SYSLABUS:
* -
CHAPTER 1: COMPLETE]
CHAPTER 2:
CumPTER 4
CHAPTER 6 % complete
CAROTER 5 ->
partial topics
COMPUTER PERFORMANCE
#RDUCTION,
* CompuTzR ABSTRACTIONS & TechNonocy
* PERFORMANCE
concerned with the with it.
components & the cost associated
->
performance of
->
Performance: is Throughput ii)Response time / Execution time (These 2 are units measurement)
-
of
-> Be aware of the problem first & then solve it (don't
to have high yield andless power usage
We want computers
go
&
haphazardly).
processors all semiconductions
->
as
semiconductors work well in 19-24 & semiconductors disintegrate in hot temperatives
Energy: -
ECt) JPCt)dE
=
(sum of power over a period of time)
->
Energy problems happen due to consumption.
->
you pay for the energy consumed.
Cost: Here its with his concerned with chip area
also indirectly associated
with
associated design complexity,
-> -
More complex - more
expensive to verify # logic gates
in a
processor.
Things easy to verify: -
: Easy bug design error detect
a. less time debugging design errors.
3.
Main concern: Speed
-> Went to History of Architecture
Computer to World War to
related # now
Chip surface (siteinianDesigning chips is complex as it with each gate
contains million gates having
multiple transistors
&on featuresizeof
technology egnumtechno and
feature size
gates
->
You need to design & produce machines who can design such chips with small feature size => more expense
Feature Size Area Feature size Area
A -N2
5nm 10 nm
10nm 2nm 1/25
=
-> As we want to
architects use a design with smaller no of gates
& area.
>
Chips decrease in
size over time.
need some
economy with design, use less circuits
without compromising performance.
->
Centripetal force -> 0
cost is with gates & chip design
associated
Target Frequency for processors
Binning -> in data warehousing
↳ Here associated
with clock speed of chips.
* PERFORMANCEMETRICS
& Rate
Time
We use time occassionally for performance companion
1 lore: Clock Speed:1 Ga
Get with higher clock speed. Opth
1 to increase frequency
1. a core
Get another of
2. core same
frequency.
↳ - 26 or p
time t -t -> Tells time used
by programs himse OS.
in
Python Time Package Module
->
System Time: -
Time used by sys programs for availing OS services.
-> User CPU Time: Time -
required by men
program during
executh.
Reproduceability:
-> - desirable feature
in CA.
-> For s/0 testing, focus on instruct at hand. Write simulators.
Speedup
=>
at a Performance Ratio.
Performance Ratio: k
=
Sometimes it will be as per usage.
1. Improvement (Speedup -1) =
x180%
·
MEASUREEXECUTION TIME
ARM processors can measure earth time using clock cycles.
Processor Logic Cienif +
2
Types of hogic
1. Sequential: Memory - ->
i/p->State ->
o/p:f(ip, State)
2. Combinational Combinatorial: -
Gates
- no memory
↳ olp:-f(i/p)
Machine
e.g.-
Vending
i/p:-Cash,
Buttons for drink.
clock ....... ->
s9
I
rock cycle/pewod
Frequency a ha. Clock Rate
(requency)
"
Clock Period &
ET truck
Count
#Clock cycles Clock Period
ET=
tochascles on =
ET =
&
or
Clock Rate
Clock period Rock Cycles Time
areasomuc
P.:1x109 2x10 cycles
-
P2 25x189 8x109 cycles
Clock cycle Y.
A Icycles 30%
30%
B
Gcycles
2 I
cycle 40%
10 "instructu
CPlans program (cycles read on ang for progenecuth)
CPLarg 0.3x2 0.3x4 84x)
+
+
=
= 0.6 12
+
+ p.4
=
: 2.2(p]
Instructu cycles 12x (PI
=
A I cycles 109 2x109
-"
cocars-ghomom-iocuo
B 4 cycles
hx109
cycle
ee
C I
cr
Worst CPI (Biggest
= instruct took longer cycles)
Smallest I 1 =
(Smallest instructs took I cycle)
ET Instruct =
C5.x CP X Clock cycles
It. X SPI
ET ct
=
Frequency
POWER
* & ENERGY CONSUMER
Types Of PoWER
1. STATIC: - On standby
2. to
Dynamic:-Heeds do activity
↳
Mostly power consumed.
PD CV.g =
- done in BEE. Thanks to Kamla.
C< capicitance
V VoltageIlsed
results P
=
in
f <-
frequency ↑
Unit (PD): Walt on W -
To reduce Power consumpth, reduce voltage consumpth
Energy (Joules
Biggest frequency is with
associated voltage P Vx1
=
z JPCt)
= db
n-> looks at cycles. Slo:- main
manages of . *
staticpoweralwaysemits even without framesee
Use switches to modulate
power usage on
power
islands. Call sloto
manage
the same.
MIPS
Rating:commercialrequirement for selling chips.
MIPS <- Millions of Instructs Per Second
mpsoxte-micro shares sale
ax10, z 4 x 10" miRs 900 MIps
=
upper bound
s
Companies
often advertise Peak MIPS i.e. highest MIPS a
process can get on
any program auth
Program with lowest CPI-high MIPS.
↳ often meaningless
eg:Cif-continue hep)
->
Compass Exover execute
of program for spy performance.
Point -> funct call for
- Floating.
-> converted
into integes so implementati
Amdahl'shave: -
Ratioof improved old winit. Performance on Enemith.
Target diff customers.
self:I
E'
=
caasios + a
=
If Sideal 1
=
SPEC CPU-yea -> benchmarks
SPEC processors will fest
Reference Machine <-
runthe program shown & not in competiti
Different rations for different
programs
asfor
Here use G.M. i.e.
on calculating the reference median.
