24

22. (2010), Vyshcha yurydychna osvita v Ukrayini : vyklyky sohodennya : materialy naukovo-
praktychnoyi konferentsiyi [Higher Legal Education in Ukraine : Challenges of the Present :
materials of the scientific and practical conference], June 3-5, 2010, Alushta, Ukraine.
23. (2014), “On Higher Education” : Law of Ukraine (official text adopted by the Verkhovna
Rada of Ukraine on 01.07.2014), In Yure, Kyiv, Ukraine.
24. Harashchuk, O. (2015), “Foreign experience will help : [how to improve the quality of
Ukrainian higher education and accelerate the process of its entry into the European scientific
and educational space]”, Osvita Ukrayiny, no. 5 (February 2), p. 10.
25. Ridey, N., Shofolov, D. and Ilchyk, A. (2012), “International standards and guidelines for the
provision and quality management of education”, Osvita i upravlinnya, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 23-32.
26. Nechaeva, I.A. and Nechaeva, H.D. (2012), “Formation of the system of indicators of higher
education quality”, Ekonomika i rehion, no. 2 (33), pp. 79-83.
27. Ilenkova, S.D. “Indicators of the quality of education”, available at :
http ://mirznanii.com/a/207582/pokazateli-kachestva-obrazovaniya.
28. Zvonnikov, V.I. and Chelyshkova, M.B. “Quality control of training in certification :
competency approach”, available at : http :OLWUHVSUXFKLWDWUXɁ]YRQQLNRY-viktor-
ivanovich/kontrolj-kachestva-obucheniya-pri-attestacii-kompetentnostnij-podhod.
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no. 38 (September 26), pp. 6-7.
30. Kurinnyi, L. (2017), “All-Ukrainian Olympiad in Zaporizhzhia : Call to talk about the quality
of legal education”, Yurydychnyi visnyk Ukrayiny, April 21-27, no. 16 (1136), pp. 2-3.
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inevitable – the number of bots ready to replace certain categories of lawyers in the routine work
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33. Hurak, R. (2017), “We want to transform the system so that we can improve the quality of
education”, Osvita Ukrayiny, no. 15-16 (April 24), pp. 10-11.

ɍȾɄ©ª

ɁɆȱɋɌɉɈɇəɌɌə©ȼȱɃɋɖɄɈȼȺɈɄɍɉȺɐȱəªȼɆȱɀɇȺɊɈȾɇɈɆɍɉɊȺȼȱ
ȾɈɋȿɊȿȾɂɇɂ;;ɋɌ
Ɋɟɤɨɬɨɜɉȼɤɸɧɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɁɚɩɨɪɿɡɶɤɚɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɚɿɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɚɚɤɚɞɟɦɿɹɩɪɋɨɛɨɪɧɢɣɦɁɚɩɨɪɿɠɠɹɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ
[email protected]
ɍ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ©ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɚ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɹª ɜ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɿ ɬɚ
ɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɸɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭɞɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɢɏɏɫɬ, ɣɨɝɨɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɣɡɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ
ɜɿɞɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣɬɨɝɨɱɢɿɧɲɨɝɨɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɿɨɞɭɜɤɚɡɚɧɿɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿɨɡɧɚɤɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɚ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɹ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɣ
ɨɛɨɜɹɡɤɢɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɚ

ɘɪɢɞɢɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ
 25

ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿɉɈɇəɌɂə©ȼɈȿɇɇȺəɈɄɄɍɉȺɐɂəªȼɆȿɀȾɍɇȺɊɈȾɇɈɆɉɊȺȼȿ
ȾɈɋȿɊȿȾɂɇɕ;;ɋɌ
Ɋɟɤɨɬɨɜɉȼ
ɁɚɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɚɹɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɚɹɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹɩɪɋɨɛɨɪɧɵɣɝɁɚɩɨɪɨɠɶɟɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
[email protected]
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ©ɜɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɤɤɭɩɚɰɢɹª ɢ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɞɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵɏɏɫɬɟɝɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɨɬɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɬɨɝɨɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɯɜɚɬ ɜɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɤɤɭɩɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɤɤɭɩɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ
ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɤɤɭɩɚɧɬɚ
THE CONTENT OF THE NOTION OF MILITARY OCCUPATION UNTIL
THE MIDDLE OF THE 20th CENTURY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
Rekotov P.V.
Zaporizhzhya State Engineering Academy, ave. Soborny, 226, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
[email protected]
The matter of the content of the notion of military occupation and the evolution of this law institute until
the middle of the 20th century is dealt with in the article, it’s considered understanding, meaning and
dependence of the notion on the features of the historical period, and characteristics.
It is defined the distinguishing of military occupation (as an international humanitarian law institute or the
law of war, as it then was) and its singling out among the other forms of occupying territory happened
during the second stage of development of this law institute. During that period the rights of occupier
were limited and the responsibilities for the population of the occupied territory were assigned for the first
time. However, the existing regulations didn’t take into account all the military realities of those years.
It is stressed the international law of the 19th and 20th centuries defined differently the notion of
occupation. In determining the occupation, its different sides were taken as a basis.
It’s specified civilized society vision for specific features and signs of occupation that determined the
content of the notion took account of the interests of local civilian population, prisoners of war and
included rules of possession and use various forms of property, use of weapons etc.
Despite this, there weren’t identified an exhaustive list of signs thanks to which it’s possible to qualify
clearly certain case as a military occupation until the middle of the 20th century.
Key words: invasion, seizure, military occupation, military occupation regime, rights and obligations of the
occupier.
Ɋɟɚɥɿʀ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɸɬɶ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɜɿɞɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɪɨɡɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɧɚ ɰɟ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɿʀ
ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭ ɹɤ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɚ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɳɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɰɟɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɜɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɭ
ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀɞɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɢɏɏɫɬɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɣɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣɿɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɢɣɿɧɬɟɪɟɫ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɭ ɧɢɡɰɿ ɪɨɛɿɬ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɹɤ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɢɯ ɬɚɤ ɿ ɡɚɪɭɛɿɠɧɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ Ɉ ȿɣɯɟɥɶɦɚɧɚ Ɇ Ⱦɨɝɟɥɹ
Ɏ Ɇɚɪɬɟɧɫɚ Ɇ ȯɩɚɧɽɲɧɿɤɨɜɚ ȿ ɋɿɦɫɨɧɚ Ɏ Ʌɿɫɬɚ ȼ Ƚɪɚɛɚɪɹ ȯ Ƚɚɪɚɧɿɧɚ
ȯ ɑɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɞɢɤɚ Ɉ Ɍɿɭɧɨɜɚ Ɋ ɏɚɣɪɨɜɚ ȱ Ⱥɪɰɢɛɚɫɨɜɚ ȯ Ʉɨɪɨɜɿɧɚ ɘ Ʉɨɥɨɫɨɜɚ
ɉ Ȼɿɪɸɤɨɜɚ ə Ȼɪɨɭɧɥɿ Ʉ Ȼɭɧɚ ȼ ȱɜɚɳɟɧɤɚ ȱ Ʉɨɬɥɹɪɨɜɚ Ƀ Ⱦɿɧɫɬɟɣɧɚ Ɏ ɄɚɥɶFɯɨɜɟɧɚ
Ɇ ɐɸɪɭɩɢ ȼ Ⱦɹɱɟɧɤɨ ɋ Ɋɚɬɧɟɪɚ ə Ɋɨɧɟɧɚ ȱ ɀɚɪɨɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɀ ɏɟɧɤɟɪɬɫɚ ȿ Ʉɚɫɬɪɟɧɚ
ȼ ɑɯɢɤɜɚɞɡɟȼ ɒɭɪɲɚɥɨɜɚȱ ɆɚɤɚɪɨɜɚɈ ɆɚɪɭɫɹɤɚɈ ȼɨɜɤɚɬɚɿɧɲɢɯ
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɦɢɣɿɧɲɢɦɢɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɹɦɢɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɜɚɝɨɦɢɣɜɧɟɫɨɤɭɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɢɯ
ɿɡɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨɸɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɽɸɨɞɧɚɤɡɦɿɫɬɰɶɨɝɨɩɨɧɹɬɬɹɜɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɩɟɪɿɨɞɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɨɤɪɟɦɨʀ
ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨʀɪɨɡɜɿɞɤɢɧɟɛɭɜȼɢɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹɫɚɦɟɰɶɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬɭɽɦɟɬɨɸɫɬɚɬɬɿ
ȼɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɚɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɹɬɚʀʀɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹɹɤɿɽɨɞɧɢɦɿɡɡɚɜɞɚɧɶɜɿɣɧɢɪɟɝɭɥɸɸɬɶɫɹɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢɬɚ
ɡɜɢɱɚɹɦɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɿ ɩɪɢɣɨɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɨ ɫɬɚɜɚɥɢ
ɡɜɢɱɚɽɦɿɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɡɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɶɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢɯɡɚɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɦɢɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɸɸɱɢɫɶɬɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɧɨɪɦɭ

ȼɿɫɧɢɤɁɚɩɨɪɿɡɶɤɨɝɨɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ ʋ
26

Ɍɟɪɦɿɧ ©ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɹª ɥɚɬ RFFXSDWLR  ɭɩɟɪɲɟ ɡ¶ɹɜɢɜɫɹ ɜ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɿ Ɉɤɭɩɚɰɿɹ ɹɜɥɹɥɚ
ɫɨɛɨɸ ɨɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɪɟɱɚɦɢ ɳɨ ɧɟ ɦɚɥɢ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɚ ©ɧɿɱɢʀɦɢª UHV QXOOLXV ɿ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɬɢɦɢ
ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɚɦɢUHVGHUHOLFWDH ɡɦɟɬɨɸɩɪɢɜɥɚɫɧɟɧɧɹ
ɍɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɞɿɥɢɬɢɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɟɬɚɩɿɜ
1. Ɂɧɚɣɞɚɜɧɿɲɢɯɱɚɫɿɜ– Ɏɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɚɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɚɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɹɪ
2. Ɏɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɚɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɚɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɹɪ– Ȼɪɸɫɟɥɶɫɶɤɚɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɹɪ ɜɤɥɸɱɧɨ 
3. Ȼɪɸɫɟɥɶɫɶɤɚɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɹɪ– ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹɀɟɧɟɜɫɶɤɢɯɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɿɣɪ
4. ɉɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹɀɟɧɟɜɫɶɤɢɯɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɿɣɪ– ɞɨɧɢɧɿ
Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɿɫɬɸɩɟɪɲɨɝɨɟɬɚɩɭɛɭɥɨɨɬɨɬɨɠɧɟɧɧɹɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀɿɡɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɧɹɦɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸ
ɞɥɹ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɨʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɛɭɥɢ ɮɿɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɣ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɬɨɛɬɨ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɬɹ
ɞɟɪɠɚɜɨɸɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀɹɤɚɧɿɤɨɦɭɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɚɥɚɚɛɨɩɪɢɪɿɜɧɸɜɚɥɚɫɶɞɨɬɚɤɨʀɐɟɣɜɢɞɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɜɞɨɩɨɜɧɨɝɨɩɿɞɩɨɪɹɞɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɨʀɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀɜɟɪɯɨɜɧɿɣɜɥɚɞɿɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɚɬɚɛɭɜ
ɨɞɧɢɦ ɿɡ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɨɸ ɧɨɜɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɣ
ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɿɬɟɬɭ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɸ ɐɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɡɛɪɨɣɧɢɯɫɢɥɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɚȱɧɲɨɸɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɨɸɞɥɹɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀɜɠɟɨɫɜɨɽɧɢɯɡɟɦɟɥɶɛɭɥɨɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɟ
ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɧɹɡɦɟɬɨɸɧɚɠɢɜɢɬɚɩɪɢɫɜɨɽɧɧɹɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ>ɫ@
ɐɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɜɫɹ ɬɪɶɨɦɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɉɟɪɲɢɣ ɿɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɜ ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɜɨɸɸɱɢɣ
ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɛɭɜɦɚɬɢɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɫɢɥɢɜɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɯɨɛɫɹɝɚɯɿɜɢɝɥɹɞɿɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯɞɥɹ
ɡɞɨɥɚɧɧɹɫɭɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɚȾɪɭɝɢɣɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ– ɰɟɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɝɭɦɚɧɧɨɫɬɿɹɤɢɣɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɜɜɨɸɸɱɢɦ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɬɚɤɿɜɢɞɢɣɦɿɪɭɧɚɫɢɥɶɫɬɜɚɹɤɿɧɟɛɭɥɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɦɨɝɢ
ɧɚɞɫɭɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɨɦɌɪɟɬɿɣɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ– ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɥɢɰɚɪɫɬɜɚɹɤɢɣɜɢɧɢɤɳɟɜɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɿɬɚ
ɜɢɦɚɝɚɜɜɿɞɫɭɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɿɜɩɟɜɧɨʀɱɟɫɧɨɫɬɿɜɩɪɢɣɨɦɚɯɧɚɫɬɭɩɭɣɨɛɨɪɨɧɢɬɚɞɟɹɤɨʀɜɡɚɽɦɧɨʀ
ɩɨɜɚɝɢəɤɬɿɥɶɤɢɡɜɢɱɚɣɜɿɣɧɢɩɪɢɣɦɚɜɫɹɡɚɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦɿɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɜɫɹɧɚɡɚɤɨɧɜɿɣɧɢɜɿɧ
ɡɚɜɫɿɯɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧɬɚɭɦɨɜɧɚɛɭɜɚɜɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɨɜɨʀɫɢɥɢɞɥɹɜɨɸɸɱɢɯɞɟɪɠɚɜɐɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɧɟ
ɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɥɢɲɟ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ ɪɟɩɪɟɫɚɥɿɣ ɹɤɿ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɜɨɸɸɱɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɹɤ
ɜɿɞɩɥɚɬɚɡɚɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɿɚɤɬɢɜɿɣɧɢɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɿɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɹɤɿɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶɞɨɫɤɥɚɞɭʀʀɡɛɪɨɣɧɢɯɫɢɥ
ɚɛɨɿɧɲɢɦɢʀʀɩɿɞɞɚɧɢɦɢ
ȼɜɚɠɚɥɨɫɹ ɳɨ ɜɨɸɸɱɢɣ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɜɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɡɚɯɨɩɢɬɢ ɜɫɸ ɱɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɜɨɪɨɠɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜ
ɞɭɠɟɜɚɠɥɢɜɟɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɟɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɍɧɶɨɝɨɽɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶɧɟɥɢɲɟɭɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɡɚɫɨɛɨɸɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ
ɞɟɹɤɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɭ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɬɚ ɬɢɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɩɨɧɭɤɚɬɢ ɫɭɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɚ ɩɿɞɤɨɪɢɬɢɫɶ ɭɦɨɜɚɦ
ɦɢɪɭɚɣɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɬɢɪɟɫɭɪɫɢɫɭɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨʀɫɬɨɪɨɧɢɞɥɹɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹɫɜɨɽʀɦɟɬɢ
ɍɦɢɧɭɥɿɱɚɫɢɜɨɪɨɠɚɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɹɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɚɜɨɸɸɱɢɦɛɟɡɭɦɨɜɧɨɜɜɚɠɚɥɚɫɶɣɨɝɨɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɸ
ɜɥɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ ȼɿɧ ɦɿɝ ɜɱɢɧɹɬɢ ɡ ɧɟɸ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɧɚ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɫɭɞ ɡɧɢɳɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɨɝɧɟɦ ɿ
ɦɟɱɟɦ ɭɫɟ ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɿɣ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɶ ɭɫɸ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɭ
ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭɣɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɭɜɥɚɫɧɿɫɬɶɭɛɢɜɚɬɢɠɢɬɟɥɿɜɛɪɚɬɢʀɯɭɩɨɥɨɧɱɢɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɢɞɨɩɪɢɫɹɝɢɧɚ
ɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɉɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɩɿɜɩɚɞɚɜ ɿɡ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɣ Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹ
ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀɦɚɥɨɦɿɫɰɟɡɚɡɚɥɢɲɟɧɧɹɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɣɡɚɭɦɨɜɢɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɜɥɚɞɭ
ɜɢɝɧɚɧɧɹɡɚɝɚɪɛɧɢɤɚɡɚɥɢɲɟɧɧɹɡɚɝɚɪɛɧɢɤɨɦɪɨɡɨɪɟɧɢɯɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɣɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹɦɢɪɧɨʀɭɝɨɞɢ
ɉɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɿ ɧɟ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɥɨ Ⱦɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɭ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɟ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɬɹ
ɜɨɪɨɠɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɦ ɫɭɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɚ ɨɬɨɬɨɠɧɸɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɿɡ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ Ɂɚɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ
ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɥɨɫɶɹɤUHVQXOOLXVɿɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɹɪɚɡɨɦɿɡɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹɦɡɚɩɪɚɜɨɦɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀɡɞɨɛɢɱɿɫɬɚɜɚɥɚ
ɜɥɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ ɡɚɝɚɪɛɧɢɤɚ ɍ ɰɟɣ ɱɚɫ ɩɚɧɭɜɚɜ ɜɨɬɱɢɧɧɢɣ ɩɨɝɥɹɞ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɇɚɜɿɬɶ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɟ ʀʀ
ɡɚɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɹɤ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ Ɉɤɭɩɚɧɬ ɩɪɢɪɿɜɧɸɜɚɜɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɚ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɩɨɪɹɞɠɚɜɫɹ
ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɨɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɹɤ ɫɜɨɽɸ ɜɥɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ Ɂɚɝɚɪɛɧɢɤɢ ɞɚɪɭɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɨɛɦɿɧɸɜɚɥɢ
ɡɚɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɢ ɣ ɜɿɞɱɭɠɭɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɣ ɿɧɲɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɭ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɸɜɚɥɢ ʀʀ
ɜɜɚɠɚɸɱɢɫɟɛɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɢɦɢɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ>ɫ 71].
ɇɟ ɱɟɤɚɸɱɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɣ ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɳɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɿɣ
ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɦɿɝɧɚɜɿɬɶɜɢɪɿɲɢɬɢʀʀɞɨɥɸɬɚɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬɢɫɶɧɟɸɬɪɟɬɿɣɞɟɪɠɚɜɿɌɚɤɛɭɥɨ
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ
 27

ɩɿɞɱɚɫɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀɜɿɣɧɢ -1718 ɪɪ ɤɨɥɢɜɪȾɚɧɿɹɩɪɨɞɚɥɚɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɿɧɟɸɲɜɟɞɫɶɤɿ

ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ– Ȼɪɟɦɟɧɿȼɟɪɞɟɧ– Ƚɚɧɧɨɜɟɪɭ
ɉɟɪɲɿ ɫɩɪɨɛɢ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɚɜɿɥɥɹ ɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɿɜ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɡɚɦɿɧɚ ɛɟɡɠɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɢɳɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɩɨɥɨɧɟɧɢɯ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɦ ɭ ɪɚɛɫɬɜɨ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɚ ɜɿɞ ɧɟɜɢɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɢɯ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɸ
ɫɩɭɫɬɨɲɟɧɶ  ɦɨɬɢɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɤɨɪɿɲɟ ɨɛɚɱɥɢɜɢɦɢ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɨɠɰɹ ɧɿɠ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɢɦɢ
ɦɿɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɢ
ɉɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɿ ɡ¶ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɥɢɲɟ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ;9,,, ɫɬ
ɍɩɟɪɲɟ ɱɿɬɤɨ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɧɚɭɰɿ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ
ɧɚɞɚɜ ȿ ɞɟ ȼɚɬɬɟɥɶ ɭ  ɪ ɜ ɤɧɢɡɿ ©ɉɪɚɜɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɳɨ
ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢ ɣ ɫɩɪɚɜ ɧɚɰɿɣ ɿ ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɿɜª ȼɿɧ ɩɟɪɲɢɣ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢɜɫɹ ɜɿɞ
ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɢɳɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶUHV QXOOXV ɭ ɜɥɚɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɚ ɿ ɜɤɚɡɚɜ ɳɨ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɢɣ
ɨɤɭɩɚɧɬ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɿɬɟɬɭ ɥɢɲɟ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɹɤ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɣ ɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɢɣ
ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧ ɛɭɞɟ ɜɢɝɧɚɧɢɣ ɿɡ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɩɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɫɜɨɝɨ
ɜɟɪɯɨɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɡɚɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ>ɫ@
ɇɟɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɥɨɫɭɦɧɿɜɿɜɩɪɚɜɨɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɚɩɪɢɦɭɲɭɜɚɬɢɠɢɬɟɥɿɜɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɨʀɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀɫɥɭɠɢɬɢɜ
ɣɨɝɨ ɜɥɚɫɧɿɣ ɚɪɦɿʀ ɬɚ ɛɨɪɨɬɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨʀ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɋɟɦɢɪɿɱɧɨʀ
ɜɿɣɧɢɩɪɭɫɫɶɤɢɣɤɨɪɨɥɶɎɪɿɞɪɿɯȱȱɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɨɪɨɛɢɜɩɪɢɦɭɫɨɜɿɧɚɛɨɪɢɜɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɿɣɣɨɝɨ
ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚɦɢɋɚɤɫɨɧɿʀɌɚɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɞɪɭɝɨʀɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɢɏ9ȱȱȱɫɬɰɟɣɫɬɚɧɪɟɱɟɣɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɨɩɨɱɚɜ
ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɶ Ɋɿɡɧɢɰɹ ɦɿɠ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨɸ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨɸ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɽɸ ɬɚ ɞɿɣɫɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɧɹɦ
ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ >@ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɜɚɥɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɸ Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɩɪɨɣɲɥɨ ɱɢɦɚɥɨ
ɱɚɫɭ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɧɚɩɨɥɟɨɧɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɜɿɣɧ ɞɨɤɢ ɬɟɨɪɿɹ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɡɪɨɛɢɥɢ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢɡɮɚɤɬɭɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɤɨʀɪɿɡɧɢɰɿ
ɉɪɨ ɰɟ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɪɨɛɨɬɚ ɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɱɟɧɨɝɨ Ⱥ Ƚɟɮɬɟɪɚ ©ɋɭɱɚɫɧɟ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɟ ɩɪɚɜɨª ɹɤɚ
ɜɢɣɲɥɚ ɜ  ɪ ɞɟ ɜɿɧ ɭ ɩ ɩ   ɿ  ɩɢɲɟ ɩɪɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɳɟ ɤɨɦɛɚɬɚɧɬɿɜ
ɩɚɫɢɜɧɢɯɬɚɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɦɢɪɧɨɝɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹɬɚɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨɩɨɥɨɧɟɧɢɯ >ɫ@
Ɉɞɧɚɤɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɢɧɨɪɦɢɹɤɿɬɟɩɟɪɽɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɜɢɡɧɚɧɢɦɢɬɚɜɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹɯ
ɨɬɪɢɦɚɥɢ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɟ ɜɿɞɛɢɬɬɹ ɭ ɫɬ ɫɬ – Ƚɚɚɡɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɢ ɬɚ ɡɜɢɱɚʀ
ɫɭɯɨɩɭɬɧɨʀɜɿɣɧɢ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɟɠɨɜɬɧɹ ɪ >ɫ-@ɛɭɥɨɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɟɜɫɟ ɏȱɏɫɬ
ȼɿɞɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɹɤɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɝɭɦɚɧɿɬɚɪɧɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɚɱɢɩɪɚɜɚ
ɜɿɣɧɢ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ  ɿ ʀʀ ɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɡ-ɩɨɦɿɠ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɡɚɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ
ɜɨɪɨɠɨɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭ ɍ
ɰɟɣɩɟɪɿɨɞɭɩɟɪɲɟɨɛɦɟɠɭɜɚɥɢɫɶɩɪɚɜɚɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɚɬɚɩɨɤɥɚɞɚɥɢɫɶɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɢɳɨɞɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ
ɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɧɨɪɦɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɳɨ ɞɿɹɥɢ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɧɟ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ
ɜɫɿɯɪɟɚɥɿɣɜɨɽɧɬɢɯɱɚɫɿɜ
ȼɚɠɥɢɜɨɸɽɜɫɹɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɚɜɬɚɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɿɜɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɚɹɤɿɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶɞɨɩɢɬɚɧɶɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɧɚɞ ʀʀ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹɦ > ɫ -@ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ
ɹɤɢɣ ɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɞɿɸɱɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɯɨɱ ɨɤɭɩɚɧɬ ɿ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɭɜɚɽ ɩɪɚɜ
ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɿɬɟɬɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɲɟ ɮɚɤɬɭ ʀʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨɬɟ ɩɿɞ
ɱɚɫɧɟʀɜɿɧɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɭ ɜɥɚɞɭ ɧɚɞ ɰɿɽɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ Ɉɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɬɢɦ
ɫɚɦɢɦɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɠɚɽɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɸɜɥɚɞɢɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɹɞɭɬɚɜɢɦɚɝɚɽɳɨɛɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹɤɨɪɢɥɨɫɶ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿɣ ɧɢɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɜɥɚɞɿ ɜɿɧ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɢ ɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɡ ɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɧɟ
ɥɢɲɟɧɚɫɜɨʀɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɿɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɢɚɣɧɚɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɰɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɧɚɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɢɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɧɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɧɚɞɚɽɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɭɩɟɜɧɿɩɪɚɜɚɚɣɩɨɤɥɚɞɚɽɧɚɧɶɨɝɨ
ɩɟɜɧɿɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɢ
Ɂɚɪɚɡ ɭɠɟɧɟɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɽɡɚɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɹɤɟɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɳɨɫɚɦɟɥɢɲɟ ɜɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɧɹɳɟ
ɧɟ ɽ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɽɸ ȼɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɧɹ – ɰɟ ɜɫɬɭɩ ɜɿɣɫɶɤ ɞɨ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɫɭɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɚ Ɋɿɡɧɢɰɹ ɦɿɠ
ɜɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɧɹɦɬɚɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɽɸɫɬɚɽɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɸɡɬɨɝɨɳɨɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɩɟɜɧɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ
ɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɬɨɞɿ ɹɤ ɜɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɹ ɹɤ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɩɿɜɩɚɞɚɽ ɡ ɜɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɧɹɦ əɤ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɟɜɧɭ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɬɚ
ȼɿɫɧɢɤɁɚɩɨɪɿɡɶɤɨɝɨɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ ʋ
28

ɡɚɯɨɩɥɸɸɬɶ ɹɤɟ-ɧɟɛɭɞɶ ɫɟɥɢɳɟ ɱɢ ɦɿɫɬɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɪɚɡɭ ɠ ɡɚɣɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɩɨɲɬɭ ɬɨɳɨ ɬɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ Ɂ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɿ
ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶɫɹɩɿɫɥɹɰɶɨɝɨɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɢɦɢ>ɫ@
Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ;,; ɫɬ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ;; ɫɬ ɩɨ-ɪɿɡɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɸ ȱɫɧɭɸɱɿ
ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɽ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɥɢɜɢɦɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɸɸɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɡɿ ɫɬɨɪɿɧ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɧɟ
ɧɚɞɚɸɱɢ ɩɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ʉɨɥɢ ɠ ɿ ɡɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɬɢɫɶ
ɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɨɸ"
ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɛɟɪɭɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɿɡɧɿ ʀʀ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɢ Ⱥɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɸɪɢɫɬ
Ʌ Ɉɩɩɟɧɝɟɣɦ ɩɢɲɟ ©Ɉɤɭɩɚɰɿɹ – ɰɟ ɜɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɸɫ ɡɚɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɜɨɪɨɠɨɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ
ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɳɨɛ ɯɨɱɚ ɛ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨ ɭɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ɰɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɸª > ɫ @
Ƚ ɒɜɚɪɰɟɧɛɟɪɝɟɪ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɭ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɸ ɹɤ ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɹɤɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶ
ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɿɫ ɦɿɠ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ ɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦɢ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ
Ɏɿɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɣ ȿ Ʉɚɫɬɪɟɧ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɸ ɹɤ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɳɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɧɚɞ ɬɿɽɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɸ ɜɨɪɨɠɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɹɤɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ
ɩɿɞɤɨɪɟɧɚɜɨɸɸɱɢɦȺȾɚɜɢɞɨɜɩɢɲɟ©Ɉɤɭɩɚɰɿɹ– ɰɟɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɟɧɚɫɢɥɶɧɢɰɶɤɟɡɚɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ
ɜɫɿɽɸ ɱɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɸ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɫɭɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɚª > ɫ @ Ɏ Ʌɿɫɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɳɨ
ɡɚɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɜɨɪɨɠɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ©ɦɚɽ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɨɦ ɥɢɲɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɭ ɣ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɭ ɡɚɦɿɧɭ
ɩɪɚɜɨɦɿɪɧɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɸ ɜɥɚɞɨɸ ɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɚ ɬɿɽɸ ɦɿɪɨɸ ɹɤɨɸ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚ
ɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨɝɨɜɡɦɨɡɿɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɢɫɜɨɸɜɥɚɞɭª>ɫ@
əɤ ɛɚɱɢɦɨɰɿɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɶ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɶ ɿ ɛɿɥɶɲɨʀ ɞɟɬɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢ
ɚɤɰɟɧɬɭɸɬɶɭɜɚɝɭɥɢɲɟɧɚɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯɬɚɤɨɝɨɹɜɢɳɚɹɤɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɚɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɹ
ɋɬɚɬɬɹ  Ƚɚɚɡɶɤɨʀ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɢ ɿ ɡɜɢɱɚʀ ɫɭɯɨɩɭɬɧɨʀ ɜɿɣɧɢ  ɪ ,9 Ƚɚɚɡɶɤɚ
ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɿɹ  ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ ȱȱȱ ©ȼɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɚ ɜɥɚɞɚ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɜɨɪɨɠɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢª ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽ ɳɨ
ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɹɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɨɸɹɤɳɨɜɨɧɚɞɿɣɫɧɨɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽɩɿɞɜɥɚɞɨɸɜɨɪɨɠɨʀɚɪɦɿʀɹɤɚ
ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɲɟ ɧɚ ɬɿ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɞɟ ɰɹ ɜɥɚɞɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɚ ɜ ɡɦɨɡɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɫɜɨɸ
ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ>ɫ@ɐɟɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɬɚɤɨɠɧɟɬɨɱɧɟɩɪɨɬɟɜɨɧɨɬɨɱɧɟɧɚɫɬɿɥɶɤɢɧɚɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɰɟɛɭɥɨɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨɝɨɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀɧɚɬɨɣɱɚɫ
ȿɜɨɥɸɰɿɹɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀɞɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɢɏɏɫɬɞɚɽɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶɧɚɡɜɚɬɢɧɢɡɤɭɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɯ
ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣɰɶɨɝɨɩɨɧɹɬɬɹɡɩɨɡɢɰɿɣɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɚ
1. Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɿɣ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɶ
ɞɨ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɡɛɪɨɣɧɢɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɡ ɜɨɸɸɱɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɭɫɿɽʀ ɱɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ
ɫɭɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɚ
2. Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɳɨɛ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɚ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɹ ɛɭɥɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɸ ɬɨɛɬɨ
ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɧɚ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɿɣ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬɿɜ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɜɿɣɫɶɤ
ɫɬ  ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɢ ɬɚ ɡɜɢɱɚʀ ɫɭɯɨɩɭɬɧɨʀ ɜɿɣɧɢ  > ɫ @ ȿɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɟ ɠ
ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɿɣ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɧɢɦ ɧɢɡɤɢ
ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɿɜ ɳɨɞɨ ɦɢɪɧɢɯ ɠɢɬɟɥɿɜ ʀɯ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ
ɬɨɳɨ ɫɬȽɚɚɡɶɤɨʀɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɿʀ 
3. ȼɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɚ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɹ ɦɚɽ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ Ɂɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɫɚɦɟ ɩɨ ɫɨɛɿ ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ʀʀ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɧɹ ɘɪɢɞɢɱɧɟ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɽ ɳɟ ɧɟ ɦɚɽ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ
ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɟɞɨɝɨɜɿɪɧɢɦɲɥɹɯɨɦɆɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽɥɢɲɟɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɭɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɭ
ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɬɚ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽ ɚɧɟɤɫɿɸ ɬɨɛɬɨ ɧɚɫɢɥɶɧɢɰɶɤɟ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɭɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɜɨɥɿɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ>@
4. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɤɭɩɚɧɬɚ ɡɚ
ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɪɦ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɹɤɿ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɸɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ Ⱥɝɪɟɫɨɪ ɧɟɫɟ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɪɨɡɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɨʀ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɝɪɚɛɿɠ ɿ

ɘɪɢɞɢɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ
 29

ɜɢɝɧɚɧɧɹɜɪɚɛɫɬɜɨɦɢɪɧɨɝɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɢɯɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɣɡɧɢɳɟɧɧɹɣɩɨɝɪɚɛɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀɬɚɿɧɲɨʀɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿɦɭɡɟʀɜɛɿɛɥɿɨɬɟɤɪɨɡɤɪɚɞɚɧɧɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯɰɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɜɿɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɳɨɞɨ ɨɡɧɚɤ ɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɯ
ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ ɹɤɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ȼɨɧɢ ɡɧɚɱɧɨɸ
ɦɿɪɨɸ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɣ ɡɚɯɢɳɚɥɢ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨɩɨɥɨɧɟɧɢɯ
ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɥɢ ɩɟɜɧɿ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɳɨɞɨ ɡɚɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɡɛɪɨʀɬɨɳɨɉɪɨɬɟɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɟɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶɬɚɤɨɠɩɪɨɬɟɳɨɧɚɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɏɏɫɬɧɚ
ɠɚɥɶɧɟɛɭɥɨɧɚɞɚɧɨɡɩɨɡɢɰɿɣɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɚ ©ɩɪɚɜɚɜɿɣɧɢª©ɡɚɤɨɧɿɜɜɿɣɧɢª©ɡɚɤɨɧɿɜɿ
ɡɜɢɱɚʀɜ ɜɿɣɧɢª ©ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚª  ɜɢɱɟɪɩɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤɭ ɨɡɧɚɤ ɡɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ
ɦɨɠɧɚɛɭɥɨɛɱɿɬɤɨɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɭɜɚɬɢɩɟɜɧɢɣɜɢɩɚɞɨɤɹɤɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɭɨɤɭɩɚɰɿɸɉɪɢɰɶɨɦɭɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ
ɜɚɠɥɢɜɨ ɳɨ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɧɨɪɦ ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɱɚɫ ɞɟɳɨ ɜɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɥɢ ɬɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɢ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ
ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀ ɬɟɯɧɿɤɢ ɬɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿʀ ɳɨ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɽ ɫɜɨɸ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɬɚɤɨɠɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯɡɛɪɨɣɧɢɯɤɨɧɮɥɿɤɬɿɜɿɡɨɤɪɟɦɚɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨʀɨɤɭɩɚɰɿʀ
ɅȱɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ
1. ɏɚɣɪɨɜ ɊɁ Ƚɟɧɟɡɢɫ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɤɤɭɩɚɰɢɢ 
ɊɁ ɏɚɣɪɨɜɉɪɚɜɨɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ– 2008. – ʋ– ɋ–159.
2. ɄɨɪɨɜɢɧȿȺɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɚȿȺɄɨɪɨɜɢɧ– Ɇ : ɌɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɆɂȾ
ɋɋɋɊ, 1946. – ȼɵɩ – ɫ
3. ɏɚɣɪɨɜ ɊɁ ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɤɤɭɩɚɰɢɢ  ɊɁ ɏɚɣɪɨɜ  Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ
ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ– Ɇ : Ɂɚɩɪɚɜɚɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ– ʋ– ɋ–591.
4. ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɩɨɞɪɟɞȺəɋɭɯɚɪɟɜɚ. – Ɇ : Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɢɡɞ-ɜɨɸɪɢɞɥ-
ɪɵ– ɫ
5. Ɋɭɞɸɤɋɉ. Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɟɝɭɦɚɧɿɬɚɪɧɟɩɪɚɜɨ : [ɤɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɥɟɤɰɿɣ] / ɋɉɊɭɞɸɤ– Ʉ : ɆɈ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ– ɫ
6. ɅɢɫɬɎɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɎɅɢɫɬ– ɘɪɶɟɜ
– ɫ
7. Ⱦɟ Ɇɭɥɢɧɟɧ Ɏ ɉɪɚɜɨ ɜɨɣɧɵ : ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ  Ɏ ɞɟ Ɇɭɥɢɧɟɧ –
Ɇ : ɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɄɨɦɢɬɟɬɄɪɚɫɧɨɝɨɄɪɟɫɬɚ, 1993. – ɫ
8. ɉɪɚɜɨ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɉɨɪɚɞɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ Ɂɛɪɨɣɧɢɯ ɋɢɥ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ – Ʉ : ȼɄɎ
©Ʌɸɛɚɜɚª– ɫ
9. ɈɩɩɟɧɝɟɣɦɅɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟɩɪɚɜɨɅɈɩɩɟɧɝɟɣɦ– Ɇ : ɂɧɨɫɬɪɥɢɬ– Ɍ–
ɫ
10. ȾɚɜɵɞɨɜȺɂȼɨɣɧɚɢɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟɩɪɚɜɨȺɂȾɚɜɵɞɨɜ– Ɇ : ȼɘɁɂ– ɫ
11. Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟɩɪɚɜɨȼɟɞɟɧɢɟɛɨɟɜɵɯɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ : ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤȽɚɚɝɫɤɢɯɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɣɢɢɧɵɯ
ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɣ– Ɇ : ɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɄɨɦɢɬɟɬɄɪɚɫɧɨɝɨɄɪɟɫɬɚ, 1995. – ɫ
12. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ : ɜɬɝɥɪɟɞȺȺȽɪɨɦɵɤɨ– Ɇ : ɉɨɥɢɬɢɡɞɚɬ-1972.
– Ɍ 1. – 1971. – ɫ
REFERENCES
1. Khayrov, R.Z. (2008), “Genesis and periodization of military occupation law institute”, Pravo
i obrazovanie, no. 2, pp. 153–159.
2. Korovin, E.A. (1946), Istoriya mezhdunarodnoho prava [History of international law], vol 1,
Tipografiya Foreign ministry the USSR, Moscow, Russia.
3. Khayrov, R.Z. (2007), “Concept and elements of military occupation”, Rossiyskiy voenno-
pravovoy sbornik, no. 9, pp. 588-591.

ȼɿɫɧɢɤɁɚɩɨɪɿɡɶɤɨɝɨɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ ʋ
30

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Russia.
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humanitarian law. Lecture notes], MO Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
6. List, F. (1917), Mezhdunarodnoe pravo v sistematicheskom izlozhenii [International law in a
consistent manner], Yurev, Russia.
7. Frederic de Mulinen (1993), Pravo voyny. Rukovodstvo dlya vooruzhennykh sil [Law of war.
Guidance for armed forces], Mezhdunarodnyi Komitet Krasnoho Kresta, Moscow, Russia.
8. (1996), Pravo viyny. Poradnyk dlia komandnoho skladu Zbroinykh Syl Ukrainy [Law of war.
Guidance for command personnel of the Ukrainian Armed Forces], VKF “Lubava”, Kyiv,
Ukraine.
9. Oppengeym, L. (1949), Mezhdunarodnoe pravo [International law], Vol. 2, Inostr. Lit.,
Moscow, Russia.
10. Davydov, A.I. (1955), Voyna i mezhdunarodnoe pravo [War and international law], VUZI,
Moscow, Russia.
11. (1995), Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. Vedenie boevykh deystviy. Sbornik Gaagskikh konventsiy i
inykh sohlasheniy [International law. Conduct of hostilities. Collection of Hague Conventions
and other arrangements], Mezhdunarodnyi Komitet Krasnoho Kresta, Moscow, Russia.
12. (1971), Diplomaticheskij slovar [Diplomatic dictionary], Vol. 1, Politizdat, Moscow, Russia.

ɍȾɄ

ɉɊȺȼɇɂɑȱɉɈɇəɌɌəȱɌȿɊɆȱɇɈɅɈȽȱəɍɆȿɌɈȾɈɅɈȽȱȲɘɊɂȾɂɑɇɈȲɇȺɍɄɂ
ɄɭɱɟɪɟɧɤɨȾɋɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɡɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯɩɢɬɚɧɶ
ɌɈȼ©ɄɈɆɊȿɐɖªɜɭɥɄɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚ-ȺɦɁɚɩɨɪɿɠɠɹɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ
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ɍ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɬɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɧɢɱɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ
ɧɚɭɤɢ Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɜɢ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɿ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɢ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ
ɲɤɨɥɚɯ Ɉɛʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɸ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɨʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɢ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯɩɿɞɯɨɞɿɜɞɨɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɦɨɜɢɩɪɚɜɚɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɯɭɪɚɦɤɚɯɚɧɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɨʀ
ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɿʀɩɪɚɜɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɦɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɧɢɱɿ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɩɪɚɜɧɢɱɚ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɥɨɝɿɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɹ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀɧɚɭɤɢɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɣɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɿɡɦɚɧɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɚɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɿɹɩɪɚɜɚ
ɉɊȺȼɈȼɕȿɉɈɇəɌɂəɂɌȿɊɆɂɇɈɅɈȽɂəȼɆȿɌɈȾɈɅɈȽɂɂɘɊɂȾɂɑȿɋɄɈɃɇȺɍɄɂ
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ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɭɤɢȺɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɚɢɩɪɚɜɚɜɪɚɡɧɵɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɵɜ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯɲɤɨɥɚɯɈɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɜɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɸɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢɩɪɚɜɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɹɡɵɤ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɭɤɢɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɢɡɦɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɩɪɚɜɚ

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