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Ortho401 Lec1

The document discusses orthodontics and the growth and development of the head. It defines key terms related to orthodontics like masticatory apparatus, dentofacial, aims of orthodontics. It also defines terms related to growth and development like growth, development, growth increment, maturation, remodeling, relocation, primary displacement, and secondary displacement.

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dr.h.elseoudi
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
39 views17 pages

Ortho401 Lec1

The document discusses orthodontics and the growth and development of the head. It defines key terms related to orthodontics like masticatory apparatus, dentofacial, aims of orthodontics. It also defines terms related to growth and development like growth, development, growth increment, maturation, remodeling, relocation, primary displacement, and secondary displacement.

Uploaded by

dr.h.elseoudi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction
*What is meant by orthodontics?
It’s a Greek word, (Ortho = correct, dontic = tooth).
Definition: It is the dental science concerned with growth and
development of the masticatory apparatus as well as the diagnosis,
prevention and treatment of dentofacial abnormalities.

dentofacial ‫ وتظبيط ال‬maxillary apparatus ‫الل بيهتم بنمو ال‬


‫االورثو عبارة عن العلم ي‬
‫ن‬
‫الكلمتي دول‬ ‫ن‬
‫يعن ايه‬
‫ طب ي‬,abnormalities

*Masticatory apparatus: it includes the teeth, tongue, and muscles of


mastication
*Dentofacial: orthodontic doesn’t concern the teeth only, it concerns the
face too
...‫ وزي م الدكتور بتحب تقول‬,‫ بس الن االورثو بيهتم باالسنان والوجه برضو‬dental ‫ماقولناش‬
{Look at the patient as whole not as a hole}

*Aims of Orthodontics:
1. Restoration of proper function of the masticatory apparatus and
provide esthetic harmony.
‫ لكن بنهتم بالشكل برضو‬functions‫مش بس بنهتم بال‬
2. Correct & prevent abnormalities of the masticatory organs to restore
conditions for normal growth and development as early as possible.
masticatory organs‫ لو عندهم مشاكل ف ال‬early growing patients‫ن يف حاالت ال‬

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growth modification ‫ نقدر نتدخل و نعملهم‬deficient maxilla / mandible ‫زي‬

3. Prevention of gum diseases and caries produced by irregular teeth.


‫ والقصة دي‬plaque ‫الل بيعمل‬
‫ ي‬food accumulation ‫ بتعمل‬irregular teeth‫الن ال‬

4. Prevention or correction of speech difficulties (e.g. lisping)


- Not all types of malocclusion lead to speech difficulties
- teeth position, angulation & arch shape of both jaws, tongue position,
orofacial musculature, and the harmony between these structures, are all
necessary to produce correct speech & pronunciation
5. Prevention of trauma of the anterior teeth. (due to protrusion of teeth
and/or jaws)
trauma ‫الطبيع بتتعرض ل‬ ‫أكت من‬ ‫ تكون طالعة لقدام ر‬anterior‫يعن لما األسنان ال‬
‫ن‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
6. Prevention of the harmful abnormal oral habits that can affect the
occlusion.
7. Prevention of traumatic and faulty occlusion to protect the masticatory
apparatus and TMJ.
- Not all types of malocclusion are traumatic
‫ و دي طبعا بتسبب مشاكل‬,)‫الل ن يف الصورة‬
‫ (زي ي‬faulty occlusion ‫ او ال‬Traumatic ‫ال‬
TMJ‫ن يف المضغ او يف ال‬
‫ن‬

a. Cross bite b. edge to edge


c. open bite d. cross bite posteriorly
8. Aid normal closure of the lips.
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- There is a direct relation between malocclusion & lip position (e.g.


proclination of upper incisors causes incompetent lips)
‫ ممكن تعمل مشكلة فن‬malocclusion ‫ فلو نف‬lip position‫المكان ال فيه األسنان بيحدد ال‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
lip‫قفلة ال‬
9. Correction of abnormal relationship of the condyle and glenoid fossa.
centric relation and ‫ بيتظبطوا مع بعض عن طريق ال‬glenoid fossa‫ وال‬condyle‫ال‬
)🚶‍♀️ ‫ (طبعا مش فاكرين الفرق بينهم‬centric occlusion
‫ عالقة‬centric occlusion‫ لكن ال‬bone to bone ‫ دا عالقة ال‬centric relation‫* ال‬
‫ و اي مشاكل فيهم‬،coincide with each other ‫الطبيع بيكونوا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ ن يف‬,)tooth to tooth‫ال‬
TMJ disorders ‫بتعمل‬

Growth and development of the head

*Definitions: ‫ تعريفات هنستعملهم كتت بعدين‬8 ‫هناخد ن يف االول‬


‫ليها ر‬
1. Growth: ‫اكت من تعريف‬
Increase of the size and the magnitude (number).
The sum of all morphologic and physiologic changes in the
organism from conception till death and it reaches its maximum
potential at maturity.
‫الل حصلت لالنسان ن يف حياته‬
‫كل تغتات النمو ي‬
Normal change in the amount of living substance.
‫ ممكن‬,increasing ‫ مش رشط يكون‬growth‫ النهم لقوا ان ال‬...‫ليه قالوا التعريف دا؟‬
‫ن‬
‫معي بتدأ تصغر‬ ‫بتيج عند سن‬
‫تكت لكن ر ي‬ ‫ بتفضل ر‬adenoids‫ زي ال‬decrease ‫يكون‬
N.B: growth is a continuous process; It never stops, it only declines to adult
levels
adult ‫ مش بيقف ابدا هو بيوصل لحالة ثبات ن يف ال‬growth‫ال‬
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2. Development:
The increase in complexity of the organism, accompanying the
progressive function throughout the life of the organism (progress
towards the maturity)
All the different events occurring for growth to happen (from
fertilization of the oval till the death).
fertilization of the oval ‫كل تطور ن يف الوظائف حصل لالنسان من ساعة ماحصل‬
death‫لغاية ال‬
3. Growth increment:
The amount of growth per unit time
growth ‫ بتاع ال‬rate‫كأنه ال‬

4. Maturation (=Ripening):
All organs are mature and growth has ceased.

5. Remodeling:
Is the change (increase) in size and shape of bone by differential
deposition & resorption on inner & outer surface, where
deposition is slightly more than resorption resulting in
enlargement during remodeling.
‫) ر‬deposition‫ لما يكون البناء (ال‬growth ‫بيحصل‬
)reposition‫اكت من الهدم (ال‬
‫ بيحصل‬reposition‫ وال‬osteoblast‫ بيحصل من برة بخاليا ال‬deposition ‫*ال‬
osteoclast‫من جوا بخاليا ال‬

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6. Relocation:
sequential movement of component parts as bone enlarges.
** It is the basis for remodeling.
‫ فتأثته بيبان عل مستوى‬remodeling‫ الصغتة بيبان عل شكل ال‬bone‫ ن يف اجزاء ال‬growth ‫ال‬
relocation‫ الكبتة عل شكل ال‬bone‫ال‬
‫ زي م اكون واقفة ن يف مكان‬,‫بيكت مع بعض مرة واحدة‬ ‫ن ن‬
‫ كله ر‬bone‫ ال‬relocation‫يعن يف ال‬
‫ي‬
‫الل بيتحرك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬
‫اع مثال بس هو ي‬ ‫ببق واقفة ودر ي‬
‫ ي‬remodeling‫تان لكن ال‬
‫كل لمكان ي‬
‫واتحرك ي‬
** e.g. mandible grows by relocation by resorption at the anterior
border of ramus and deposition posteriorly to provide a space for eruption of
the teeth.
‫فض‬‫ن‬
‫ لورا وبت ي‬relocation ‫ وراها فبيحصللها‬deposition ‫ و‬ramus‫ قدام ال‬resorption ‫بيحصل‬
molars ‫مكان قدامها لل‬

7. Primary displacement:
Movement of bone in opposite direction of its
own growth.
‫بتق برجله ورا حرف حمام السباحة‬ ‫ لما يجوا ن ن‬,‫السباحي‬
‫يتلوا مسابقة ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫زي‬
‫ فهو كدا ن‬first push ‫عشان ياخد ال‬
‫بتق لورا لكنه بيطلع قدام‬
‫ بيتحط‬bone‫ اتجاه النمو بيكون عكس ماا ال‬,‫الل بيحصل هنا‬ ‫ودا ي‬

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8. Secondary Displacement:
Movement of bone in the same direction of
growth of other adjacent or distant bones.
‫الل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫زي مايكون واحد ر‬
‫بتكت وبتق ي‬
‫ ر‬bone ‫فق حتة‬ ‫ ي‬,‫ماش وبتق حد قدامه‬
‫ي‬
‫قدامها معاها‬
bone‫يعن ممكن ال‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
‫ ي‬,other adjacent or distant bones ‫يعن ايه‬‫*طب ر ي‬
‫هتكت او تكون بعيدة عنها‬ ‫الل‬ ‫ن‬
‫ر‬ ‫الل هتتق تكون جنب ي‬‫ي‬

، cranial base ‫ من فوق عند ال‬growth ‫ يحصللها‬maxilla ‫يعن مثال ن يف الصورة دي لما ال‬
‫ي‬
‫ن‬
‫ه‬ ‫هتتحرك لتحت ن‬
‫ ي‬cranial base ‫كن لما ال‬ ‫ ل‬،)primary displacement( ‫يعن عكس االتجاه‬ ‫ي‬
growth ‫ هتتحرك لتحت ن يف نفس اتجاه ال‬maxilla‫ ال‬،‫ ن يف نفس المكان ده‬growth ‫ال يحصلها‬ ‫ي‬
‫ر‬
)secondary displacement( ‫ فكده بق‬cranial base ‫بتاع ال‬

‫ن‬
‫ر ي‬
‫الهستولوج (مش مطلوب تفاصيل المفروض ي‬
)🙂 ‫يعن‬ ‫ندخل ب ر يق ن يف كالم‬

*Methods of bone formation and growth:


- There are 2 methods of deposition and calcification of bone tissue
- Directly (occurs with intramembranous bone)
- Indirectly (occurs with endochondral bone)

‫ ؟‬endochondral‫ وال‬intramembranous ‫الل هما ال‬ ‫ن‬


‫ ي‬bone‫ليه فيه نوعي من ال‬
‫وبالتال لو عملت عليه‬
‫ي‬ )blood vessels ‫ (فيه‬vascularized ‫ دا‬bone‫ الن ال‬-
vascularized ‫ مش‬cartilage‫ عكس ال‬,resorption ‫ هيحصله‬pressure

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‫) ن يف االماكن‬cartilage ‫ طالع من‬bone ‫ (ودا‬endochondral bone ‫عشان كدا بيتحط‬


condyles‫ و ال‬joints‫ زي ال‬pressure‫المعرضة لل‬

1. Directly (intramembranous bone formation):


- Found in areas that are not subjected to pressure. (subjected to tension)
pressure ‫بيج عليها‬ ‫ن‬
‫الل مش ر ي‬
‫زي م قولنا ان النوع دا بيكون يف االماكن ي‬
- Undifferentiated mesenchymal cell that is found in membranous
connective differentiate into osteoblasts.
- Osteoblasts lay down osteoid matrix (or intercellular substance) that is
calcified into bone.
‫عل طول‬ ‫ر‬
‫ بيتكون مباشة ي‬bone‫ عشان ال‬directly ‫ببساطة العملية دي اسمها‬
‫طب بتحصل العملية دي ازاي؟‬
‫ر‬
‫وبتبق‬ ‫ دي خاليا لسه ماتحددش نوعها‬undifferentiated mesenchymal cells‫ال‬
‫ي‬
‫ وبعدها‬osteoblasts‫ الخاليا دي بتتحول ل‬...membranous C.T‫موجودة ن يف ال‬
bone ‫ويبق‬‫ ر‬calcification ‫ الل بيحصله‬osteoid matrix ‫بتحط‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬

- The outer surface of this bone called periosteum (tough fibrous tissue)
and the inner surface called endosteum.

Membranous Undifferentiated Osteoid


Osteoblasts Bone
CT mesenchymal matrix
cells

(intramembranous bone formation‫) ملخص ال‬

- Intramembranous bone is found in;


1. Cranial vault (made up of number of intramembranous flat bones)
2. Maxilla
3. Parts of the mandible (the other are endochondral as condyle)

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**The sutures:
- The cranial vault is made up of flat bones formed only by
intramembranous bone formation
- The junction between the bones of the cranial vault are called sutures
- The suture is a 5 layered structure composed of CT and variety of cell
types like osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
skull bones‫بي ال‬‫ دي ه الفواصل الل ن‬suture‫ال‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫؟ عشان عبارة عن‬5 layered ‫طيب ليه بنقول‬
- Intermediate layer
- 2 fibrous layers of periosteum (one on each side)
- 2 osteogenic layers of periosteum (one on each side)
‫ن‬
‫العضمتي‬ ‫ن‬
‫ بتوع‬periosteum ‫بطبقتي من ال‬ ‫ ومتغطية من كل ناحية‬،‫يعن ن يف طبقة ن يف النص‬
‫ي‬
‫ن‬

‫؟‬cranial vault‫ لل‬growth ‫طب ازاي بيحصل‬


- Remodeling and growth occur primarily at the periosteum-lined areas
between adjacent skull bones (sutures).
growth‫ال بيحصل فيه ال‬
‫اش ي‬ ‫ده المكان األس ي‬
- Remodeling also changes the surface of the flat bones by removal of
bone from inner surface (resorption) while at the same time bone is
added to outer surface (apposition).
*Apposition = deposition.
‫ فب ن‬sutures ‫بي ال‬
‫تيد من برا ويقل من جوا‬ ‫ ال ن‬bone‫ عل ال‬remodeling ‫بس كمان بيحصل‬
‫ي‬
cranial vault ‫فتكت ال‬‫ر‬
- Apposition of new bone at these sutures is the major mechanism for
growth of cranial vault
sutures ‫ عند ال‬apposition ‫ هنا هو ال‬growth ‫ال بيحصل بيها‬
‫الطريقة األساسية ي‬
*mechanism of growth: apposition at the sutures
*mechanism of bone formation: intramembranous
**Note; in case of intramembranous bone formation, interstitial growth
within the mineralized mass is impossible & the bone must be formed
entirely by apposition of new bone to the surface.
‫ دايما العضم الجديد بيتكون عل السطح من برا‬bone formation‫يعن ن يف النوع ده من ال‬
‫ي‬
‫ن‬
mineralization ‫ال حصل له‬ ‫ن‬
‫مستحيل يتكون يف نص العضم ي‬
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2. Indirectly (endochondral bone formation) (cartilage replacement):


- Found in areas subjected to pressure.
- Original mesenchymal cells first differentiated into chondroblasts that
will form the cartilage.
- Cartilage undergo hypertrophy and secrete matrix.
- This matrix becomes calcified leading to degeneration of cells.
- Then the osteogenic tissues invade the disintegrating cartilage and
replace it into bone.
bone‫ مش بتتحول ل‬mesenchymal cells‫ الن‬...‫؟‬indirect ‫اول حاجة ليه الطريقة دي اسمها‬
‫ر‬
bone ‫ يتحول ل‬cartilage‫ االول وبعدها ال‬cartilage‫ ألة دي بتتحول ل‬,‫مباشة‬
‫ بتتحول‬undifferentiated mesenchymal cells‫الل بيحصل بالتفصيل ان ال‬ ‫ي‬
cartilage‫ بعدها بيحصل تضخم لل‬,cartilage‫الل بتكون ال‬
‫الل بتكون ال ي‬
‫ ي‬chondroblasts‫ل‬
matrix‫ويتكون ال‬
‫ن‬
osteogenic ‫وف الوقت دا بتدخل ال‬
‫ وتبدأ تتحلل ي‬matrix calcification ‫بعدها بيحصل‬
endochondral bone ‫ المتفككة الباقية ل‬cartilage ‫ ويحول ال‬tissues

Undifferentiated Invaded by
chondroblasts Lay down cartilage bone
mesenchymal Differentiate osteogenesis
cells d

)endochondral bone formation‫(ملخص ال‬

- Endochondral bone is found in:


1. Parts of the mandible (condyle – midline symphysis ↓‫الل باالحمر دي‬
‫) ي‬.
2. Maxilla (nasal cartilage).
‫ر‬
3. Synchondrosis at the base of the skull. )‫(هتتشح‬
4. Epiphysis of long bone.

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 the Functional Matrix theory by Moss


many theories explain growth, the most accepted one is the functional
matrix theory, which suggests that growth of bone is enhanced by soft tissue
growth that results in either separation of sutures or creation of space where
“bone fill in” takes place
،‫ بيحصل‬growth‫ بتفش ازاي ال‬moss ‫ احسنهم نظرية لعالم اسمه‬،growth‫ن يف نظريات كتت لل‬
‫بيكت‬
‫ مثال ر‬brain‫يعن ال‬ ‫ن‬
‫ ي‬،‫يكت‬
‫ ر‬bone‫فبيخل ال‬
‫ي‬ ،‫بيكت األول‬
‫ال ر‬‫ هو ي‬soft tissue‫بيقول فيها ان ال‬
‫مل‬
‫ فهيكون مسافة هتت ي‬،sutures ‫ عند ال‬tension ‫ ويعمل‬،cranial vault ‫فبيضغط عل ال‬
bone apposition‫بال‬
orbit‫ بتفضل ال‬،‫عي صناعية‬‫ والدليل عل النظرية دي ان لو حد فقد عينه وهو صغت وركبناله ن‬-
‫ال فيها عينه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
‫بتكت لكن الناحية ي‬
‫العي مش ر‬ ‫العي الصناعية صغتة عشان‬ ‫ال فيها‬
‫يف الناحية ي‬
‫هتكت عادي‬
‫ر‬ ‫الحقيقية‬

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Differential growth:
Different growth rates & times of different body tissues
For example:- The growth of the nerves is faster than the genital growth in the
first 7 years of life
Scammon's growth curve:
- This curve illustrates that different tissues in our body grow with
different rates.
- It includes the growth curves of the 4 major tissue systems

1)somatic (general) growth:


• It is the general body growth
• It grows very slowly in early childhood until puberty (10-11 years)
• During puberty (growth spurt (explained in page15)), It increases very fast
until it reaches its maximum at 18-20 years
• After reaching 18- 20 years (adult level), It declines gradually to adult
level (but never stops)

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‫ بس هو مش بيقف هوبيقل بس ألن‬،‫سنة النمو بيقف‬٢٠ ‫بالنسبة لينا احنا بنحس ان عند سن‬
، ‫ ف لو النمو وقف خالص ها نفضل نصغر فى الحجم‬Bone resorption ‫جسمنا علطول بيعمل‬
stopped ‫مش‬Declined ‫عشان كدة مهم اوى نقول‬
2)Neural growth:
• It is the growth of the nervous system
• It increases slightly before birth.
• After birth, it grows very fast attaining nearly 100% of its growth, until 7
years
• After 7 years it remains constant
Note: after 7 years, the brain doesn’t increase in growth, but increases in
development (complexity)
3) lymphatic growth:
• It is the growth of the lymphatic system such as the adenoids & the
tonsils )‫)اللوز‬
• It increases very fast prepubertally (reaches 200% at 10-11 years)
• After 10-11 years, it declines very rapidly and sharply until it reaches
adult level (18-20 years)
• Starting from adult level, it remains stable in a steady form (no increase
or decrease)
‫ سنة تقريبا وبعدها بتقل جامد اوى‬11 ‫طيب يبقى احنا قولنا انها بتكبر جامد و بسرعة اوى فى اول‬
‫هل يستاهل نعمله‬،‫ سنين‬1٠ ‫يبقى كده لو طفل جالو التهاب لوز جامد وهو عنده‬،‫وبسرعة اوى‬
‫ كلها على بعدها‬lymphoid tissue ‫عملية ونشله اللوز ؟ اكيد ال ما كلها سنة أو أقل وهالقى إل‬
‫سنين مثال و‬5 ‫ لكن لما يبقى فى طفل عمال يجيلوالتهاب لوز كل شوية وهو عنده‬،‫صغرت وقلت‬
‫تعباه يبقى اه دا فعأل يستاهل اشيله اللوز‬
4) Genital growth:
• It begins very slow until growth spurt (will be illustrated in Page15)
• Then it increases sharply and rapidly and reaches full development at
the spurt
But how do we grow? ‫يعنى إحنا بنكبر لفوق وال لتحت ؟‬

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‫يعنى ايه ؟ يعنى‬،‫لحد ما اكتشفوا اننا بنكبر من فوق لتحت‬،‫وهللا تكاثرت األقاويل فى الموضوع دا‬
‫و مع الوقت بيبدأوا يكبرو‬،‫مثالً نشوف األطفال هتالقى ان راسهم كبيرة بالنسبة لجسمهم مش زينا‬
from head to toe ‫يبقى كده جسمنا بينمو‬،ً‫لتحت يعنى رجليهم هي اللى بتطول لتحت مثال‬
‫ نترجم بقى‬.(Cephalo – caudal )
Our body grows in a cephalo-caudal direction (from head to toe),as proven
by the head to body ratio which is great in the new-born and small in the
adults (because the limbs grow more than the rest of the body), This is called
the CEPHALO – CAUDAL GRADIENT OF GROWTH
Direction of growth: cephalocaudal (change in body proportions occurs in
this direction)
In the foetus: the head is 50% of the body proportion.
At birth: the head is almost 30% and the growth of the limbs is faster.
In the adult: the limbs are half the person’s height
‫يعني الجسم بيطول لتحت فاألول الراس بتكون كبيرة وبعدين باقي الجسم يفضل يطول لحد ما تبقى‬
‫االيدين نص طول الجسم‬

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Cephalo- caudal gradient of growth:


It says that there is an axis of increased growth extending from the head
towards the feet. Structures which are far from brain grow more compared
to Parts near to brain (They grow larger but slower)
So, after what we have explained, which type of growth does the maxilla
follow?
‫ طبعا ألنها عضم‬somatic growth‫هنا احنا ما نقصدش نوع النمو ألن لو كده ها تكون من إل‬
‫بس هنا احنا نقصدهي ها تمشى فى سرعتها مع انهى نوع؟ فاكرين لما قولنا ان اقرب حاجات لل‬،
‫يبقى ها‬،،‫ يعتبر‬brain ‫ الزقة فى ال‬maxilla ‫هي اللى بتكبر األول و األسرع ؟ وطبعا إل‬brain
‫تمشى بنفس سرعة نمو المخ تقريبا‬
So, growth of the maxilla follows the neural growth
‫طيب استفدت انا ايه كدة لما عرفت هى ماشية مع انهى نوع؟‬
‫ ها تقدر تضبطهالوا بس قبل سبع‬maxilla ‫انت كدة عرفت ان لو طفل عنده مشكلة فى عضم ال‬
‫ اللى شبه بيثبت عند‬neural growth‫ بتمشى مع ال‬maxilla‫ألننا قلنا ان إل‬،‫تمن سنين بالكثير‬
‫اى تعديل بعد كده يا أما مش ها ينفع يا أما ها‬،‫لو سبته لغاية اما يعدى السن دا‬،‫سبع تمن سنين‬
‫يبقى عشان كده الزم الحقه قبل ما يكمل الثمن سنين‬،‫يحتاج جراحه و دى مضاعفاتها وحشة اوى‬
*Because the maxilla follows the neural growth, any growth modifications
should be made before 7-8 years, after that it would be so hard to modify
due to calcification of all the sutures
☆The growth of the mandible follows the general body growth (because it
is further away from the brain than maxilla)
‫ هتكون لسه بتكبر؟‬mandible‫ هتوصل حجمها الكامل وال‬maxilla‫طيب مش معنى كده ان ال‬
‫ وبيتصلح‬Maxilla‫ مقارنة بال‬deficiency in size of mandible‫ سنين بيكون في‬7 ‫فعال عند‬
‫ هناخدها‬mechanisms ‫بعدين ب‬

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GROWTH SPURT:
It is the shooting of all parts of the body leading to a temporary disturbance
in the relationship of different body parts (because certain parts of the body
grow more massively than other parts ).It takes place at about the age of 11-
13 in girls and 13-15 in boys.
‫ودا بيخلى جسمنا مش متناسق خالص فى فترة‬،‫يعنى هو السن اللى فيه فجأة بنطول و نكبر جامد‬
‫ دى عشان كدة مش بنحب نشوف صورنا فى السن دا ألن حتت بتطول اكتر‬Growth spurt ‫إل‬
‫بس بعد الفترة دى الجسم يرجع ينسق نفسه تانى‬.‫من حتت‬
Q) What is the effect of growth spurt on the 4 types of growth?
1) General body growth: It occurs and happens rapidly
2) Neural growth: no effect (already stopped at 7 years)
3) lymphoid growth: declines rapidly and sharply (shrinkage of
lymphoids takes place)
4) Genital growth: Increases rapidly and sharply
Q) Why are boys taller and more huge than girls?
Because the spurt starts later in boys and is longer than in girls
‫ احنا بنفضل نكبر قبلها اكيد بس ب‬،‫ بس‬spurt ‫اوال الزم نبقى عارفين اننا مش بنكبر وقت ال‬
‫ النمو يعتبر بيقف خالص سواء أنت بدأت ال‬spurt ‫ وبعد ال‬،spurt‫ اقل بكثير من وقت ال‬rate
‫ متأخر بيبقى عنده‬spurt ‫ طب وبعدين؟ اهو دا معناه ان اللى يبدأ إل‬،‫ بدرى وال متأخر‬spurt
‫ لكن اللى بيبدا‬، spurt ‫ وبعدها يكبر جامد فى ال‬spurt‫فرصة انه يفضل يكبر وحده وحده لغاية ال‬
‫ بدرى مابيلحقش ياخد راحته فى أنه يكبر واحده واحده قبلها فا يدوب اللى بيكبره بيكون‬spurt‫إل‬
‫ بعد البنات و بيقعدوا فتره‬spurt ‫ وعشان الوالد بيبدأو ال‬.‫ و بيقف بعدها‬spurt mainly ‫فى إل‬
.‫اطول فيها فبيكون حجمهم أكبر‬
Q) Why do we find some girls taller than boys, or find very short boys?
Because according to the skeletal age, some girls start the growth spurt too
late and become very tall(This is called late maturer), and some boys start it
too early so they become too short ( early maturer).
‫بس هل دا ماشى على كل‬،‫ سنة‬15-13 ‫ سنة و الوالد‬13-11 ‫طيب احنا قولنا انه فى البنات من‬
‫طب دا بيتحدد بإيه؟‬،‫ عادى‬15 ‫او بعد ال‬11 ‫ممكن ناس تبدأ قبل ال‬،‫الناس؟ أل مش كلنا زى بعض‬
‫ ودا بيختلف من شخص‬skeleton ‫دا بيكون النمو بتاع ال‬، skeletal growth ‫بحاجة اسمها ال‬
genital and ‫ ها يبدأ امتى وبالتالى بيحدد ال‬growth spurt ‫ودا اللى بيحدد ال‬،‫للتانى‬
‫ ها يبدأو امتى‬general body growth
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☆Due to the variation of skeletal age between people, the options and time
of treatment for each individual is different
‫ بدرى فا‬calcification of the sutures ‫ بدري فا ها يحصله‬spurt ‫يعنى واحد مثال ها يبدأ ال‬
‫ أكثر‬options ‫ بدري وكل ما الحقه بدري كل ما ها يبقى ليه‬Treatment ‫دا الزم ابدأ له ال‬
Importance of the growth spurt:
1. Growth modification can be done on patients with growth problems
only during the spurt. If delayed, the patient might need orthognathic
surgery at a later age to correct the problem.
growth modification ‫ سنين؟ ده في حالة اني هعمل‬7 ‫ الزم قبل‬maxilla‫طيب مش قلنا فوق ال‬
neural growth ‫ بس عشان هي تبع ال‬maxilla ‫ال‬
2. The spurt is longer and later in boys than in girls; that’s why:
a. boys tend to be taller than girls.
b. the timing of growth modification in girls is more critical.
‫عشان الفترة بتبقى اقصر في البنات الزم اهتم بيها عشان الحق اصلحلها المشكلة لو عندها‬
3. It occurs at different ages in different people of the same gender due to
different maturational ages. Thus, the spurt is not just determined by
the chronological age, it’s determined by the skeletal age
Q) How to determine the skeletal age and time of spurt of a patient?
Using hand wrist x-ray, MP3 or lateral cephalometric x-ray.

‫ بس مش علينا‬spurt ‫يعني بنقول للعيان يعمل اشعة من دول وبنشوف حاجات فيهم بتعرفنا وقت ال‬
‫ عشان كده كده هقول للعيان يعمله عشان اعمل‬lateral cephalometric ‫ وأحسن نوع ال‬،‫نعرفهم‬
diagnosis

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‫‪#Helper_team‬‬

‫?‪Q) When is the best time for orthodontic treatment‬‬


‫‪The American orthodontic association stated that we can start orthodontic‬‬
‫‪treatment starting from the age of 6 years old (age of replacement by‬‬
‫)‪permanent teeth‬‬
‫عشان ده السن الي بتبدأ تطلع فيه ال ‪permanent‬‬
‫‪- because preventive/interceptive will reduce the severity of malocclusion‬‬
‫‪later on, and if the patient has problems in the growth of his bones, they can‬‬
‫‪be corrected in 9 months using a removable acrylic appliance (to modify and‬‬
‫)‪correct his growth‬‬
‫دلوقتى لو طفل عنده مشكلة فى نمو عضم الفك أو بينمو فى اتجاه غلط‪ ،‬فا دا سببله‬
‫‪ malocclusion‬فى ال‪ deciduous teeth‬مثالً‪ ،‬ماينفعش اقوله استنى بقى لما تتم ‪ 14-1٢‬سنة‬
‫تكون بدلت كل سنانك وبعدها نبقى نعمل تقويم‪ ،‬ليه بقى ما أجلوش؟ عشان لما يكون نمو عضمه‬
‫غلط و استنى عليه ما الحقهوش ها يزيد ال‪ malocclusion‬دا وها يكون كمان العضم حصله‬
‫‪ calcification‬جامد و التعديل ها يكون اصعب‪ ،‬فا كده بدل ما في ‪ ٩‬شهور بس وهو عنده ‪٦‬‬
‫سنين اضبطله الدنيا بحاجة ‪ removable‬و اريحه‪ ،‬هايضطر يستنى سنين لغاية ما يبدل سنانه‬
‫كلها وكمان ساعتها ها يعمل سنتين تقويم‪.‬‬
‫وفى دكاترة يقولك استنى ما تكمل ‪18‬سنة‪ 18 ،‬سنة دى لو هو عنده ‪severe malocclusion‬‬
‫اللى من ساعة ال ‪ Deciduous‬بسبب ال ‪ defected bony growth‬دا هيخليه يدخل‬
‫جراحة‪ orthognathic surgery‬وبنج كلى بقا ومضاعفات قوية وبعدها ها عمله تقويم سنتين‬
‫بردو دا لو العملية نجحت‪.‬‬
‫يبقى انت كدكتور شاطر ومذاكر أورثو كويس‪ ،‬لما يجيلك طفل عنده ‪٦‬سنين أو أكثر وعنده‬
‫‪ deciduous malocclusion‬و ‪ ، defective jaw growth‬ها تمشيه وتقوله استنى كمان ‪8‬‬
‫سنين لما تبدل سنانك وال تلحقه ب ‪ removable appliance‬في ‪ ٩‬شهور بس؟‬

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