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Week 1 - Topic Overview

Week 1 of the module covers numerical skills including: - Rules for multiplying and dividing positive and negative numbers - Simplifying fractions and multiplying/dividing fractions - Converting mixed numbers to fractions - Order of operations - Calculating percentages - Factors, multiples, prime numbers, and finding the highest common factor and lowest common multiple of numbers.

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37 views

Week 1 - Topic Overview

Week 1 of the module covers numerical skills including: - Rules for multiplying and dividing positive and negative numbers - Simplifying fractions and multiplying/dividing fractions - Converting mixed numbers to fractions - Order of operations - Calculating percentages - Factors, multiples, prime numbers, and finding the highest common factor and lowest common multiple of numbers.

Uploaded by

75q6xvjcgp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UUMA00 - Entry Level Math’s Module

Week 1 – Topic Overview


Numbers
In week one we will review numerical skills in a purely mathematical way and in real world
applications.

 Real numbers can be positive or negative, except the number 0 which does not have a
sign. When we multiply or divide signed numbers, it is very important to know the sign
of the answer, by following the rules below:

(+) x (+) = +
(+) x (-) = -
(-) x (+) = -
(-) x (-) = +

Examples:
3 x 5=15
4x -2=-8
-5 x 6 =-30
-3 x -4 =12

 When we work with fractions we must always try to simplify or reduce, by dividing both
the numerator and the denominator by the same number.

For example, or

 In order to multiply fractions, we should try to reduce the fractions first, if possible, and
then multiply numerators by numerators denominators by denominators.

. Now we can reduce the 5’s, the 4’s and the 2’s and the answer will be

Week 1 – Topic Overview 1 | Page


UUMA00 - Entry Level Math’s Module

 To divide a number by a fraction, we simply multiply the number by the reciprocal of the
fraction (turn the fraction upside down and multiply).

 When we have a mixed number, like we should change it to a fraction by multiplying


the whole number by the denominator, add the numerator and dividing the answer by the
denominator, like the example that follows:

 To add/subtract fractions, we need to make then have the same denominator and then we
add/subtract the numerators, keeping the same denominator.

 When we must perform more than one operation in an expression, we must follow a
certain order of operations. First, we must simplify the Brackets (or parenthesis) and then
simplify the Indices (exponents). We follow with Division/Multiplication from left to
right, and finally we perform the Addition/Subtraction from left to right. The acronym
BIDMAS will help you remember the correct order of operations.

Week 1 – Topic Overview 2 | Page


UUMA00 - Entry Level Math’s Module

Percentages

 To express x as a percentage of y, we write and we multiply by 100

Ex. Express 10 as a percentage of 50:

 To calculate a% of b, we write (remember, “of” means multiplication)

Ex. Find 5% of 40:

 To find the percentage change, when a certain number changes to a different number, we
divide the value of the change (increase or decrease) by the original number and then we
multiply by 100.

Ex. My weight changed from 132lbs to 120 lbs in 6 months. Calculate the percentage change of

my weight:

 Prime Numbers are the numbers that are only divisible by 1 and themselves, like the
numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 ….

Week 1 – Topic Overview 3 | Page


UUMA00 - Entry Level Math’s Module

 Factors are the numbers that divide a number evenly. For example, the factors of 18 are 1,
2, 3, 6, 9 and 18

Any number can be written as a product of prime numbers, by dividing repeatedly by prime
numbers.

Example:

We have 24 as a product of 2’s and 3’s that are prime numbers.

 Multiples of a number a are all the numbers that a divides evenly.

Ex. The multiples of 3 are all the numbers that 3 divides evenly, which are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ….

HCF: Highest Common Factor is the largest factor that is common to a set of numbers.

LCM: Lowest Common Multiple is the smallest common multiple to a set of numbers

In order to find the HCF or the LCM of 2 or more numbers we must first write each number as a
product of prime factors.

For HCF we multiply all the factors that the numbers have in common.

For LCM, we multiply all the different factors that appear in both numbers, choosing the factors
that are raised to the highest index.

Week 1 – Topic Overview 4 | Page


UUMA00 - Entry Level Math’s Module

Example: Find the HCF and LCM of 12 and 42. We write 12 and 42 as products of prime
numbers.

The HCF is 2x3=6

The LCM is

Week 1 – Topic Overview 5 | Page

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