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18 views

Os Mid

Uploaded by

Harshavardhan Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Ele philey v8 bev) [ee pinkae gy pralase rhag Preble crit) des | What is Semaphore? A semaphore is a process synchronizing tool. It is basically an integer variable, denoted by “S’. The initialization of this variable “S” is done by assigning a number equal to the number of resources present in the system. There are two functions, wait) and signall). which are used to modify the value of semaphore “S. The wait() and signall) functions indivisibly change the valve of the semaphore “S. That means, when one process is changing the value of the semaphore “S, another process cannot change the valve of the semaphore at the same time. In operating systems, semaphores are grouped into two categories- counting semaphore and binary semaphore. In a counting semaphore, the value of the semaphore is initialized to the number of resources present in the system. @n the other hand, in a binary semaphore, the semaphore Shas the value 0° or ‘I’. What is Monitor? Monitor is also a process synchronization tool. It is an abstract data type that is used for highlevel synchronization of processes. It has been developed to overcome the timing errors that occur while using the semaphore for the process synchronization. Since the monitor is an abstract data type, it contains the shared data variables. These data variables are to be shared by all the processes. Hence, this allows the processes to execute in mutual exclusion. There can be only one process active at a time within a monitor. If any other process tries to access the shared variable in the monitor, it will be blocked and lined up in the queve to get the access to the data. This is done by a ‘conditional variable’ in the monitor. The conditional variable is used for providing additional synchronization mechanism. No. Semaphore It is an integer variable. The valve of this integer variable tells about the number of shared resources that are available in the system. When any process has access to the shared resources, it performs the wait’ operation (using wait method) on the semaphore. When a process releases the shared resources, it performs the ‘signal operation (using signal method) on the semaphore. It doesn't have condition variables. Monitor It is an abstract data type. It contains shared variables. It also contains a set of procedures that operate upon the shared variable. When a process wishes to access the shared variables in the monitor, it has to do so using procedures. It has condition variables.

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