PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH

MODULE 1
COMMON DANCE TERMS IN PHILIPPINE TRADITIONAL DANCE
 Abrasete – Girl at the right side of the boy, holds Right arm of partner with her Left hand, free hands down at the sides.
 Arms in Lateral Position – both arms are at one side, either sideward right or left. This may be done at shoulder chest
or waist level.
 Arms in Reverse “T” position – Arms are side horizontal, elbows bent at right angles, forearms parallel to head, palms
forward or facing inward, fists loosely closed.
 Bilao – To turn hands up and sown alternately, hands at waist level in front, elbows close to waist.
 Brush – Weight on one foot, hit the floor with the ball or heel of the other foot (the free foot) after which that foot is
lifted from the floor to any direction.
 Cabeceras – When dancers are in square formation, the couples occupying the width of the hall are called “cabeceras” or
head couples.
 Clockwise – Like the motion of the hands of the clock. Right shoulder is toward the center of an imaginary circle. When
facing center, the movement is toward the left.
 Counterclockwise – The reverse direction of clockwise. Left shoulder is toward the center of an imaginary circle. When
facing center, the movement is toward the right.
 Costados – When Dancers are in square formation, the couples occupying the length of the hall are called “costados” or
side pairs.
 Crossed arms – Partners are facing each other or standing side by side, girl at the right of boy. They join their Left
hands together and their Right hands together either Right over Left or Left over Right hands.
 Cross- Over – Two couples (the vis-à -vis) are opposite each other. Each couple proceeds in a straight line to the
opposite place. The girl pass by their Left shoulders between the boy. Boys bow to each other when they meet at the
middle or at about one-third of the way, then proceed to the opposite place. Upon reaching the opposite place, partners
turnabout, girls stand at partners’ right side.
 Cut – To displace quickly one foot with the other, thus completely taking off the weight of the body from the displaced
foot.
 Do-Si-Do(“Dos-a-Dos”) – The vis-à -vis (opposite) both advance forward, pass each other’s right (or left) side, step
across to the right (or left), move backward without turning around pass each other’s left (or right) side to proper places.
This is of foreign origin and is used in many Philippine dances.
 Draw – To pull one foot along the floor close to the other which has the weight of the body. The weight may or may not
be transferred.
 Free Foot – The foot no bearing the weight of the body.
 Free Hand – The hand not place anywhere or not doing anything.
 Hand on Waist – Place hands at the waistline (at the smallest part of the trunk), knuckles in, fingers pointing in rear.
 Hapay – To flourish or offer a handkerchief, hat, or glass of wine to somebody as a sign of invitation.
 Hayon-Hayon – To place one forearm in front and the other at the back of the waist. This is a Visayan term.
 Hop – A spring from one foot landing on the same foot in place or any direction (in front, in rear, sideward or across).
 Inside Foot - The foot nearest one’s partner, when partners stand side by side.
 Inside Hand – The hand nearest one’s partner, when partners stand side by side.
 Jaleo – Partners turn once around clockwise (with right elbows almost touching) or counterclockwise with left elbows
almost touching) using walking or any kind of dance step. The hands near each other are on waists. This is a Tagalog
term but is of Spanish origin.
 Jump – Spring on one foot or both feet, landing on both in any direction.
 Kumintang – Moving the hand from the wrist either in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. This is an Ilocano
term.
 Leap – A spring from one foot landing on the other foot in any direction (forward, sideward, backward or oblique).
 Masiwak – To turn the hand from the wrist half-way clockwise then raise and lower wrist once or twice. This is an
Ibanag term.
 Outside Foot – The foot away one’s partner, when partners stand side by side.
 Outside Hand – The hand away from one’s partner, when partners stand side by side.
 Place – To put the foot in a certain or desired position without putting weight on it. The sole of the foot rests flat on the
floor.
 Point – Touch lightly with the toes of one foot, weight of the body on the other.
 Saludo – partner bow to each other, to the audience, opposite dancers, or to the neighbor.
 Sarok – Cross the Right (or left) foot in front of the Left (or right), bend the body slightly forward and cross the hands
down in front with the Right (Left) hand over the Left(Right).
 Set – A dance formation like a quadrille or a unit composed of two or more pairs.
 Stamp – To bring down the foot forcibly and noisily on the floor (like doing heavy steps).
 Star with the Right Hand – Four or more people advance to the center and join Right hands and circle around
clockwise using walking or change or any other step.
 Star with the left hand – same as “Star with the Right hand” only join Left hands and counter clockwise.
 Step – To advance or recede by raising and moving one foot to another resting place. There is a complete transfer of
weight from one foot to the other.
 Tap – To tap lightly with the ball or tip of the toe, placing weight of the body on the foot. There is no change or transfer
of weight here.

BENEFITS OF TRADITIONAL DANCING

1. Folk dances performed at social functions by people with little or no professional training, often to traditionally based
music.
2. Great exercise and a fun recreational activity for people of all ages.
3. Can be magical and transforming.
4. Benefit physical level, dancing can give you a great mind-body workout.
5. An excellent form of stress relief.
6. The steady, slow exercise involved in dance lessons comfortably raises the folk dancing are gained by other forms of
exercise or even meditation like stress reduction.
7. It’s fun, stress relief and a great way to exercise.

HOW TO ORGANIZE AN EVENT FOR A TRADITIONAL DANCE

1. Set goals for your event.
2. Establish a theme that befits your goals.
3. Find an appropriate date, time and venue for your event. Work out the number of people who will be involved in this.
4. Determine what you want to have during the event.
5. Knowing the number of people and the activities will affect your budget. Set your budget according to your initial
plan. Adjust the budget or the activities so everything will be alright.
6. Once you have finalized the budget and the activities, you can start finalizing the program, too.

MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY DANCE

MODERN DANCE
 is developed by the American and Germany. It was then known in Germany as "Ausdrucktranz" Meaning expressive
dance.
 expressive dance from German Ausdruckstanz, is a form of artistic dance in which the individual and artistic
presentation of feelings is an essential part.
 Dancers are free to express their feelings and emotion through movement.
FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS OF MODERN DANCE
1. Laterals - The dancers stand with the head and the spine in alignment and the supporting foot turned out.
2. Spiral- A torso twist that begins in the pelvis. As the body turns, each level is separately articulated all the way up
the spine-pelvis, lower spine, mid-section, shoulders, neck, and head.
3. Stag Leap - Is a very high jump in a split, but although both legs are parallel to the floor, the front leg is bent from
the knee inward.
4. Stag Turn - The supporting knees is slightly bent; the other leg is up in the air and bent behind the body. The arm on
the supporting side is thrust straight back with the palm down. The opposite arm is thrust cleanly forward with the
palms down as the dancer turns around.
5. Primitive Squat - Is a hop that lands in a deep second-position pli- the feet are turned out heel to heel and the knees
are bent.
6. Flat Back - A series of moves but the basic movement makes a "tabletop" of the body.
7. Hinge - The dancer balances on the balls of the feet, keeps a straight back and head, and sends the knees forward as
the torso tilts back and the arms are held straight out in front.
8. Contraction - The action begins in the pelvis and articulates up the spine as the breath is exhaled.
9. Release - This occurs upon inhalation and also begins in the pelvis. It typically counters the contraction.

CONTEMPORARY DANCE - Is an interpretive dance that embraces innovation, blending techniques from various genres,
including classical ballet, jazz, modern dance, and lyrical dance.
BASIC POSITION AND EXERCISES OF CONTEMPORARY DANCE
1. Feet Parallel - the toes and heels stay in a straight-line position.
2. Demi Pointe - the foot stays in its parallel position and the pressure should be set onto the ball of the foot in
preparation for pushing away the foot on the floor.
3. Contraction - one of Graham dance techniques that focuses on the torso's flexibility performed either in standing or
sitting position.
4. Release - from contraction position, a straightening of back moving to starting position.
5. Roll Down - an exercise that involves stomach muscles to fold in, and it can be done against the wall to prevent the
pelvis and rear in swaying away.
6. Circular Spring - an exercise involving both legs to jump and to travel along the dance floor.
7. Jumps - starting from a Demi Pointe position a jump that should be performed with the pointed.

MODULE 2
BALLROOM DANCE - refers to a set of partner dances, which are enjoyed both socially and competitively around the
world. Because of its performance and entertainment aspects, ballroom dance is also widely enjoyed on stage, film, and
television.
TWO STYLES OF BALLROOM DANCING
1. Smooth or Standard
2. Rhythm or Latin
HISTORY OF BALLROOM DANCING
 Ballroom dancing” as a term hails from the Latin word “ballare” which, coincidentally, means “to dance.” Thus, a
ballroom is a room in which to dance.
 Centuries ago, ballroom dancing was primarily for the privileged and well-todo, while the commoners had to make
do with folk dancing.
 Today, ballroom dancing applies to numerous dances in which a “leader” and a “follower” dance together in close
proximity, usually with some degree of physical contact. This closeness is to permit the leader to get the follower to,
well, follow along.
 The first documented authority of early ballroom dancing is Jehan Thoinot’Arbeau’s Orchesographie (1588) that
discussed 16th-century French social dance.
 In 1650, Jean-Baptiste Lully introduced the Minuet to Paris—a dance that would dominate ballroom until the end of
the 18th century.
 The Waltz came about in England in the early 1800s despite initial opposition to the closed dance hold.
 By 1840, the Polka, Mazurka, and Schottische emerged.
 In the early 20th century, ballroom dancing experienced massive popularity in the US with the extremely successful
dancing of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers.
TYPES OF BALLROOM DANCING
1. Cha cha (originally known as cha-cha-cha)
 is widely recognizable by its catchy rhythm. It's easy to learn and fun to dance.
 it originates from Cuba. It was developed by the Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the middle of
1950s.
 originally it was known as a slowed-down mambo or "the triple mambo", because of the three quick steps.
BASIC STEPS
 is composed in 4/4 time (four beats to a bar of music).
 for each bar of music there are 2 slow and 3 quick steps, which may be counted as – one, two, cha, cha, cha or step,
step, step, quick step, quick step.
 the footwork is simple and mostly focuses on just shifting weight from one foot to another.
2. Foxtrot
 is a smooth, elegant, easy to learn dance, very popular at wide variety of social events, including wedding
receptions.
 is one of the most beautiful ballroom dances characterized by long, flowing movements.
 is named after its originator, Harry Fox, who was a Vaudeville performer in New York in the 1910s.
BASIC STEPS
 the basic elements are walking steps and side steps.
 the basic rhythm is slow, slow, quick, quick. The slow steps use 2 beats of music and the quick steps use one. The
music is played in 4/4 timing.
 danced in a normal closed position, which means facing partner and holding them close.
3. Salsa
 is a sensual Latin dance, similar to mamba. Both have a pattern of six steps over eight counts of music and they
both share many of the same moves.
 is the result of combining many Latin and Afro-Caribbean dances, a fusion of Cuban, Puerto Rican and African
rhythms.
BASIC STEPS
 only three steps are made for every four beats with one step to each beat and one beat being skipped. The skipped
beat is called a tag, a tap, a kick, a flick, or the like.
 is danced with partners facing each other. It can be danced in closed or open position. Steps are very small. The
faster the music, which is usually quite fast, the smaller the steps.
4. Tango
 also referred to as the "Dance of Love", is a passionate and dramatic dance. It's a dialogue between partners, an
expressive form of communication through movements.
 originated in the 19th century outskirts of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 it has no rise & fall, no swaying. It's known for quick, sharp movements and a catlike walking action.
BASIC STEPS
 is a walking dance, meaning that all the steps are based on walking.
 Tango Basic is made of five steps taken to 8 counts of music. The rhythm is slow, slow, quick, quick, slow
 is danced in a closed position, usually closer than in other dances.
5. Rumba
 is a slow and flirtatious dance.
  is generally regarded as the "dance of romance", but also known as the "Latin waltz" or the "waltz with a wiggle".
Due to its slow rhythm and sensual movements, some call it the most intimate and passionate dance there is.
BASIC STEPS
 is usually danced to music written in 4/4 time, with four beats to each measure. The basic step is a very simple box
step.
 it consists of three basic steps - two quick side steps and a slow forward or backward step. The rhythm of the steps
is slow, quick, quick.
 is a spot dance which means the couple does not travel around the dance floor like in many other dances, but rather
stays in one location.
6. Samba
 is a lively dance of Brazilian origin. It's a popular party dance, characterized by simple forward and backward steps
and rhythmic hip movements.
 is the national dance of Brazil, some say the spirit and soul of the country. In Brazil, it is a solo dance, performed at
street festivals and carnivals.
BASIC STEPS
 Ballroom samba is usually danced to music written in 2/4 time, meaning there are two beats in each measure. The
basic box step consists of three steps. This means that three steps are performed in two beats of music
 The most characteristic element is probably the so-called samba bounce, which is achieved through rhythmic
bending and straightening of the knees.
 is danced in a closed position, with partners slightly apart.
7. Jive
 is a faster version of swing and shares many things with it, from footwork to underarm turns, swivels, etc.
 during WWII, American soldiers introduced it to Europe, and in 1968 it was added as the fifth Latin dance in
International competitions.
 It's a very boppy dance where dancers use more bouncy movements, lifting the knees and bending or rocking the
hips. A lot of kicks are used. It's one the most energetic of all the dances.
 is danced with the lady and man facing each other.
BASIC STEPS
 The basic steps for jive are based on a simple six beat sequence: 1-2-3-a-4-5-a-6.
 is generally danced to music with four beats to the bar that usually contains bouncy rhythms and easy melodies.
8. Swing
 is a lively, non-progressive partner dance that can be danced to a wide variety of music. Non-progressive means it's
mostly performed in one spot.
 is one of the most versatile partner dances you can learn - very social and beginner friendly. Easily adaptable to a
wide range of tempos, it involves movements with lots of swinging, spinning and rhythmic, creative footwork.
 to dance swing you'll need a partner, a sense of humor, and a bit of endurance.
BASIC STEPS
 beginners usually start with East Coast Swing because it is the easiest of all swing styles. It has a basic count of
1&2, 3&4, 5,6.
9. Waltz
 is an elegant, nearly universal dance, perfect for weddings, or almost any social occasion.
 dates back to the late 17th century Europe but has never really been out of fashion and clearly stood the test of time.
It should probably be one of the first ballroom dances you learn.
 it is a smooth and graceful dance with long, flowing movements, characterized by rise & fall motion.
BASIC STEPS
 the basic step for waltz is a box step. It's named after a pattern it creates on the floor (box or square) and forms the
foundation of the dance.
 a box step can be divided into two parts - a forward half box and a backward half box.
 the basic box step pattern uses three counts - slow, quick, quick, which is repeated twice to create the box step.
 the leader starts with the left foot and executes a forward half box, followed by a backward half box. The follower
performs the opposite.
 when dancing waltz someone has to lead and someone has to follow. Usually, the man will lead and the woman will
follow.
.