Dimensions of Development

Development

• Development is a state of mind, a tendency, a direction rather than a fixed goal. It is a

rate of change in a particular direction. - Edward W. Weidner.

• Development is away from underdevelopment. - Gunnar Myrdal.

• Development means change plus growth. - Dudley Sheer.

• Development is a process of increasing autonomy of the social system made possible by

rising levels of diffractions. -Riggs FW.

Development:

● Economists identify it with economic productivity,

● sociologist with social change or social differentiation,

● Political scientists with democratization, political capacity of expanded

government, administrators with bureaucratization optimum efficiency,

performance or to assume all burdens. - GE Caiden.

Development

● …prior to 1970’ development was nearly always seen as an economic phenomenon in

which rapid gains in overall and per capita GNP growth would either “Trickle down” to
the masses in the form of jobs and other economic opportunities or create the necessary
conditions for the distribution of the economic and social benefits of growth (Michal P.
Todaro, Economic Development, p. 14).

Dimension

• Dimension is a measurable extent of a particular kind, such as length, breadth, depth, or

height. A concept may have more than one dimension.
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 • The dimensions of development is related with Economic, social, political and Natural
aspects of development.

Dimensions of Development

• Development is an overall process, with significant social, political, cultural; political and
human as well as economic dimensions (Norman D Palmer, Quoted by R.K.Sapru,p.14)

• Thus the development is a complex phenomenon comprising many dimensions-Social,

political, economic, administrative and cultural (R.K.Sapru, p.6)

• As written by Bhim Dev Bhatta, the aspects of development are: Economic aspect, Socio-
cultural aspect, geo-political, Technological, and Administration/management aspect.

Pre-conditions for development

• Stable political system,

• Stable administrative system,

• A well-grounded culture,

• A system of planning,

• People’s participation,

• Far sightedness,

• Adequate resources.

Dimensions of Development

● Economic,

• Socio-cultural,

• Geo-political,

• Technological, and

• Administration/management aspect.

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 • Environment Development

Economic Dimension
The economic dimension is related to economic conditions in an area where economic actors are
active. This term may reflect the situation of production, trade, consumption, industry, money,
and profit. In a more general sense, the economic dimension represents general economic health

The economic dimension handles all economic outputs/externalities of the event firm and the
individual event. Values measured range from the direct economic impacts on the host
community and the world- to the more complex indirect impacts, both being of great interest
to event researchers.

Its broadest sense, policies of economic development encompass three major areas:

● Governments undertaking to meet broad economic objectives such as price stability,

high employment, and sustainable growth. Such efforts include monetary and fiscal policies,
regulation of financial institutions, trade, and tax policies'

Stages of Development:

In the 1960s, American economist called W.W. Rostow developed this theory.

There are five stages in Rostow's Stages of Development: traditional society, preconditions
to takeoff, takeoff, drive to maturity, and age of high mas consumption. In the 1960s,
American economist called W.W. Rostov developed this theory.

Components of economic growth

● Natural Resources.

● Physical Capital or Infrastructure.

● Population or Labor.

● Human Capital.

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● Technology.

● Law.

● Economic objectives

Stable markets,

Economic prosperity,

Business development and

Protecting employment

Growth,

Efficiency,

Equity,

There are four major determinants of economic growth: human resources, natural resources,
capital formation and technology, but the importance that researchers had given each
determinant was always different.

● Programs that provide infrastructure and services such as highways, parks, affordable
housing, crime prevention, and education.

● Job creation and retention through specific efforts in

business finance, marketing, neighborhood development, workforce development, small
business development, business retention and expansion, technology transfer, and real
estate development. This third category is a primary focus of economic development
professionals.

• the development of economic wealth of countries, regions or communities for

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 • The well-being of their inhabitants.

• From a policy perspective, economic development can be defined as efforts that seek to
improve the economic well-being and

• Quality of life for a community by creating and/or retaining jobs and supporting or
growing incomes and the tax base (.http://www.svbic.com/node/24 ).

According to Prof. Higgins: Economic Development is the increase in per capita and
national income (NI) of a country.

According to Prof. Meir and Baldwin:

Economic Development is a process whereby the real NI of a country increases over a

long period of time. If the increase in the real NI is more than the population increase
then the per capita real income of the country will also increase.

• In the eyes of Jeff Finkle, who has been President and CEO of the International
Economic Development Council for many years, “economic development is about
creating places where people want to invest, work and live
(https://placebrandobserver.com/what-is-economic-development ).

Key Indicators

1. per Capita Income:

2. Poverty

3. Social and Health Indicators

4. Operational

Human Development Index ( HDI)

• Real income,

• Life expectancy,

• The education index (adult literacy, and years of schooling).

• Economic benefits are benefits that can be quantified in terms of money generated, such
as net income, revenues, etc.

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• It can also be money saved when discussing a policy to reduce costs. ... Businesses will
probably use measures such as net income, net cash flow, or return on investment.
Social Dimension
Social Dimension: Concern for the values, norms, rules, and roles; one of the greatest sources of
influence on human behavior.

The social dimension of development has an imperative role in mitigate the intensity of poverty
consequently.

Social Dimensions of Rural Development: Population Change. 2.2 Culture. 2.3 Social Inclusion.
2.4 Conflict Resolution.

Social wellness is important and vital for our overall well – being. Social wellness involves
relationships and social interaction with other individuals. It is important to practice and
participate in social wellness through all stages of life in order to develop and maintain healthy

relationships and friendships.२०१७

Social development is about improving the well-being of every individual in society so they can
reach their full potential.

The social dimension of sustainable development is concerned primarily with poverty reduction,
social investment and the building of safe and caring communities. In addition to clear goals,
sustainable development provides guidance as to possible means

Social development is the process by which an individual is lead to. Develop actual behavior
according to the standards at his group.

Objectives of Social Development

• Quality reform of Education, Health, Family planning, Housing,

• Welfare and development of Weak people of the Society, specially Scheduled caste,

• Supplementary welfare service,

• Social reform,

• In the process of modernization, both economic and social development has to go hand in
hand a politically developed country (R.K.Sapru p.8).

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 • Raising the level of people’s life is both the objective of development and also its
improvement.

• Eliminating poverty, sustaining economic growth, and improving health, environment,

well-being, and equality etc.
The main objective of social development would be bringing about qualitative growth and
development of society. - It would be no discrimination on any basis and equal opportunities for
all. - Social development would also include good quality dignified life with good education,
health facilities.

Culture for Development Indicators:

Dimensions Sub-dimensions

1. Added value of cultural activities to GDP

Economy 2. Employment in culture
3. Household expenditures on culture

1. Complete, fair and inclusive education for all

2. Valorization of interculturality, cultural diversity and creativity in the first
Education
two years of secondary school
3. Training of professionals in the cultural sector

Heritage 1. Promotion and valorization of heritage

1. Freedom of Expression
Communication 2. Access and Internet use
3. Diversity of media content

1. Standard-setting framework for culture

Governance and 2. Policy and institutional framework for culture
Institutionality 3. Distribution of cultural infrastructure
4. Civil society participation in cultural governance

Social 1. Participation in cultural activities

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 2. Trust
Participation
3. Freedom of self-determination

Hindrances of Social develop

• Lacking people’s participation

• Lack of education,

• Political instability,

• Lack of financial resources,

• Lack of social reformer,

• security,
• Freedom.

Important components of social competence

● Self-regulation. ...
● Interpersonal knowledge and skills. ...
● Positive self-identity. ...
● Cultural competence. ...
● Adopting social values. ...
● Planning and decision-making skills.

Importance of social development

● Develop language skills. Build self-esteem. ...

● Strengthen learning skills.
● Resolve conflicts.
● Establish positive attitude.

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● More and Better Relationships ·
● Better Communication ·
● Greater Efficiency · Advancing Career Prospects ·
● Increased Overall Happiness.

Political Dimension

Political development can be defined as an increase in national political unity and an increase in
political participation.

The scope of political science is vast and experts have divided the field of political science into
five sub-disciplines that are political theory, public administration, comparative politics,
international relations, and public law

The different goal with which political development has been identified includes democracy,
stability, legitimacy, identity penetration, distribution, integration, rationalization,
bureaucratization, security, welfare, justice, liberty etc.

The purpose of politics is to enable the members of a society to collectively achieve important
human goals they cannot otherwise achieve individually.

Objectives or elements of Political Development

• Equality,

• Capacity,

• Differentiation and Specialization,

• Differentiation in organization and increase in specialization,

Political aspect

• Lucian Pye in his work ‘Aspects of Political Development’ has very systematically
explained the different ways in which political Development has been defined by various
political scientists

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 (1) As the Political Pre-requisite of Economic Development,

(2) As the Politics Typical of Industrial Societies,

(3) As Political Modernization,

(4) As the Operation of the Nation State,

(5) As Administrative and Legal Development,

(6) As Mass Mobilization and Participation,

(7) As the Building of Democracy,

(8) As Stability and Orderly Change,

(9) As Mobilization and Power,

(10) As one Aspect of a Multi-Dimensional Process of Social Change

Technological dimension
Technological Dimension of Development: The word, technology, is derived from the Greek
word “technologia”, which embodies the terms techne, meaning craft or an art, and
“logia”, meaning study or an area of study. Thus, technology means a study of the science of
crafting, with crafting understood as a specific form of knowledge of doing something.
Technology, thus, consists in the human use of the knowledge of tools and crafts to solve
existential problems, meet basic human needs, and perhaps put the environment firmly under
human control

Technology has also empowered humans to have control over the environment in ways that have
enhanced human well-being. For instance, food production and distribution has been greatly
improved through the production and use of industrial tractors, fertilizers, chemicals for pest
control and modern means of transportation.

Technological dimension includes scientific and technological advancements in the industry and
society at large.

The technological dimension was regrouped into three components: technology transfer,
collaborative innovation and technical routines.

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 Technological Dimension: Concern for methods and tools used to accomplish tasks.

Technology refers to the use of tools, machines, materials, techniques and sources of power to
make work easier and more productive

Technology has brought about efficiency and quality in the manufacturing sector. Technological
advancement has reduced the risk involved in manufacturing enterprises.

Objectives of technology

is to enable the effective sharing of data to address some of society's biggest challenges and help
individuals and organizations be more innovative, efficient, and productive

Technology has made great progress not only in daily life but also in medical field. It can quickly convey
human thoughts to other people

Technology has certainly made our lives easier as it improved the ways we carry out our daily
activities

Importance of Technology

● Ease of Access to Information. The World Wide Web, abbreviated as www has made the world a
social village.
● Saves Time.
● Ease of Mobility.
● Better Communication Means.
● Cost Efficiency.
● Innovation In Many Fields.
● Improved Banking.
● Better Learning Techniques.

Administrative Dimension
Office administration (shortened as Office Ad and abbreviated as OA) is a set of day-to-day
activities that are related to the maintenance of an office building, financial planning, record

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keeping and billing, personal development, physical distribution and logistics, within an
organization.

Bureaucracy has several important functions in developing the nation such as Implementation,
Administration and Regulation.

Administrative dimension is thus crucial to the reform of local government finances. As indicated,
the implementation of local government finance reforms...

Managing and Reforming Modern Public Services: The Financial Management Dimension.

Office administration is a set of day-to-day activities that are related to the maintenance of an
office building, financial planning, record keeping and billing, personal development,
physical distribution and logistics, within an organization.

Objectives of Administrative development

In essence the can be summarized as: Building decision making capabilities.

Development of skill and specialization to tackle complex issues in the personnel.

Giving importance to training, effective use of technology to bring about change in

Administrative approach.

Importance of development administration

Development of skill and specialization to tackle complex issues in the personnel. Giving
importance to training, effective use of technology to bring about change in Administrative
approach. Increasing administrative capacity, capabilities, removing corruption and bringing in
more accountability.

Environment Development
Environment is defined here as the entirety of the physical world consisting of the world's land
masses, oceans, and atmosphere.

The aim of sustainable development

Is to balance our economic, environmental and social needs, allowing prosperity for now and
future generations. ... These include social progress and equality, environmental protection,
conservation of natural resources and stable economic growth.

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Importance of environmental development

Polluted land, air, and water will severely affect our quality of life and the ability of local
communities and the larger society to thrive. In short, environmental sustainability
is fundamental to the survival of our planet and us
Environment plays an important role in healthy living and the existence of life on planet
earth. Earth is a home for different living species and we all are dependent on the environment
for food, air, water, and other needs. Therefore, it is important for every individual to save and
protect our environment.

Conclusion:
Development is concerned with different dimensions. One dimension is not the destination of
development. Multi-dimension is necessary for development.

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