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Connecting Lans, Backbone Networks, and Virtual Lans

The document discusses different types of connecting devices used in computer networks including repeaters, bridges, switches, routers and gateways. It also covers backbone networks used to connect multiple local area networks and the use of virtual local area networks which are software defined network segments.

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Rahul Sharma
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13 views30 pages

Connecting Lans, Backbone Networks, and Virtual Lans

The document discusses different types of connecting devices used in computer networks including repeaters, bridges, switches, routers and gateways. It also covers backbone networks used to connect multiple local area networks and the use of virtual local area networks which are software defined network segments.

Uploaded by

Rahul Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 15

Connecting LANs,
Backbone Networks,
and Virtual LANs

1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
15-1 CONNECTING DEVICES

In this section, we divide connecting devices into five


different categories based on the layer in which they
operate in a network.

Topics discussed in this section:


Passive Hubs
Active Hubs
Bridges
Two-Layer Switches
Routers
Three-Layer Switches
Gateways
2
Figure 15.1 Five categories of connecting devices

3
Figure 15.2 A repeater connecting two segments of a LAN

4
Note

A repeater connects segments of a LAN.

5
Note

A repeater forwards every frame;


it has no filtering capability.

6
Note

A repeater is a regenerator,
not an amplifier.

7
Figure 15.3 Function of a repeater

8
Figure 15.4 A hierarchy of hubs

9
Note

A bridge has a table used in


filtering decisions.

10
Figure 15.5 A bridge connecting two LANs

11
Note

A bridge does not change the physical


(MAC) addresses in a frame.

12
Figure 15.6 A learning bridge and the process of learning

13
Figure 15.7 Loop problem in a learning bridge

14
Figure 15.8 A system of connected LANs and its graph representation

15
Figure 15.9 Finding the shortest paths and the spanning
tree in a system of bridges

16
Figure 15.10 Forwarding and blocking ports after using spanning
tree algorithm

17
Figure 15.11 Routers connecting independent LANs and WANs

18
15-2 BACKBONE NETWORKS

A backbone network allows several LANs to be


connected. In a backbone network, no station is
directly connected to the backbone; the stations are
part of a LAN, and the backbone connects the LANs.

Topics discussed in this section:


Bus Backbone
Star Backbone
Connecting Remote LANs

19
Note

In a bus backbone, the topology


of the backbone is a bus.

20
Figure 15.12 Bus backbone

21
Note

In a star backbone, the topology of the


backbone is a star;
the backbone is just one switch.

22
Figure 15.13 Star backbone

23
Figure 15.14 Connecting remote LANs with bridges

24
Note

A point-to-point link acts as a LAN in a


remote backbone connected by
remote bridges.

25
15-3 VIRTUAL LANs

We can roughly define a virtual local area network


(VLAN) as a local area network configured by
software, not by physical wiring.

Topics discussed in this section:


Membership
Configuration
Communication between Switches
IEEE Standard
Advantages
26
Figure 15.15 A switch connecting three LANs

27
Figure 15.16 A switch using VLAN software

28
Figure 15.17 Two switches in a backbone using VLAN software

29
Note

VLANs create broadcast domains.

30

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