1 = 0.5Co − 0.25Ce (3)
Fig. 7(b). Therefore, to reduce the radiation effect, a pair of
where stubs are introduced at the ends of each L-shaped coupling
 ε 0.8  S m o strip, which is the final coupling structure. As shown in
r
Co = W exp(ko ); Fig. 6, the radiating electric field at 3.3, 3.5, and 3.8 GHz
9.6 W is almost the same as that of the single HB antenna, and
 ε 0.9  S m e
Ce = 12W
r
exp(ke ) their radiation patterns are shown in Fig. 8. This is because
9.6 W with the loaded-stub, the current on the coupling strips will
   
W W distribute along the strip and the stub with opposite direction,
mo = 0.619 log − 0.3853 ;
h h as shown in Fig. 7(c), and therefore the scattering will be

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3986 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 71, NO. 5, MAY 2023

Fig. 9. Dual-band antenna array. (a) Without ADS codesign. (b) With ADS
codesign. (c) LB antenna codesigned with ADS. (d) HB antenna (units: mm).

Fig. 6. Radiating electric field distribution of different cases. (a) Case I:

single HB antenna. (b) Case II: HB antenna and traditional crisscross-shaped
LB antenna. (c) Case III: HB antenna and PBG-loaded patch-coupled LB
antenna. (d) Case IV: HB antenna and PBG-loaded strip-coupled LB antenna.
(e) Case V: HB antenna and proposed LB antenna.

Fig. 7. Current distribution in higher frequency. Cases (a) III, (b) IV, and
(c) V.

Fig. 10. Simulated results with/without ADS. (a) HB in-band coupling.

(b) LB bandwidth.

C. LB Antenna and ADS Codesign

With the low-scattering crisscross-shaped LB antenna, the
Fig. 8. Radiation patterns of Cases I and V. blockage effect can be highly reduced when HB antenna is
excited. However, the bandwidth of the crisscross-shaped LB
antenna proposed above is narrow, with a VSWR < 1.5 from
canceled out. With the PBG-loaded dipole arms and the stub- 1.72 to 2.05 GHz. In addition, when the distance between
loaded L-shaped coupling strips, the radiating performances of two HB antennas is getting closer, the in-band coupling
the HB antenna can be restored, meaning that the crisscross- will become severe, resulting in S-parameter deterioration
shaped LB antenna in our design has a low scattering. and radiation pattern distortion. For antenna array, the beam

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YUAN et al.: DUAL-BAND BASE STATION ANTENNA ARRAY WITH CROSS-BAND SCATTERING 3987

Fig. 11. Radiation patterns of HB1 at ±45◦ . (a) 3.3, (b) 3.5, and (c) 3.8 GHz
(left: 45◦ ; right: –45◦ ).

Fig. 13. S-parameters of LB and HB. (a) LB antenna. (b) HB subarray.

(c) HB isolation.

coupling. Compared with the dielectric blocks [19] and ADS

layers [20], no extra decoupling substrate layers are needed,
which lead to a compact structure. As shown in Fig. 9, a 2 ×
2 HB antenna array is placed under the new crisscross-shaped
LB antenna, with a space distance of 60 mm between two
HB antenna elements. The in-band decoupling effect is mainly
dependent on the length of the patches, when the length
of the patch is 18.5 mm, both the co-polarization (co-pol)
isolation (|S13 |/|S24 |) and cross-polarization (x-pol) isolation
(|S14 |/|S23 |) between two adjacent elements can be suppressed
under 22 dB, as shown in Fig. 10(a), which are better than
Fig. 12. Final antenna array. (a) Structure. (b) Prototype.
that in the array without ADS. In addition, as four rings are
located near four coupling strips, energy will be coupled to
scanning ability is related with the distance between the the rings and thus an extra resonance will occur and help to
antenna elements, with larger scanning angle when the dis- broaden the working bandwidth of the LB antenna, as shown
tance is getting closer. in Fig. 10(b), with a VSWR < 1.5 from 1.68 to 2.22 GHz.
To broaden the bandwidth of the crisscross-shaped LB
antenna and suppress the in-band coupling, four square rings III. D UAL -BAND BASE S TATION A NTENNA A RRAY
and four patches are introduced. As the LB antenna is
crisscross-shaped, with dipole arms placed along X /Y -axis, A. Cross-Band Scattering Suppression
these rings and patches can be printed on the same substrate The simulated radiation patterns of the proposed dual-band
of LB antenna, acting as the ADS to suppress the in-band antenna array when HB1 is excited are given in Fig. 11. The

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3988 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 71, NO. 5, MAY 2023

Fig. 14. Realized gain and HPBW of LB and HB. (a) LB and (b) HB1
antenna.

radiation patterns of the normal HB antenna array without LB

antenna (Array-I) and the dual-band antenna array with a tra-
ditional crossed-dipole LB antenna (Array-II) are also given.
It is clearly shown that the severe radiation pattern distortion
happened in Array-II at ±45◦ polarization in band, while the
radiation patterns of HB1 in the proposed dual-band array are
almost the same as Array-I, indicating that the blockage effect
and the HB-induced current are well suppressed.
Therefore, the cross-band scattering is well suppressed, and Fig. 15. Radiation patterns of LB. (a) 1.7, (b) 2, and (c) 2.2 GHz (left:
the radiation pattern restoration can be achieved. H-plane; right: E-plane).

B. Experimental Results
To further suppress the in-band coupling, power dividers Fig. 14 shows the realized gain and half-power beamwidth
are utilized and printed on the bottom of the ground to (HPBW) of LB antenna and HB1 subarray. In LB, the sim-
excite the HB subarrays. The fabricated dual-band base station ulated realized gain is 7.2–8.05 dBi, with an average gain of
antenna array is shown in Fig. 12. The simulated and measured 7.86 dBi and an average HPBW of 65.5◦ at 45◦ polarization
S-parameters of LB antenna and HB antenna array are shown port. The measured realized gain is about 6.6–8.2 dBi, with
in Fig. 13. It shows that the LB antenna is working from an average gain of 7.86 dBi, and the measured HPBW is
1.7 to 2.2 GHz at the level of |S11 | <–14 dB in simulation similar to the simulated result, with an average value of 66◦ .
and measurement. The isolation of LB antenna between two In HB, the simulated average gain is about 9.68 dBi and the
polarizations is better than 35 dB in simulation and 28 dB in average HPBW is about 65.2◦ in H-plane (Phi = 90◦ ) when
measurement. As for the HB antennas, the simulated results 45◦ polarization port of subarray HB1 is excited, which are
show that subarray HB1 works from 3.3 to 3.8 GHz at the similar to the radiating performances of HB1 in the single
level of |S11 | <–14 dB, with an isolation of 25 dB in band. HB array without LB antenna, with a deviation of 0.2 dBi
The measured impedance bandwidth of subarray HB1 is a bit in average gain and 4◦ in HPBW. For the measured results,
worse, with a level of |S11 | <–12 dB and an isolation of 25 dB. the average gain is about 9.16 dBi, with an average HPBW
The difference between the simulated and measured return of 66.6◦ . The differences are mainly from the machining and
loss in HB is mainly because of the discontinuity of SMA measuring errors.
connector and feeding line during the welding process. The The normalized radiation patterns of E-plane (Phi = 0◦ ) and
co-pol coupling between HB1 and HB2 is named |S13 |/|S24 |, H-plane (Phi = 90◦ ) at 45◦ polarization port in LB and HB are
where the co-pol coupling is lower than –25 dB in simulation given in Figs. 15 and 16, respectively, showing that the dual-
and lower than –24 dB in measurement. The x-pol coupling band base-station antenna array has a good broadside radiation.
between HB1 and HB2 is named |S14 |/|S23 |, where the simu- The radiation patterns of LB antenna contain a simulated and
lated and measured x-pol is lower than –25 dB in band. measured x-pol level in boresight direction (XPD) of about

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YUAN et al.: DUAL-BAND BASE STATION ANTENNA ARRAY WITH CROSS-BAND SCATTERING 3989

Fig. 17. Large FR antenna array. (a) Dual-band antenna array. (b) LB antenna.

Fig. 16. Radiation patterns of HB. (a) 3.3, (b) 3.5, and (c) 3.8 GHz (left:
H-plane; right: E-plane).

20 dB. The measured radiation patterns of HB1 at 3.3, 3.5,

and 3.8 GHz show an XPD of better than 25 dB.

C. Comparison
Table I shows the comparison with the reported dual-band
base station antenna array. Compared with the designs
in [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], and [15], the proposed dual-band
base station antenna array can achieve cross-band scattering
and in-band coupling suppression at the same time. In addition,
the in-band isolation is 24 dB in band, which is better than
that in [9], [20], and [21]. The antenna array is compact with
only three substrate layers, which is less than that in [19] and
[20]. The HB decoupling bandwidth is 3.3–3.8 GHz, which is
wider than the bandwidth in [21]. The LB antenna bandwidth Fig. 18. S-parameters of dual-band antenna array. (a) HB subarray. (b) LB
antenna.
is 1.7–2.2 GHz, which is wider than that in [20]. In a word, the
LB antenna is co-designed with ADS in the same substrate,
suppressing cross-band scattering and in-band coupling, and in dual-band array with large FR. As shown in Fig. 17, the
simplifying the design. PBG-loaded LB antenna is located at the center, with a PBG
cell loaded on the middle of each dipole arm and a metal
D. Expansion of PBG-Loaded Method in Large FR Array post at the end to shorten the arm’s length. For the 4 ×
As the low-pass and HB-rejection characteristics of the PBG 4 HB antenna array, it is divided into four subarrays and
cell, such a scattering suppression method can also be utilized each subarray is fed by the Wilkinson power dividers. The LB

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3990 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 71, NO. 5, MAY 2023

TABLE I
C OMPARISON W ITH OTHER D ESIGNS

station antenna array no matter whether they have a small or

large FR, and does not require loading multiple elements, but
only one cell in the middle, which is much simpler than the
choke-loaded method [8] and slot-etched method [12].

IV. C ONCLUSION
A dual-band base station antenna array with cross-band
scattering and in-band coupling suppression is investigated
in this article. By loading a PBG cell in the middle of
each arm, a low-scattering crisscross-shaped LB antenna is
achieved. In addition, ADS structure is codesigned with the LB
antenna without introducing any other substrates, which not
only helps to suppress the in-band coupling, but also broadens
the bandwidth of the LB antenna. Simulated and measured
results have shown that such a low-scattering crisscross-shaped
LB antenna can successfully suppress the HB-induced current
scattering in a wide bandwidth, from 3.3 to 3.8 GHz, and the
in-band coupling is improved lower than –22 dB, which can
Fig. 19. Radiation patterns of subarray 2. (a) 3.3, (b) 3.5, and (c) 3.8 GHz be a potential choice for dual-band base station antenna array.
(left: H-plane; right: E-plane).

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antenna array with decreased radiation pattern distortion,” IEEE Trans. He received the Ph.D. degree from the South China
Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 6048–6053, Jul. 2022. University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong,
[8] H.-H. Sun, C. Ding, H. Zhu, B. Jones, and Y. J. Guo, “Suppression China, in 2010.
of cross-band scattering in multiband antenna arrays,” IEEE Trans. He is currently a Professor with the School
Antennas Propag., vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 2379–2389, Apr. 2019. of Electronic and Information Engineering, South
[9] D. He, Q. Yu, Y. Chen, and S. Yang, “Dual-band shared-aperture China University of Technology. His research inter-
base station antenna array with electromagnetic transparent antenna ests include the synthesis theory and design of
elements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 5596–5606, microwave filters and associated RF modules for
Mar. 2021. microwave and millimeter-wave applications.
[10] S. J. Yang and X. Y. Zhang, “Frequency selective surface-based dual-
band dual-polarized high-gain antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,
vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 1663–1671, Mar. 2022.
[11] X. Liu et al., “A Mutual-coupling-suppressed dual-band dual-polarized
base station antenna using multiple folded-dipole antenna,” IEEE Trans. Wen-Feng Zeng was born in Guangdong, China.
Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 11582–11594, Dec. 2022. He received the B.E. degree from Xidian University,
[12] Y.-L. Chang and Q.-X. Chu, “Suppression of cross-band coupling Xi’ an, Shaanxi, China, in 2018. He is currently
interference in tri-band shared-aperture base station antenna,” IEEE pursuing the D.Eng. degree with the South China
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 4200–4214, Jun. 2022. University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
[13] Q.-X. Chu, Y.-S. Wu, and Y.-L. Chang, “A novel electromagnetic His research interests include the theory of char-
transparent antenna in dual-band shared-aperture array,” IEEE Trans. acteristic mode and antenna decoupling.
Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 9894–9899, Oct. 2022.
[14] X. W. Dai, C. Ding, F. Zhu, L. Liu, and G. Q. Luo, “Broadband
dual-polarized element with rotated sleeve arms for compact dual-
band antenna,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 20, no. 12,
pp. 2519–2523, Dec. 2021.
[15] H.-H. Sun, H. Zhu, C. Ding, B. Jones, and Y. J. Guo, “Scattering
suppression in a 4G and 5G base station antenna array using spiral
chokes,” IEEE IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 10,
pp. 1818–1822, Oct. 2020. Qing-Xin Chu (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.S.,
M.E., and Ph.D. degrees in electronic engineer-
[16] Y.-M. Zhang, Q.-C. Ye, G. F. Pedersen, and S. Zhanga, “A simple decou-
ing from Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,
pling network with filtering response for patch antenna arrays,” IEEE
in 1982, 1987, and 1994, respectively.
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 7427–7439, Nov. 2021.
In 1997, he was a Professor and the Vice Dean
[17] Y.-M. Zhang, S. Zhang, J.-L. Li, and G. F. Pedersen, “A wavetrap-based of the School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian
decoupling technique for 45◦ polarized MIMO antenna arrays,” IEEE University. From January 1982 to January 2004,
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 2148–2157, Mar. 2020. he was with the School of Electronic Engineering,
[18] K.-L. Wu, C. Wei, X. Mei, and Z.-Y. Zhang, “Array-antenna decoupling Xidian University. He has been a Distinguished
surface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 6728–6738, Professor with the Shaanxi Hundred-Talent Program,
Dec. 2017. Xidian University, since 2011. He is currently a
[19] Y. Da, X. Chen, and A. A. Kishk, “In-band mutual coupling suppression Chair Professor with the School of Electronic and Information Engineering,
in dual-band shared-aperture base station arrays using dielectric block South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, where he is also
loading,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 9270–9281, the Director of the Research Institute of Antennas and RF Techniques and
Oct. 2022. the Chair of the Engineering Center of Antennas and RF Techniques of
[20] S. J. Yang, R. Ma, and X. Y. Zhang, “Self-decoupled dual-band dual- Guangdong Province. He has published over 300 papers in journals and
polarized aperture-shared antenna array,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., conferences, which were indexed in Science Citation Index (SCI) more
vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 4890–4895, Jun. 2022. than 1500 times. One of his papers published in IEEE T RANSACTIONS ON
[21] Y. Li and Q.-X. Chu, “Self-decoupled dual-band shared-aperture base A NTENNAS AND P ROPAGATION in 2008 becomes the top essential science
station antenna array,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 7, indicators (ESIs) paper within ten years in the field of antenna (SCI indexed
pp. 6024–6029, Jul. 2022. self-excluded in the antenna field ranged top 1%). In 2014, he was elected
[22] Q.-X. Chu, Y.-L. Chang, and J.-P. Li, “Crisscross-shaped ±45◦ dual- as the highly cited scholar by Elsevier in the field of electrical and electronic
polarized antenna with enhanced bandwidth for base stations,” IEEE engineering. He has authorized more than 30 invention patents of China.
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 2341–2346, Apr. 2021. Dr. Chu is a fellow of the Chinese Institute of Electronics (CIE). He was
[23] Q. Xue, K. M. Shum, and C. H. Chan, “Novel 1-D microstrip PBG a recipient of the Science Award by Guangdong Province in 2013, the
cells,” IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett., vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 403–405, Science Awards by the Education Ministry of China in 2008 and 2002, the
Oct. 2000. Fellowship Award by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) in
[24] J.-S. Hong, Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, 2nd ed. 2004, the Singapore Tan Chin Tuan Exchange Fellowship Award in 2003, and
Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2011. the Educational Award by Shaanxi Province in 2003. He is the Foundation
[25] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, Chair of the IEEE Guangzhou AP/Microwave Theory and Techniques (MTT)
2011. Chapter.

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