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Lab Preparation of Hydrogen

1. Hydrogen can be prepared in the laboratory by reacting zinc granules with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, producing hydrogen gas and zinc chloride or zinc sulfate. 2. The hydrogen gas is collected by downward displacement of water, as it is insoluble in water and forms an explosive mixture with air. 3. Common impurities in collected hydrogen gas include H2S, SO2, oxides of nitrogen, PH3, and AsH3, which can be removed through various chemical reactions.

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KOVLEEN SAHNI
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141 views3 pages

Lab Preparation of Hydrogen

1. Hydrogen can be prepared in the laboratory by reacting zinc granules with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, producing hydrogen gas and zinc chloride or zinc sulfate. 2. The hydrogen gas is collected by downward displacement of water, as it is insoluble in water and forms an explosive mixture with air. 3. Common impurities in collected hydrogen gas include H2S, SO2, oxides of nitrogen, PH3, and AsH3, which can be removed through various chemical reactions.

Uploaded by

KOVLEEN SAHNI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Grade 9 Study of first element- Hydrogen Dr.

Kovleen Sahni

Laboratory Preparation of Hydrogen


1. Reactants : Granulated zinc, dilute hydrochloric acid / dilute sulphuric acid
2. Reaction
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
3. Diagram:

4. Observation : Reaction starts with evolution of a gas. When all air from apparatus has been expelled , the
gas is collected over water.
5. Collection : Downward displacement of water.
a) It is insoluble in water.
b) It forms an explosive mixture with air so it cannot be collected by downward displacement of air even
though it is lighter than it.
6. Zinc granules are preferred over pure zinc because impurity I zinc is copper whose catalysing effect
speeds up the reaction.
7. Impurities present with hydrogen:
a) H2S
b) SO2
c) oxides of nitrogen
d) PH3
e) AsH3
f) CO2
g) water vapor
8. The impurities are removed as follows:
AsH3 + 6AgNO3 Ag3As + 3AgNO3 + 3HNO3
Grade 9 Study of first element- Hydrogen Dr. Kovleen Sahni
PH3 + 6AgNO3 Ag3P + 3AgNO3 + 3HNO3
Pb( NO3)2 + H2S PbS + 2HNO3
SO2 + 2KOH K2SO3 + H2O
CO2 + 2KOH K2CO3 + H2O
2NO2 + 2KOH KNO2 + KNO3 + H2O
H2O is removed by anhydrous CaCl2 ( drying agent)
9. Conc. H2SO4 is not used as a drying agent as it reacts with hydrogen.
H2SO4 + H2 2H2O + SO2
10. Precautions :
a. The apparatus should be airtight and there should be no leakage of the gas.
b. There should be no flame burning near the apparatus.
c. The gas should be collected only after the air in the apparatus has escaped.
d. The end of the thistle funnel should be dipped in the acid to prevent the gas from escaping from thistle
funnel.
11. HNO3 IS NOT USED : It is a powerful oxidizing agent and oxidises the hydrogen produced to water.
3Zn + 8HNO3 3 Zn( NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO
12. Conc H2SO4 is not used as it is a strong oxidizing agent and will produce SO2
Zn + 2H2SO4 ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
13. Tests for hydrogen
a. Hydrogen is combustible but not a supporter of combustion.
b. It burns silently in oxygen or air with a pale blue flame forming water.
2H2 + O2 2H2O
c. On mixing with air/ oxygen it explodes with a pop sound.

Manufacture of Hydrogen : BOSCH PROCESS


1. Steam is passed over red hot coke ( 1000oC) in converters giving water gas.
C + H2O 1000OC ( CO + H2 ) - ∆ [ Endothermic reaction]
2. ( CO + H2 ) + H2O Fe2O3 CO2 + 2H2 +∆
Water gas steam 4500C
This reaction is exothermic
3. CO2 is removed from hydrogen by:
a. The mixture of CO2 and H2 is forced through cold water under 30atm. CO2 gets dissolved and H2 is left
behind.
Grade 9 Study of first element- Hydrogen Dr. Kovleen Sahni
b. Pass mixture through caustic potash
2KOH + CO2 K2CO3 + H2O
4. Separation of CO : Pass mixture through ammoniacal cuprous chloride
CuCl + CO + 2H2O CuCl.CO. 2H2O

Manufacture of hydrogen by electrolysis of water.

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