UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

ALUBIJID L CAGAYAN DE ORO L CLAVERIA L JASAAN L PANAON L OROQUIETA

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE OF ARCHITECTURE_3A_A1

PROPOSED CENTRAL MARKET

(TABU-AN)

ARCH 315: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 5 (SPACE PLANNING 2)

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

SUBMITTED BY:

KEZSA MARIE S. BACAS

ARCH 3A_A1

SUBMITTED TO:

AR. ANGELETH P. MONSANTO

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 5 INSTRUCTOR

OCTOBER 2023

1|Page
 I. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA:
CENTRAL MARKET (TABU-AN)
THIS IS A SPECIAL YEAR FOR ARCHINEXT, A PLATFORM THAT'S BEEN AROUND FOR TEN YEARS, OFFERING
STUDENTS OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE WORLD OF DESIGN AND INNOVATION. THEIR 10TH-ANNIVERSARY
PROJECT SHOULD BE IMPACTFUL, NOT JUST IN TERMS OF DESIGN BUT ALSO IN HELPING THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMY.
ONE KEY PROJECT IDEA IS TO CREATE A MARKET WHERE PEOPLE CAN FIND LOCAL PRODUCTS, CRAFTS, AND FOOD. SINCE
TOURISM IS ON THE RISE, ARCHITECTS CAN PLAN AND DESIGN THIS MARKET TO REFLECT THE LOCAL CULTURE, WHICH
WOULD BOOST THE AREA'S APPEAL.
LOCALLY KNOWN AS 'PALENGKE,' THESE MARKETS ENGAGE OUR SENSES, ESPECIALLY OUR HEARING DUE TO THE
CHATTER AND BARGAINING, AND OUR SENSE OF SMELL DUE TO THE VARIETY OF ITEMS. THE FIRST THING PEOPLE
NOTICE IS HOW IT LOOKS, AND ARCHITECTURE PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN CREATING AN ATTRACTIVE BUILDING. PEOPLE
VISIT PLACES FOR THEIR NATURAL BEAUTY, FOOD, PRODUCTS, AND ARCHITECTURAL WONDERS. A THEMED 'CENTRAL
MARKET' REPRESENTING A REGION OR LOCALITY WOULD NOT ONLY IMPROVE THE IMPRESSION BUT ALSO HAVE A
POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON TOURISM AND A SENSE OF PRIDE.
THE 'PALENGKE' HAS ALWAYS BEEN A SIGNIFICANT PART OF FILIPINO LIFE AND CULTURE. IT HAS BEEN THE PRIMARY
TRADING CENTER IN TOWNS SINCE THE SPANISH COLONIAL TIMES, WHERE FRESH FOOD, MEAT, FISH, FRUITS,
VEGETABLES, AND MORE ARE SOLD.
WET MARKETS LIKE THESE ALLOW TOURISTS TO IMMERSE THEMSELVES IN THE LOCAL CULTURE, EXPERIENCE THE LIVELY
ATMOSPHERE, AND SAMPLE FRESH PRODUCE. THEY PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO LOCAL CULINARY TRADITIONS AND DAILY
LIFE. TOURISTS CAN EXPLORE STALLS, INTERACT WITH VENDORS, AND LEARN ABOUT LOCAL INGREDIENTS AND DISHES.
IT'S AN EDUCATIONAL AND EYE-OPENING EXPERIENCE, OFFERING VISITORS A GLIMPSE INTO THE IMPORTANCE OF
FRESH, LOCAL INGREDIENTS.
VISITING A WET MARKET AS A TOURIST CAN BE ENRICHING. IT ALLOWS YOU TO ENGAGE WITH THE LOCAL CULTURE,
DISCOVER NEW FLAVORS, AND SUPPORT THE LOCAL ECONOMY.
WHILE THERE MAY NOT BE A WELL-KNOWN 'CENTRAL MARKET' IN THE PHILIPPINES, MANY TOWNS AND CITIES HAVE
THEIR CENTRAL MARKETS, WHICH SERVE AS CRUCIAL HUBS FOR FRESH GOODS. THESE MARKETS ARE ESPECIALLY
VIBRANT IN THE MORNING WHEN SHOPPERS ARRIVE TO BUY THEIR DAILY NECESSITIES, AND VENDORS SET UP THEIR
STALLS.

GOALS:
A. DESIGN AN ATTRACTIVE CENTRAL MARKET:
DEVELOP AN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN FOR THE CENTRAL MARKET THAT IS NOT ONLY FUNCTIONAL BUT ALSO
AESTHETICALLY PLEASING. THE DESIGN SHOULD INCORPORATE ELEMENTS OF LOCAL CULTURE, ARCHITECTURE, AND ART
TO CREATE A VISUALLY APPEALING AND IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCE FOR VISITORS.
B. LOCAL PRODUCT SHOWCASE:
CREATE A SPACE WITHIN THE MARKET TO SHOWCASE AND SELL LOCAL PRODUCTS, CRAFTS, AND FOOD. ENSURE THAT
THE STALLS ARE DESIGNED TO HIGHLIGHT THE UNIQUENESS OF EACH PRODUCT AND PROVIDE A PLATFORM FOR LOCAL
ARTISANS AND PRODUCERS TO CONNECT WITH CONSUMERS.
C. PROMOTE LOCAL INGREDIENTS:
ENCOURAGE VENDORS TO PRIORITIZE THE USE OF FRESH, LOCAL INGREDIENTS IN THEIR PRODUCTS, THEREBY
SUPPORTING LOCAL AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCERS.

2|Page
 II. SITE PLAN:
COORDINATES: 8.4776038 N, 124.6512694 E
LOCATION: COGON, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, MISAMIS ORIENTAL, PHILIPPINES
SITE AREA: 10,000.00 M²
PROGRAM: MARKET
TYPE: COMMERCIAL

III. SPACE REQUIREMENTS:

1. PARKING LOT 21. PRODUCE STALLS

a. GUARD HOUSE a. DISPLAY AREA
b. DROP-OFF AREA b. STORAGE FACILITIES
c. TERMINAL c. CLEANING AND WASHING AREA
d. SERVICE DROP-OFF AREA d. WASTE DISPOSAL
2. PUBLIC RESTROOMS e. WEIGHING AND PRICING AREA
a. PERSON WITH DISABILITY 22. MEAT STALLS
b. MEN a. DISPLAY AREA
c. WOMEN b. CUSTOMER SERVICE AREA
3. PWD RAMP c. WEIGHING AND PRICING AREA
4. FIRE EXIT STAIRS d. REFRIGERATION AND STORAGE
3|Page
 5. ELEVATOR FOR PRODUCTS e. BUTCHER AREA
a. WET PRODUCT ELEVATOR f. HANDWASHING FACILITIES
b. DRY PRODUCT ELEVATOR g. CLEANING AND SANITATION AREA
6. SHOPS h. WASTE DISPOSAL
a. DISPLAY AREA 23. POULTRY STALLS
b. STORAGE FACILITIES a. DISPLAY AREA
c. CUSTOMER SERVICE AREA b. CUSTOMER SERVICE AREA
7. CENTRAL MARKET INFORMATION CENTER c. WEIGHING AND PRICING AREA
8. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT BUILDING d. REFRIGERATION AND STORAGE
9. MAIN PLAZA e. BUTCHER AREA
10. SECURITY FACILITIES AND HELP DESK f. HANDWASHING FACILITIES
11. CULTURAL PERFORMANCES AREA g. CLEANING AND SANITATION AREA
12. RESTAURANT FACILITIES h. WASTE DISPOSAL
13. CURRENCY EXCHANGE FACILITIES 24. FOOD STALLS
14. UTILITIES a. DISPLAY AREA
15. DELIVERY AREAS AND DROP-OFFS b. STORAGE FACILITIES
16. ANCILLARY SPACES FOR BANKS, CATERING c. CUSTOMER SERVICE AREA
17. FACILITIES, ETC.
18. REFUSE AND SEGREGATION FACILITY
19. ENGINEERING FACILITIES FOR WATER AND
20. ELECTRICITY

IV. COMPUTATIONS:

A. LOT:
TOTAL LOT AREA:
= 10,000.00 M²
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PERCENTAGE OF SITE OCCUPANCY (PSO):
PSO = 10,000.00 M² X 75%
= 7,500.00 M²
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE IMPERVIOUS SURFACE AREA (ISA):
ISA = 10,000.00 M² X 20%
= 2,000.00 M²
MINIMUM UNPAVED SURFACE AREA (USA)
USA = 10,000.00 M² X 5%
` = 500.00 M²
TOSL (OPEN SPACE WITHIN LOT)
TOSL = 10,000.00 M² X 25%
= 2,500.00 M²
B. PARKING SLOTS:
JEEPNEY/ SHUTTLE =

4|Page
 C. PLUMBING FIXTURES: PARKING SLOTS:
2500 PAX / 2 = 1,250 (MALE) + 1,250 (FEMALE)
FIXTURES:

WATER CLOSET URINALS LAVATORIES

MALE:
FEMALE:

WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (WSFU):

MALE: WC = FEMALE: WC = 30
UR = LAV =
LAV =

V. SETBACKS:

RROW WIDTH (METERS) FRONT SIDE REAR

30.00 ABOVE 8.00 5.00 5.00
25.00 TO 29.00 6.00 3.00 3.00
20.00 TO 24.00 5.00 3.00 3.00
10.00 TO 19.00 5.00 2.00 2.00
BELOW 10.00 5.00 2.00 2.00

EASEMENT ALONG WATER BODY/ WAY BY LOCATION

LOCATION OF WATER BODY/ WATER WAY EASEMENT

URBAN AREAS 3.00 M PER SIDE
FOREST AREAS 40.00 M PER SIDE
AGRICULTURAL AREAS 20.0 PER SIDE

VI. ARCHITECTURAL THEORIES AND CONCEPTS.

DESIGN CONCEPT:
THE AEROMARKET TRADING CENTER STANDS AS A TESTAMENT TO THE HARMONIOUS COALESCENCE OF NATURE
AND MODERNITY, OFFERING A CAPTIVATING ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN THAT DRAWS INSPIRATION FROM THE GRACEFUL,
EVER-MOVING DANCE OF THE WIND. THIS INNOVATIVE AND DYNAMIC DESIGN IS NOT LIMITED TO MERE AESTHETICS
BUT EXTENDS ITS INFLUENCE FURTHER BY SEAMLESSLY INCORPORATING A THRIVING GREENERY CONCEPT INTO ITS
FACADE.
THE BUILDING'S FACADE, WITH ITS ARTFUL PORTRAYAL OF THE WIND'S RHYTHMIC MOVEMENTS, ACTS AS A CANVAS
FOR THE NATURAL WORLD'S GRANDEUR. HERE, A LUSH TAPESTRY OF VIBRANT GREENERY GRACEFULLY INTERTWINES
WITH THE CONTEMPORARY STRUCTURE, CREATING A MESMERIZING VISUAL HARMONY THAT TRANSCENDS
TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURAL BOUNDARIES.
THE GREENERY CONCEPT ISN'T MERELY AN AFTERTHOUGHT BUT AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE BUILDING'S IDENTITY. IT
SYMBOLIZES A COMMITMENT TO SUSTAINABILITY, PROVIDING A BREATH OF FRESH AIR IN THE HEART OF THE URBAN

5|Page
LANDSCAPE. THIS ORGANIC INFUSION ENHANCES THE ENVIRONMENT, FOSTERING A SENSE OF WELL-BEING AND
TRANQUILITY WITHIN THE BUSTLING CITY.
AS ONE GAZES UPON THE AEROMARKET TRADING CENTER, THE JUXTAPOSITION OF HUMAN INGENUITY AND THE
BEAUTY OF THE NATURAL WORLD BECOMES APPARENT. IT SERVES AS A SYMBOL OF BALANCE, AN ODE TO THE SERENE
ELEGANCE OF THE WIND'S DANCE, AND A REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF COEXISTING HARMONIOUSLY WITH OUR
ENVIRONMENT. IN THIS STUNNING BLEND OF FORM, FUNCTION, AND NATURE, THE BUILDING INVITES ALL WHO
ENCOUNTER IT TO PONDER THE DELICATE AND INTRICATE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN, DESIGN, AND THE WORLD
THAT SURROUNDS US.
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
ONE OF THE MOST RENOWNED AND INFLUENTIAL ARCHITECTS, FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, ONCE FAMOUSLY
DECLARED, "FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION." THIS APHORISM ENCAPSULATES A DESIGN PHILOSOPHY THAT EMPHASIZES
THE IMPORTANCE OF FUNCTIONALITY IN ARCHITECTURE, SUGGESTING THAT A BUILDING'S FORM SHOULD BE A DIRECT
RESULT OF ITS INTENDED PURPOSE.
APPLYING THIS DICTUM TO "THE AEROMARKET TRADING CENTER," THE BEST DESIGN PHILOSOPHY WOULD BE ROOTED
IN THE IDEA THAT EVERY ASPECT OF THE BUILDING, INCLUDING ITS AESTHETIC ELEMENTS AND INTEGRATION OF
GREENERY, SHOULD SERVE A PRACTICAL FUNCTION. THE INCORPORATION OF THE WIND-INSPIRED DESIGN AND
GREENERY SHOULD NOT ONLY BE VISUALLY APPEALING BUT ALSO FULFILL SPECIFIC PURPOSES.
"FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION WITH ELEGANCE AND ECOLOGICAL HARMONY." THIS PHILOSOPHY WOULD UNDERLINE THE
IMPORTANCE OF ENSURING THAT THE WIND-INSPIRED FACADE AND GREENERY CONCEPT ARE NOT JUST FOR VISUAL
APPEAL BUT ALSO ENHANCE THE BUILDING'S ENERGY EFFICIENCY, PROVIDE NATURAL VENTILATION, IMPROVE AIR
QUALITY, AND CREATE A SUSTAINABLE AND ECO-FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT FOR OCCUPANTS.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
AESTHETIC HARMONY: THE BUILDING'S DESIGN SHOULD CELEBRATE THE WIND-INSPIRED AESTHETIC AND
SEAMLESS INTEGRATION OF GREENERY. THE FACADE SHOULD BE A CAPTIVATING BLEND OF FORM AND FUNCTION,
CREATING A VISUALLY STUNNING LANDMARK.
FUNCTIONALITY: EVERY ASPECT OF DESIGN, FROM THE LAYOUT TO THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS, SHOULD SERVE A
CLEAR PURPOSE. EFFICIENCY AND FUNCTIONALITY SHOULD BE AT THE CORE OF DESIGN.
NATURAL VENTILATION: USE THE WIND'S MOVEMENT TO ENHANCE NATURAL VENTILATION, REDUCING THE
NEED FOR MECHANICAL COOLING AND IMPROVING INDOOR AIR QUALITY.

COMMUNITY INTEGRATION: ENSURE THAT THE BUILDING HARMONIZES WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS AND
CONTRIBUTES POSITIVELY TO THE COMMUNITY. THIS MAY INVOLVE PUBLIC SPACES, CULTURAL ELEMENTS, OR
CONNECTIONS TO TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC AMENITIES.

LONG-TERM VIABILITY: DESIGN WITH A FOCUS ON LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY, ENSURING THAT THE
BUILDING'S DESIGN AND MATERIALS WILL STAND THE TEST OF TIME.

DESIGN OBJECTIVES:
ICONIC LANDMARK: CREATE A DESIGN THAT MAKES "THE AEROMARKET TRADING CENTER" A DISTINCTIVE AND
ICONIC LANDMARK, SERVING AS A SYMBOL OF INNOVATION AND INSPIRATION IN THE ARCHITECTURAL WORLD.
BIOPHILIC CONNECTION: FOSTER A DEEP BIOPHILIC CONNECTION BY INCORPORATING GREENERY IN A WAY THAT
NOT ONLY ENHANCES AESTHETICS BUT ALSO PROMOTES A STRONGER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEOPLE AND NATURE.

UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY: ENSURE THAT THE BUILDING IS UNIVERSALLY ACCESSIBLE, WITH FEATURES LIKE
RAMPS, ELEVATORS, AND TACTILE INDICATORS, ALLOWING PWD TO NAVIGATE THE FACILITY WITH EASE AND DIGNITY.

6|Page
 ACCESSIBLE RESTROOMS: DESIGN ACCESSIBLE RESTROOMS WITH PROPER CLEARANCES, GRAB BARS, AND
FIXTURES TO ENSURE COMFORT AND SAFETY FOR PWD.

VII. BUILDING LAWS:

SECTION 401
TYPE IV — TYPE IV BUILDINGS SHALL BE OF STEEL, IRON, CONCRETE, OR MASONRY CONSTRUCTION.
WALLS, CEILING, AND PERMANENT PARTITIONS SHALL BE OF INCOMBUSTIBLE FIRE-RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION:
EXCEPT, THAT PERMANENT NON-BEARING PARTITIONS OF ONE-HOUR FIRE-RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION MAY USE
FIRE-RETARDANT TREATED WOOD WITHIN THE FRAMING ASSEMBLY.
SECTION 701
GROUP E — BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE
DIVISION 2 — WHOLESALE AND RETAIL STORES, OFFICE BUILDINGS, DRINKING AND DINING
ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING AN OCCUPANT LOAD OF LESS THAN ONE HUNDRED PERSONS, PRINTING PLANTS,
POLICE AND FIRE STATIONS, FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS USING NOT HIGHLY FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIALS AND PAINT STORES WITHOUT BULK HANDLINGS.
SECTION 704

FIRE RESISTANCE OF WALLS.— EXTERIOR WALLS SHALL HAVE FIRE RESISTANCE AND OPENING PROTECTION IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS SET FORTH BY THE SECRETARY. PROJECTIONS BEYOND THE EXTERIOR WALL
SHALL NOT EXCEED BEYOND A POINT ONE-THIRD THE DISTANCE FROM AN ASSUMED VERTICAL PLANE LOCATED WHERE
THE FIRE-RESISTIVE PROTECTION OF OPENINGS IS FIRST REQUIRED TO THE LOCATION ON PROPERTY WHICHEVER IS THE
LEAST RESTRICTIVE. DISTANCE SHALL BE MEASURED AT RIGHT ANGLES FROM THE PROPERTY LINE. WHEN OPENINGS IN
EXTERIOR WALLS ARE REQUIRED TO BE PROTECTED DUE TO DISTANCE FROM PROPERTY LINE, THE SUM OF THE AREAS
OF SUCH OPENINGS IN ANY STOREY SHALL NOT EXCEED 50 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL AREA OF THE WALL IN THAT STOREY.

SECTION 707

MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS. — THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT AND NUMBER OF STOREYS OF EVERY BUILDING
SHALL BE DEPENDENT UPON THE CHARACTER OF OCCUPANCY AND THE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION AS DETERMINED BY
THE SECRETARY CONSIDERING POPULATION DENSITY, BUILDING BULK, WIDTHS OF STREETS AND CAR PARKING
REQUIREMENTS. THE HEIGHT SHALL BE MEASURED FROM THE HIGHEST ADJOINING SIDEWALK OR GROUND SURFACE:
PROVIDED, THAT THE HEIGHT MEASURED FROM THE LOWEST ADJOINING SURFACE SHALL NOT EXCEED SUCH MAXIMUM
HEIGHT BY MORE THAN 3.00 METERS: EXCEPT, THAT TOWERS, SPIRES, AND STEEPLES, ERECTED AS PART OF A BUILDING
AND NOT USED FOR HABITATION OR STORAGE ARE LIMITED AS TO HEIGHT ONLY BY STRUCTURAL DESIGN IF COMPLETELY
OF INCOMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS, OR MAY EXTEND NOT TO EXCEED 6.00 METERS ABOVE THE HEIGHT LIMITS FOR EACH
OCCUPANCY GROUP IF OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.

SECTION 803

PERCENTAGE OF SITE OCCUPANCY. —

MAXIMUM SITE OCCUPANCY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE USE, TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION, AND HEIGHT OF THE
BUILDING AND THE USE, AREA, NATURE, AND LOCATION OF THE SITE; AND SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE LOCAL
ZONING REQUIREMENTS AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RULES AND REGULATIONS PROMULGATED BY THE SECRETARY.

SECTION 808

7|Page
WINDOW OPENINGS. —

EVERY ROOM INTENDED FOR ANY USE, NOT PROVIDED WITH ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION SYSTEM AS HEREIN
SPECIFIED IN THIS CODE, SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH A WINDOW OR WINDOWS WITH A TOTAL FREE AREA OF OPENINGS
EQUAL TO AT LEAST TEN PERCENT OF THE FLOOR AREA OF ROOM, AND SUCH WINDOW SHALL OPEN DIRECTLY TO A
COURT, YARD, PUBLIC STREET OR ALLEY, OR OPEN WATER COURSES.

SECTION 809

VENT SHAFTS. —

A. VENTILATION OR VENT SHAFTS SHALL HAVE A HORIZONTAL CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF NOT LESS THAN 0.10
SQUARE METER FOR EVERY METER OF HEIGHT OF SHAFT BUT IN NO CASE SHALL THE AREA BE LESS THAN 1.00
SQUARE METER. NO VENT SHAFT SHALL HAVE ITS LEAST DIMENSION LESS THAN 600 MILLIMETERS.
B. SKYLIGHTS — UNLESS OPEN TO THE OUTER AIR AT THE TOP FOR ITS FULL AREA, VENT SHAFT SHALL BE
COVERED BY A SKYLIGHT HAVING A NET FREE AREA OR FIXED LOUVER OPENINGS EQUAL TO THE MAXIMUM
REQUIRED SHAFT AREA.
C. AIR DUCTS SHALL OPEN TO A STREET OR COURT BY A HORIZONTAL DUCT OR INTAKE AT A POINT BELOW THE
LOWEST WINDOW OPENING. SUCH DUCT OR INTAKE SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM UNOBSTRUCTED CROSS-
SECTIONAL AREA OF NOT LESS THAN 0.30 SQUARE METER WITH A MINIMUM DIMENSION OF 300
MILLIMETERS. THE OPENINGS TO THE DUCT OR INTAKE SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 300 MILLIMETERS ABOVE
THE BOTTOM OF THE SHAFT AND THE STREET SURFACE OR LEVEL OF COURT AT THE RESPECTIVE ENDS OF THE
DUCT OR INTAKE.

SECTION 903

WASTEWATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM. —

A. SANITARY SEWAGE FROM BUILDINGS AND NEUTRALIZED OR PRE-TREATED INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER SHALL
BE DISCHARGED DIRECTLY INTO THE NEAREST STREET SANITARY SEWER MAIN OF EXISTING MUNICIPAL OR
CITY SANITARY SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CRITERIA SET BY THE CODE ON SANITATION
AND THE NATIONAL POLLUTION CONTROL COMMISSION.
B. ALL BUILDINGS LOCATED IN AREAS WHERE THERE ARE NO AVAILABLE SANITARY SEWERAGE SYSTEM SHALL
DISPOSE THEIR SEWAGE "IMHOFF" OR SEPTIC TANK AND SUBSURFACE ABSORPTION FILED.
C. SANITARY AND INDUSTRIAL PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS INSIDE BUILDINGS AND PREMISES SHALL CONFORM
TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE.

SECTION 904

STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM. —

A. RAIN WATER DRAINAGE SHALL NOT DISCHARGE TO THE SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM.
B. ADEQUATE PROVISIONS SHALL BE MADE TO DRAIN LOW AREAS IN BUILDINGS AND THEIR PREMISES.

SECTION 905

PEST AND VERMIN CONTROL. —

A. ALL BUILDINGS WITH HOLLOW AND/OR WOOD CONSTRUCTION SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH RAT PROOFING.
B. GARBAGE BINS AND RECEPTACLES SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH READY MEANS FOR CLEANING AND WITH
POSITIVE PROTECTION AGAINST ENTRY OF PEST AND VERMINS.
C. DINING ROOMS FOR PUBLIC USE WITHOUT ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION SHALL BE PROPERLY SCREENED.

SECTION 907

8|Page
PIPE MATERIALS. — ALL PIPE MATERIALS TO BE USED IN BUILDINGS SHALL CONFORM TO THE STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE STANDARD COUNCIL.

SECTION 1102

STORAGE IN PUBLIC PROPERTY. — MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT NECESSARY FOR WORK TO BE DONE UNDER A PERMIT
WHEN PLACED OR STORED ON PUBLIC PROPERTY SHALL NOT OBSTRUCT FREE AND CONVENIENT APPROACH TO AND
USED OF ANY FIRE HYDRANT, FIRE OR POLICE ALARM BOX, UTILITY BOX, CATCH BASIN, OR MANHOLE AND SHALL NOT
INTERFERE WITH ANY DRAINAGE OF ANY STREET OR ALLEY GUTTER.

SECTION 1205

FLOOR CONSTRUCTION. —

A. FLOORS SHALL BE OF SUCH MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION AS SPECIFIED UNDER CHAPTER 5 — FIRE ZONES
AND FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS AND UNDER CHAPTER 6 — TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION.
B. ALL FLOORS SHALL BE SO FRAMED AND SECURE INTO THE FRAMEWORK AND SUPPORTING WALLS AS TO
FORM AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE WHOLE BUILDING.
C. THE TYPES OF FLOOR CONSTRUCTION USED SHALL PROVIDE MEANS TO KEEP THE BEAM AND GIRDERS FROM
LATERAL BUCKLING.

SECTION 1206

ROOF CONSTRUCTION AND COVERING. —

A. ROOF COVERING. — ROOF COVERING FOR ALL BUILDINGS SHALL BE EITHER FIRE-RETARDANT OR ORDINARY
DEPENDING UPON THE FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS OF THE PARTICULAR TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION. THE
USE OF COMBUSTIBLE ROOF INSULATION SHALL BE PERMITTED IN ALL TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION PROVIDED IT
IS COVERED WITH APPROVED ROOF COVERING APPLIED DIRECTLY THERETO.
B. ROOF TRUSSES. — ALL ROOFS SHALL BE SO FRAMED AND TIED INTO THE FRAMEWORK AND SUPPORTING
WALLS SO AS TO FORM AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE WHOLE BUILDING. ROOF TRUSSES SHALL HAVE ALL JOINTS
WELL FITTED AND SHALL HAVE ALL TENSION MEMBERS WELL TIGHTENED BEFORE ANY LOAD IS PLACED IN
THE TRUSS. DIAGONAL AND SWAY BRACING SHALL BE USED TO BRACE ALL ROOF TRUSSES. THE ALLOWABLE
WORKING STRESSES OF MATERIALS IN TRUSSES SHALL CONFORM TO THIS CODE. CAMBER SHALL BE
PROVIDED TO PREVENT SAGGING.
C. ROOF DRAINAGE SYSTEM.—
1) ROOF DRAINS. — ROOF DRAINS SHALL BE INSTALLED AT LOW POINTS OF THE ROOF AND SHALL BE
ADEQUATE IN SIZE TO DISCHARGE ALL TRIBUTARY WATERS.
2) OVERFLOW DRAINS AND SCUPPERS. — WHERE ROOF DRAINS ARE REQUIRED, ADEQUATE OVERFLOW
DRAINS SHALL BE PROVIDED.
3) CONCEALED PIPING. — ROOF DRAINS AND OVERFLOW DRAINS, WHEN CONCEALED WITHIN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDING, SHALL BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE.
4) OVER PUBLIC PROPERTY. — ROOF DRAINAGE WATER FROM A BUILDING SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED TO
FLOW OVER PUBLIC PROPERTY, EXCEPT FOR GROUP A AND J OCCUPANCIES.

SECTION 1207

STAIRS, EXITS AND OCCUPANT LOADS. —

A. EXITS —
1) NUMBER OF EXITS. — EVERY BUILDING OR USABLE PORTION THEREOF SHALL HAVE AT LEAST ONE EXIT. IN
ALL OCCUPANCIES, FLOORS ABOVE THE FIRST STOREY HAVING AN OCCUPANT LOAD OF MORE THAN 10
9|Page
 SHALL NOT HAVE LESS THAN TWO EXITS. EACH MEZZANINE FLOOR USED FOR OTHER THAN STORAGE
PURPOSES, IF GREATER IN AREA THAN 185 SQUARE METERS OR MORE THAN 18.00 METERS IN ANY
DIMENSION, SHALL HAVE AT LEAST THAN TWO STAIRWAYS TO AN ADJACENT FLOOR. EVERY STOREY OR
PORTION THEREOF, HAVING AN OCCUPANT LOAD OF 500 TO 999 SHALL HAVE AT LEAST THREE EXITS.
EVERY STOREY OR PORTION THEREOF HAVING AN OCCUPANT LOAD OF 1000 OR MORE SHALL HAVE AT
LEAST FOUR (4) EXITS. THE NUMBER OF EXITS REQUIRED FROM ANY STOREY OF A BUILDING SHALL BE
DETERMINED BY USING THE OCCUPANT LOADS OF FLOORS WHICH EXIT THROUGH BY USING THE
OCCUPANT LOADS OF FLOORS WHICH EXIT THROUGH THE LEVEL UNDER CONSIDERATION AS FOLLOWS:
50 PERCENT OF THE OCCUPANT LOAD IN THE FIRST ADJACENT STOREY ABOVE (AND THE FIRST ADJACENT
STOREY BELOW, WHEN A STOREY BELOW EXITS THROUGH THE LEVEL UNDER CONSIDERATION) AND 25
PERCENT OF THE OCCUPANT LOAD IN THE STOREY IMMEDIATELY BEYOND THE FIRST ADJACENT STOREY.
THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF EXITS REQUIRED FOR ANY STOREY SHALL BE MAINTAINED UNTIL EGRESS IS
PROVIDED FROM THE STRUCTURES. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION BASEMENT OR CELLARS AND
OCCUPIED ROOFS SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH EXITS AS REQUIRED FOR STOREYS. FLOORS ABOVE THE
SECOND STOREY, BASEMENTS AND CELLARS USED FOR OTHER THAN SERVICE OF THE BUILDING SHALL
HAVE NOT LESS THAN TWO EXITS.
B. WIDTH. — THE TOTAL WIDTH OF EXITS IN METERS SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN THE TOTAL OCCUPANT LOAD
SERVED DIVIDED BY 165. SUCH WIDTH OF EXITS SHALL BE DIVIDED APPROXIMATELY EQUALLY AMONG THE
SEPARATE EXITS. THE TOTAL EXIT WIDTH REQUIRED FROM ANY STOREY OF A BUILDING SHALL BE
DETERMINED BY USING THE OCCUPANT LOAD OF THAT STOREY PLUS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE OCCUPANT
LOADS OF FLOORS WHICH EXITS THROUGH THE LEVEL UNDER CONSIDERATION AS FOLLOWS: FIFTY (50) PER
CENT OF THE OCCUPANT LOAD IN THE FIRST ADJACENT STOREY ABOVE (AND THE FIRST ADJACENT STOREY
BELOW WHEN A STOREY BELOW EXITS THROUGH THE LEVEL UNDER CONSIDERATION) AND TWENTY FIVE PER
CENT OF THE OCCUPANT LOAD IN THE STOREY IMMEDIATELY BEYOND THE FIRST ADJACENT STOREY. THE
MAXIMUM EXIT WIDTH FROM ANY STOREY OF A BUILDING SHALL BE MAINTAINED.
1) ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS. — IF ONLY TWO EXITS ARE REQUIRED THEY SHALL BE PLACED A DISTANCE
APART TO NOT LESS THAN ONE-FIFTH OF THE PERIMETER OF THE AREA SERVED MEASURED IN A
STRAIGHT LINE BETWEEN EXITS. WHERE THREE OR MORE EXITS ARE REQUIRED THEY SHALL BE
ARRANGED A REASONABLE DISTANCE APART SO THAT IF ONE BECOMES BLOCKED, THE OTHERS WILL BE
AVAILABLE.
2) DISTANCE TO EXITS. — NO POINT IN A BUILDING WITHOUT A SPRINKLE SYSTEM SHALL BE MORE THAN
45.00 METERS FROM AN EXTERIOR EXIT DOOR, A HORIZONTAL EXIT, EXIT PASSAGEWAY, OR AN
ENCLOSED STAIRWAY, MEASURED ALONG THE LINE OF TRAVEL. IN A BUILDING EQUIPPED WITH A
COMPLETE AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM THE DISTANCE FROM EXITS MAY BE INCREASED TO
60.00 METERS.
C. DOORS. — THE PROVISIONS HEREIN SHALL APPLY TO EVERY EXIT DOOR SERVING AN AREA HAVING AN
OCCUPANT LOAD OF MORE THAN 10 OR SERVING HAZARDOUS ROOMS OR AREAS.
1) SWING. — EXIT DOOR SHALL SWING IN THE DIRECTION OF EXIT TRAVEL WHEN SERVING ANY HAZARDOUS
AREAS OR WHEN SERVING AN OCCUPANT LOAD OF 50 OR MORE. DOUBLE ACTING DOORS SHALL NOT BE
USED AS EXITS SERVING A TRIBUTARY OCCUPANT LOAD OF MORE THAN 100; NOR SHALL THEY BE USED
AS A PART OF FIRE ASSEMBLY, NOR EQUIPPED WITH PUBLIC HARDWARE. A DOUBLE ACTING DOOR SHALL
BE PROVIDED WITH A VIEW PANEL OF NOT LESS THAN 1,300 SQUARE CENTIMETERS.
2) TYPE OF LOCK OR LATCH. — EXIT DOOR SHALL BE OPENABLE FROM THE INSIDE WITHOUT THE USE OF A
KEY OR ANY SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE OR EFFORT: EXCEPT, THAT THIS REQUIREMENT SHALL NOT APPLY TO
EXTERIOR EXIT DOORS IN A GROUP E OR F OCCUPANCY IF THERE IS A CONSPICUOUS, READILY VISIBLE
AND DURABLE SIGN ON OR ADJACENT TO THE DOOR, STATING THAT THE DOOR IS TO REMAIN UNLOCKED
DURING BUSINESS HOURS. THE LOCKING DEVICE MUST BE OF A TYPE THAT WILL READILY BE
DISTINGUISHABLE AS LOCKED. FLUSH BOLTS OR SURFACE BOLTS ARE PROHIBITED.

10 | P a g e
 3) WIDTH AND HEIGHT. — EVERY REQUIRED EXIT DOORWAY SHALL BE OF A SIZE AS TO PERMIT THE
INSTALLATION OF A DOOR NOT LESS THAN 900 MILLIMETERS IN WIDTH AND NOT LESS THAN 2.00
METERS IN HEIGHT. WHEN INSTALLATION IN EXIT DOORWAYS, EXIT DOORS SHALL BE CAPABLE OF
OPENINGS AT LEAST 90 DECREES AND SHALL BE SO MOUNTED THAT THE CLEAR WIDTH OF THE EXIT WAY
IS NOT LESS THAN 700 MILLIMETERS. IN COMPUTING THE REQUIRED EXIT WIDTH THE NET DIMENSION OF
THE EXITWAY SHALL BE USED.
4) DOOR LEAF WIDTH. — NO LEAF OF AN EXIT DOOR SHALL EXCEED 1.20 METERS IN WIDTH.
5) SPECIAL DOORS. — REVOLVING, SLIDING, AND OVERHEAD DOORS SHALL NOT BE USED AS REQUIRED
EXITS.
6) EGRESS FROM DOOR. — EVERY REQUIRED EXIT DOOR SHALL GIVE IMMEDIATE ACCESS TO AN APPROVED
MEANS OF EGRESS FROM THE BUILDING.
7) CHANGE IN FLOOR LEVEL AT DOORS. — REGARDLESS OF THE OCCUPANT LOAD THERE SHALL BE A FLOOR
OR LANDING ON EACH SIDE OF AN EXIT DOOR. THE FLOOR OR LANDING SHALL BE LEVELED WITH, OR NOT
MORE THAN 50 MILLIMETERS LOWER THAN THE THRESHOLD OF THE DOORWAY: EXCEPT, THAT IN GROUP
A AND B OCCUPANCIES, A DOOR MAY OPEN ON THE TOP STEP OF A FLIGHT OF STAIRS OR AN EXTERIOR
LANDING PROVIDED THE DOOR DOES NOT SWING OVER THE TOP STEP OR EXTERIOR LANDING AND THE
LANDING IS NOT MORE THAN 200 MILLIMETERS BELOW THE FLOOR LEVEL.
8) DOOR IDENTIFICATION. — GLASS DOORS SHALL CONFORM TO THE REQUIREMENTS IN SECTION 1005.
OTHER EXIT DOORS SHALL BE SO MARKED THAT THEY ARE ALREADY DISTINGUISHABLE FROM THE
ADJACENT CONSTRUCTION.
9) ADDITIONAL DOORS. — WHEN ADDITIONAL DOORS ARE PROVIDED FOR EGRESS PURPOSES, THEY SHALL
CONFORM TO ALL PROVISIONS IN THE FOLLOWING CASES: APPROVED REVOLVING DOORS HAVING
LEAVES WHICH WILL COLLAPSE UNDER OPPOSING PRESSURES MAY BE USED IN EXIT SITUATIONS:
PROVIDED, THAT SUCH DOORS HAVE A MINIMUM WIDTH OF 2.00 METERS OR THEY ARE NOT USED IN
OCCUPANCIES WHERE EXITS ARE REQUIRED TO BE EQUIPPED WITH PANIC HARDWARE OR AT LEAST ONE
CONFORMING EXIT DOOR IS LOCATED ADJACENT TO EACH REVOLVING DOORS INSTALLED IN A BUILDING
AND THE REVOLVING DOOR SHALL NOT BE CONSIDERED TO PROVIDE ANY EXIT WIDTH.
D. STAIRWAYS. — EXCEPT STAIRS OR LADDERS USED ONLY TO ACCESS, EQUIPMENT, EVERY STAIRWAY SERVING
ANY BUILDING OR PORTION THEREOF SHALL CONFORM TO THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS:
1) WIDTH. — STAIRWAYS SERVING AN OCCUPANT LOAD OF MORE THAN 50 SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 1.10
METERS. STAIRWAYS SERVING AN OCCUPANT LOAD OF 50 OR LESS MAY BE 900 MILLIMETERS WIDE.
PRIVATE STAIRWAYS SERVING AN OCCUPANT LOAD OF LESS THAN 10 MAY BE 750 MILLIMETERS. TRIM
AND HANDRAILS SHALL NOT REDUCE THE REQUIRED WIDTH BY MORE THAN 100 MILLIMETERS.
2) RISE AND RUN. — THE RISE OF EVERY STEP IN A STAIRWAY SHALL NOT EXCEED 200 MILLIMETERS AND THE
RUN SHALL NOT LESS THAN 250 MILLIMETERS. THE MAXIMUM VARIATIONS IN THE HEIGHT OF RISERS AND
THE WIDTH OF TREADS IN ANY ONE FLIGHT SHALL BE 5 MILLIMETERS: EXCEPT, IN CASE OF PRIVATE
STAIRWAYS SERVING AN OCCUPANT LOAD OF LESS THAN 10, THE RISE MAY BE 200 MILLIMETERS AND THE
RUN MAY BE 250 MILLIMETERS, EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SUB-PARAGRAPH (3) BELOW.
3) WINDING STAIRWAYS. — IN GROUP A OCCUPANCY AND IN PRIVATE STAIRWAYS IN GROUP B
OCCUPANCIES, WINDERS MAY BE USED IF THE REQUIRED WIDTH OF RUN IS PROVIDED AT A POINT NOT
MORE THAN 300 MILLIMETERS FROM THE SIDE OF THE STAIRWAY WHERE THE TREADS ARE NARROWER
BUT IN NO CASE SHALL ANY WIDTH OF RUN BE LESS THAN 150 MILLIMETERS AT ANY POINT.
4) CIRCULAR STAIRWAYS. — CIRCULAR STAIRS MAY BE USED AS AN EXIT PROVIDED THE MINIMUM WIDTH OF
RUN IS NOT LESS THAN 250 MILLIMETERS. ALL TREADS IN ANY ONE FLIGHT BETWEEN LANDINGS SHALL
HAVE IDENTICAL DIMENSIONS WITHIN A 5 MILLIMETER TOLERANCE.
5) LANDINGS. — EVERY LANDING SHALL HAVE A DIMENSION MEASURED IN THE DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
EQUAL TO THE WIDTH OF THE STAIRWAY. SUCH DIMENSION NEED NOT EXCEED 1.20 METERS WHEN THE

11 | P a g e
 STAIRS HAS A STRAIGHT RUN. LANDINGS WHEN PROVIDED SHALL NOT BE REDUCED IN WIDTH BY MORE
THAN 100 MILLIMETERS BY A DOOR WHEN FULLY OPEN.
6) BASEMENT STAIRWAYS. — WHERE A BASEMENT STAIRWAY AND A STAIRWAY TO AN UPPER STOREY
TERMINATE IN THE SAME EXIT ENCLOSURE, AN APPROVED BARRIER SHALL BE PROVIDED TO PREVENT
PERSONS FROM CONTINUING ON TO THE BASEMENTS. DIRECTIONAL EXIT SIGNS SHALL BE PROVIDED AS
SPECIFIED IN THIS CODE.
7) DISTANCE BETWEEN LANDINGS. — THERE SHALL BE NOT MORE THAN 3.60 METERS VERTICAL DISTANCE
BETWEEN LANDINGS.
8) HANDRAILS. — STAIRWAYS SHALL HAVE HANDRAILS ON EACH SIDE AND EVERY STAIRWAY REQUIRED TO
BE MORE THAN 3.00 METERS IN WIDTH SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH NOT LESS THAN ONE INTERMEDIATE
HANDRAIL FOR EACH 3.00 METERS OF REQUIRED WIDTH. INTERMEDIATE HANDRAIL SHALL BE SPACED
APPROXIMATELY EQUAL WITHIN THE ENTIRE WIDTH OF THE STAIRWAY. HANDRAILS SHALL BE PLACED
NOT LESS THAN 800 MILLIMETERS NOR MORE THAN 900 MILLIMETERS ABOVE THE NOSING OF TREADS
AND ENDS OF HANDRAILS SHALL BE RETURNED OR SHALL TERMINATE IN NOWEL POSTS OR SAFETY
TERMINALS: EXCEPT, IN THE FOLLOWING CASES: STAIRWAYS 1.10 METERS OR LESS IN WIDTH AND
STAIRWAY SERVING ONE INDIVIDUAL DWELLING UNIT IN GROUP A OR B OCCUPANCIES MAY HAVE ONE
HANDRAIL, EXCEPT THAT SUCH STAIRWAY OPEN ON ONE OR BOTH SIDES SHALL HAVE HANDRAILS
PROVIDED ON THE OPEN SIDE OR SIDES: OR STAIRWAY HAVING LESS THAN FOUR RISERS NEED NOT HAVE
HANDRAILS.
9) EXTERIOR STAIRWAY PROTECTION. — ALL OPENINGS IN THE EXTERIOR WALL BELOW OR WITHIN 3.00
METERS, MEASURED HORIZONTALLY OF AN EXTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAY SERVING A BUILDING OVER TWO
STOREYS IN HEIGHT SHALL BE PROTECTED BY A SELF-CLOSING FIRE ASSEMBLY HAVING A THREE-FOURTHS
HOUR FIRE-RESISTIVE RATING: EXCEPT, THAT OPENING MAY BE UNPROTECTED WHEN TWO SEPARATED
EXTERIOR STAIRWAYS SERVE AN EXTERIOR EXIT BALCONY.
10) STAIRWAY CONSTRUCTION-EXTERIOR. — EXTERIOR STAIRWAY SHALL BE OF INCOMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL:
EXCEPT, THAT ON TYPE III BUILDINGS WHICH DO NOT EXCEED TWO STOREYS IN HEIGHT, WHICH ARE
LOCATED IN LESS FIRE-RESTRICTIVE FIRE ZONES, AS WELL AS ON TYPE I BUILDINGS MAY BE OF WOOD NOT
LESS THAN 50 MILLIMETERS IN NOMINAL THICKNESS. EXTERIOR STAIRS SHALL BE PROTECTED AS
REQUIRED FOR EXTERIOR WALLS DUE TO LOCATION ON PROPERTY AS SPECIFIED IN THIS CODE. EXTERIOR
STAIRWAYS SHALL NOT PROJECT INTO AN AREA WHERE OPENINGS ARE REQUIRED TO BE PROTECTED.
WHERE THERE IS ENCLOSED USABLE SPACE UNDER STAIRS, THE WALLS AND SOFFITS OF THE ENCLOSED
SPACE SHALL BE PROTECTED ON THE ENCLOSED SIDE AS REQUIRED FOR ONE-HOUR FIRE-RESISTIVE
CONSTRUCTION.
11) STAIRWAY TO ROOF . — IN EVERY BUILDING FOUR OR MORE STOREYS IN HEIGHT, ONE STAIRWAY SHALL
EXTEND TO THE ROOF UNLESS THE ROOF HAS C SLOPE GREATER THAN 1 IN 3.
12) HEADROOM. — EVERY REQUIRED STAIRWAY SHALL HAVE A HEADROOM CLEARANCE OF NOT LESS THAN
2.00 METERS. SUCH CLEARANCE SHALL BE ESTABLISHED BY MEASURING VERTICALLY FROM A PLANE
PARALLEL AND TANGENT TO THE STAIRWAY TREAD NOSING TO THE SOFFIT ABOVE ALL POINTS.

SECTION 1212

FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS. —

A. FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS — WHEN REQUIRED, STANDARD AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

SHALL BE INSTALLED IN THE FOLLOWING PLACES, AND IN THE MANNER PROVIDED IN THIS CODE.
1) IN EVERY STOREY, BASEMENT OR CELLAR WITH AN AREA OF 200 SQUARE METERS OR MORE WHICH IS
USED FOR HABITATION, RECREATION, DINING, STUDY, OR WORK, AND WHICH HAS AN OCCUPANT LOAD
OF MORE THAN 20.

12 | P a g e
 2) IN ALL DRESSING ROOMS, REHEARSAL ROOMS, WORKSHOPS OR FACTORIES, AND OTHER ROOMS WITH AN
OCCUPANT LOAD OF MORE THAN 10 OR ASSEMBLY HALLS UNDER GROUP H AND I OCCUPANCIES WITH
OCCUPANT LOAD OF MORE THAN 500, AND IF THE NEXT DOORS OF SAID ROOMS ARE MORE THAN 30.00
METERS FROM THE NEAREST SAFE FIRE DISPERSAL AREA OF THE BUILDING OR OPENING TO AN EXIT
COURT OR STREET.
3) IN ALL ROOMS USED FOR STORAGE OR HANDLING OF PHOTOGRAPHIC X-RAY NITROCELLULOSE FILMS AND
OTHER INFLAMMABLE ARTICLES.
B. DRY STANDPIPES — EVERY BUILDING FOUR OR MORE STOREYS IN HEIGHT SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH ONE OR
MORE DRY STANDPIPES.
1) CONSTRUCTION AND TESTS — DRY STANDPIPES SHALL BE OF WROUGHT IRON OR GALVANIZED STEEL AND
TOGETHER WITH FITTINGS AND CONNECTIONS SHALL BE OF SUFFICIENT STRENGTH TO WITHSTAND 20
KILOGRAMS PER SQUARE CENTIMETER OF WATER PRESSURE WHEN READY FOR SERVICE, WITHOUT
LEAKING AT THE JOINTS, VALVES, OR FITTINGS. TESTS SHALL BE CONDUCTED BY THE OWNER OF THE
BUILDING CONTRACTOR IN THE PRESENCE OF A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE BUILDING OFFICIAL WHENEVER
DEEMED NECESSARY FOR THE PURPOSE OF CERTIFICATION OF ITS PROPER FUNCTION.
2) SIZE — DRY STANDPIPES SHALL BE OF SUCH SIZE AS TO BE CAPABLE OF DELIVERING 900 LITERS OF WATER
PER MINUTE FROM EACH OF ANY THREE OUTLETS SIMULTANEOUSLY UNDER THE PRESSURE CREATED BY
ONE FIRE ENGINE OR PUMPER BASED ON THE STANDARD EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE.
3) NUMBER REQUIRED — EVERY BUILDING FOUR OR MORE STOREYS IN HEIGHT WHERE THE AREA OF ANY
FLOOR ABOVE THE THIRD FLOOR IS 950 SQUARE METERS OR LESS, SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH AT LEAST
ONE DRY STANDPIPES AND AN ADDITIONAL STANDPIPE SHALL BE INSTALLED FOR EACH ADDITIONAL 950
SQUARE METERS OR FRACTION THEREOF.

4) LOCATION — STANDPIPES SHALL BE LOCATED WITHIN ENCLOSED STAIRWAY LANDINGS OR NEAR SUCH
STAIRWAYS AS POSSIBLE OR IMMEDIATELY INSIDE OF AN EXTERIOR WALL AND WITHIN 300 MILLIMETERS
OF AN OPENING IN A STAIRWAY ENCLOSURE OF THE BALCONY OR VESTIBULE OF A SMOKEPROOF TOWER
OR AN OUTSIDE EXIT STAIRWAY.
5) SIAMESE CONNECTIONS — SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF SUBPARAGRAPH (2) ALL 100 MILLIMETERS
DRY STANDPIPES SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH A TWO-WAY SIAMESE FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION. ALL
125 MILLIMETER DRY STANDPIPES SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH A THREE-WAY SIAMESE FIRE DEPARTMENT
CONNECTION AND 150 MILLIMETERS DRY STANDPIPES SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH A FOUR-WAY SIAMESE
FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS. ALL SIAMESE INLET CONNECTIONS SHALL BE LOCATED ON A STREET-
FRONT OF THE BUILDING AND NOT LESS THAN 300 MILLIMETERS NOR MORE THAN 1.20 METERS ABOVE
THE GRADE AND SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH A CLAPPER-CHECKS AND SUBSTANTIAL PLUGS. ALL SIAMESE
INLET CONNECTIONS SHALL BE RECESSED IN THE WALL OR OTHERWISE SUBSTANTIALLY PROTECTED.
6) OUTLETS — ALL DRY STANDPIPES SHALL EXTEND FROM THE GROUND FLOOR TO AND OVER THE ROOF
AND SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH A 63 MILLIMETERS OUTLET NOR MORE THAN 1.20 METERS ABOVE THE
FLOOR LEVEL AT EACH STOREY. ALL DRY STANDPIPES SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH A TWO-WAY 63
MILLIMETERS OUTLET ABOVE THE ROOF. ALL OUTLETS SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH GATE VALVES.
7) SIGNS — AN IRON OR BRONZE SIGN WITH RAISED LETTERS AT LEAST 25 MILLIMETERS HIGH SHALL BE
RIGIDLY ATTACHED TO THE BUILDING ADJACENT TO ALL SIAMESE CONNECTIONS AND SUCH SIGNS SHALL
READ ; CONNECTION TO DRY STANDPIPE".
C. WET STANDPIPES — EVERY GROUP H AND I OCCUPANCY OF ANY HEIGHT, AND EVERY GROUP C OCCUPANCY
OF TWO MORE STOREYS IN HEIGHT AND EVERY GROUP D, D, E, F, AND G OCCUPANCY OF THREE OR MORE
STOREYS IN HEIGHT AND EVERY GROUP G AND E OCCUPANCY OVER 1800 SQUARE METERS IN AREA SHALL BE
EQUIPPED WITH ONE OR MORE INTERIOR WET STANDPIPES EXTENDING FROM THE CELLAR OR BASEMENT

13 | P a g e
 INTO THE TOPMOST STOREY: PROVIDED, THAT GROUP H BUILDINGS HAVING NO STAGE AND HAVING A
SEATING CAPACITY OF LESS THAN 500 NEED TO BE EQUIPPED WITH INTERIOR WET STANDPIPES.
1) CONSTRUCTION — INTERIOR WET STANDPIPES SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF THE SAME MATERIALS AS
THOSE REQUIRED FOR DRY STANDPIPES.
2) SIZE —
2.1 INTERIOR WET STANDPIPES SHALL HAVE AN INTERNAL DIAMETER SUFFICIENT TO DELIVER 190 LITERS
OF WATER PER MINUTE UNDER 2.0 KILOGRAMS PER SQUARE CENTIMETER PRESSURE AT THE HOSE
CONNECTIONS. BUILDINGS OF GROUP HAND I OCCUPANCY SHALL HAVE WET STANDPIPES SYSTEMS
CAPABLE OF DELIVERING THE REQUIRED QUANTITY AND PRESSURE FROM ANY TWO OUTLETS
SIMULTANEOUSLY; FOR ALL OTHER OCCUPANCIES ONLY ONE OUTLET NEED BE FIGURED TO BE OPENED AT
ONE TIME. IN NO CASE SHALL THE INTERNAL DIAMETER OF A WET STANDPIPE BE LESS THAN 50
MILLIMETERS, EXCEPT WHEN THE STANDPIPE IS ATTACHED TO AN AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING
SYSTEM.
2.2 ANY APPROVED FORMULA WHICH DETERMINED PIPE SIZES ON A PRESSURE DROP BASIS MAY BE USED
TO DETERMINE PIPE SIZE FOR WET STANDPIPE SYSTEMS. THE BUILDING OFFICIAL MAY REQUIRE
DISCHARGE CAPACITY AND PRESSURE TESTS ON COMPLETED WET STANDPIPE SYSTEMS.
3) NUMBER REQUIRED — THE NUMBER OF WET STANDPIPE WHEN REQUIRED IN THIS CODE SHALL BE SO
DETERMINED THAT ALL PORTIONS OF THE BUILDING ARE WITHIN 6.00 METERS OF A NOZZLE ATTACHED
TO A HOSE 23.00 METERS IN LENGTH.
4) LOCATION — IN GROUP H AND I OCCUPANCIES, OUTLETS SHALL BE LOCATED AS FOLLOWS: ONE ON EACH
SIDE OF THE STAGE, ONE AT THE REAR OF THE AUDITORIUM AND ONE AT THE REAR OF THE BALCONY.
WHERE OCCUPANT LOADS ARE LESS THAN 500 THE ABOVE REQUIREMENTS MAY BE WAIVED: PROVIDED,
THAT PORTABLE FIRE-EXTINGUISHERS OF APPROPRIATE CAPACITY AND TYPE ARE INSTALLED WITHIN EASY
ACCESS FROM THE SAID LOCATIONS. IN GROUP B, C, D, E, F, AND G OCCUPANCIES LOCATION OF ALL
INTERIOR WET STANDPIPES SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENT FOR DRY STANDPIPES:
PROVIDED, THAT AT LEAST ONE STANDPIPE IS INSTALLED TO COVER NOT MORE THAN 650 SQUARE
METERS.
5) OUTLETS — ALL INTERIOR WET STANDPIPES SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH A 38 MILLIMETER VALVE IN EACH
STOREY, INCLUDING THE BASEMENT OR CELLAR OF THE BUILDING, AND LOCATED NOT LESS THAN 300
MILLIMETERS NOR MORE THAN 1.20 METERS ABOVE THE FLOOR.
6) THREADS — ALL THOSE THREADS USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE INSTALLATION OF SUCH STANDPIPES,
INCLUDING VALVES AND REDUCING FITTINGS SHALL BE UNIFORM WITH THAT PRESCRIBED BY THE
SECRETARY.
7) WATER SUPPLY — ALL INTERIOR WET STANDPIPES SHALL BE CONNECTED TO A STREET MAIN NOT LESS
THAN 100 MILLIMETERS IN DIAMETER, OR WHEN THE WATER PRESSURE IS INSUFFICIENT, TO A WATER
TANK OR SUFFICIENT SIZE AS PROVIDED IN SUBPARAGRAPH (8). WHEN MORE THAN ONE INTERIOR WET
STANDPIPE IS REQUIRED IN THE BUILDING, SUCH STANDPIPE SHALL BE CONNECTED AT THEIR BASES OR AT
THEIR TOPS BY PIPES OF EQUAL SIZE.
8) PRESSURE AND GRAVITY TANKS — TANKS SHALL HAVE A CAPACITY SUFFICIENT TO FURNISH AT LEAST
1,500 LITTERS PER MINUTE FOR PERIOD OF NOT LESS THAN 10 MINUTES. SUCH TANKS SHALL BE LOCATED
SO AS TO PROVIDE NOT LESS THAN 2 KILOGRAMS PER SQ. CM. PRESSURE AT THE TOPMOST BASE OUTLET
FOR ITS ENTIRE SUPPLY. DISCHARGE PIPES FROM PRESSURE TANKS EXTEND 50 MILLIMETERS INTO AND
ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF SUCH TANKS. ALL TANKS SHALL BE TESTED IN PLACE AFTER INSTALLATION AND
PROVED TIGHT AT A HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE FIFTY PERCENT IN EXCESS OF THE WORKING PRESSURE
REQUIRED. WHERE SUCH TANKS ARE USED FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES THE SUPPLY PIPE FOR SUCH
PURPOSES SHALL BE LOCATED AT OR ABOVE THE CENTER LINE OF SUCH TANKS. INCOMBUSTIBLE
SUPPORTS SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR ALL SUCH SUPPLY TANKS AND NOT LESS THAN A 900 MILLIMETERS
CLEARANCE SHALL BE MAINTAINED OVER THE TOP AND UNDER THE BOTTOM OF ALL PRESSURE TANKS.

14 | P a g e
 9) FIRE PUMPS — FIRE PUMPS SHALL HAVE A CAPACITY OF NOT LESS THAN 1,000 LITERS PER MINUTE WITH A
PRESSURE OF NOT LESS THAN 2 KILOGRAMS PER SQ. CM. AT THE TOPMOST HOSE OUTLET. THE SOURCE OF
SUPPLY FOR SUCH PUMP SHALL BE A STREET WATER MAIN OF NOT LESS THAN 100 MM, DIAMETER OR A
WELL OR CISTERN CONTAINING A ONE-HOUR SUPPLY. SUCH PUMPS SHALL BE SUPPLIED WITH AN
ADEQUATE SOURCE OF POWER AND SHALL BE AUTOMATIC IN OPERATION.
10) HOSE AND HOSE REELS — EACH HOSE OUTLET OF ALL INTERIOR WET STANDPIPE SHALL BE SUPPLIED WITH
A HOSE NOT LESS THAN 38 MILLIMETERS IN DIAMETER. SUCH HOSE SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH A SUITABLE
BRASS OR BRONZE NOZZLE AND SHALL BE NOT OVER 23.00 METERS IN LENGTH. AN APPROVED STANDARD
FORM OF WALL HOSE REEL OR RACK SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR THE HOSE AND SHALL BE LOCATED SO AS TO
MAKE THE HOSE READILY ACCESSIBLE AT ALL TIMES AND SHALL BE RECESSED IN THE WALLS OR
PROTECTED BY SUITABLE CABINETS.
D. BASEMENT PIPE INLETS — BASEMENT PIPE INLETS SHALL BE INSTALLED IN THE FIRST FLOOR OF EVERY STORE,
WAREHOUSE, OR FACTORY WHERE THERE ARE CELLARS OR BASEMENTS UNDER SAME: EXCEPT, WHEREIN
SUCH CELLARS OR BASEMENTS THERE IS INSTALLED A FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM AS SPECIFIED IN THIS
CODE OR WHERE SUCH CELLARS OR BASEMENT ARE USED FOR BANKING PURPOSES, SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS,
OR SIMILAR USES.
1) MATERIAL — ALL BASEMENT PIPE INLETS SHALL BE OF CAST IRON, STEEL, BRASS, OR BRONZE WITH LIDS
OF CAST BRASS OR BRONZE AND SHALL CONSIST OF A SLEEVE NOT LESS THAN 200 MILLIMETERS IN
DIAMETER THROUGH THE FLOOR EXTENDING TO AND FLUSH WITH THE CEILING BELOW AND WITH A TOP
FLANGE, RECESSED WITH AN INSIDE SHOULDER, TO RECEIVE THE LID AND FLUSH WITH THE FINISHED
FLOOR SURFACE. THE LID SHALL BE A SOLID CASTING AND SHALL HAVE A RING LIFT RECESSED ON THE TOP
THEREOF, SO AS TO FLUSHED. THE LID SHALL HAVE THE WORDS "FOR FIRE DEPARTMENT ONLY, DO NOT
COVER UP" CAST ON THE TOP THEREOF. THE LID SHALL BE INSTALLED IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO PERMIT
ITS REMOVAL READILY FROM THE INLET.
2) LOCATION — BASEMENT PIPE INLETS SHALL BE STRATEGICALLY LOCATED AND KEPT READILY ACCESSIBLE
AT ALL TIMES TO THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.
3) APPROVAL — ALL FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS, INCLUDING AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS, WET AND DRY
STANDPIPES, AUTOMATIC CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHERS, BASEMENT PIPE INLETS, AND THE APPURTENANCES
THERETO SHALL MEET THE APPROVAL OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT AS TO INSTALLATION AND LOCATION
AND SHALL BE SUBJECT TO SUCH PERIODIC TEST AS IT MAY REQUIRE.

SECTION 1301

ELECTRICAL REGULATIONS. — ALL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATION MENTIONED IN THIS CODE
SHALL CONFORM TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE, AS ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING PURSUANT TO REPUBLIC ACT NO. 184 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAW.

SECTION 1302

MECHANICAL REGULATIONS. — ALL MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS MENTIONED IN THIS
CODE SHALL CONFORM TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CODE, AS ADOPTED BY THE
BOARD OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PURSUANT TO COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 294 AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LAW.

15 | P a g e
VIII. SITE ANALYSIS:

IX. BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 344

SECTION 1
IN ORDER TO PROMOTE THE REALIZATION OF THE RIGHTS OF DISABLED PERSONS TO PARTICIPATE FULLY IN THE SOCIAL
LIFE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIETIES IN WHICH THEY LIVE AND THE ENJOYMENT OF THE OPPORTUNITIES
AVAILABLE TO OTHER CITIZENS, NO LICENSE OR PERMIT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION, REPAIR OR RENOVATION OF PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS FOR PUBLIC USE, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, AIRPORTS, SPORTS AND RECREATION CENTERS
AND COMPLEXES, SHOPPING CENTERS OR ESTABLISHMENTS, PUBLIC PARKING PLACES, WORKPLACES, PUBLIC UTILITIES,
SHALL BE GRANTED OR ISSUED UNLESS THE OWNER OR OPERATOR THEREOF SHALL INSTALL AND INCORPORATE IN SUCH
BUILDING, ESTABLISHMENT, INSTITUTION OR PUBLIC UTILITY, SUCH ARCHITECTURAL FACILITIES OR STRUCTURAL
FEATURES AS SHALL REASONABLY ENHANCE THE MOBILITY OF DISABLED PERSONS SUCH AS SIDEWALKS, RAMPS,
RAILINGS AND THE LIKE. IF FEASIBLE, ALL SUCH EXISTING BUILDINGS, INSTITUTIONS, ESTABLISHMENTS, OR PUBLIC
UTILITIES MAY BE RENOVATED OR ALTERED TO ENABLE THE DISABLED PERSONS TO HAVE ACCESS TO THEM: PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, THAT BUILDINGS, INSTITUTIONS, ESTABLISHMENTS, OR PUBLIC UTILITIES TO BE CONSTRUCTED OR
ESTABLISHED FOR WHICH LICENSES OR PERMITS HAD ALREADY BEEN ISSUED MAY COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS
OF THIS LAW: PROVIDED, FURTHER, THAT IN CASE OF GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, STREETS AND HIGHWAYS, THE
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS SHALL SEE TO IT THAT THE SAME SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH
ARCHITECTURAL FACILITIES OR STRUCTURAL FEATURES FOR DISABLED PERSONS.

16 | P a g e
IN THE CASE OF THE PARKING PLACE OF ANY OF THE ABOVE INSTITUTIONS, BUILDINGS, OR ESTABLISHMENTS, OR PUBLIC
UTILITIES, THE OWNER OR OPERATOR SHALL RESERVE SUFFICIENT AND SUITABLE SPACE FOR THE USE OF DISABLED
PERSONS.
SECTION 2
IN CASE OF PUBLIC CONVEYANCE, DEVICES SUCH AS THE PROMINENT DISPLAY OF POSTERS OR STICKERS SHALL BE USED
TO GENERATE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THE RIGHTS OF THE DISABLED AND FOSTER UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR SPECIAL
NEEDS. SPECIAL BUS STOPS SHALL BE DESIGNED FOR DISABLED PERSONS. DISCRIMINATING AGAINST DISABLED PERSONS
IN THE CARRIAGE OR TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS IS HEREBY DECLARED UNLAWFUL.
SECTION 3
THE MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS AND THE MINISTER OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS, IN
COORDINATION WITH THE NATIONAL COMMISSION CONCERNING DISABLED PERSONS, SHALL PREPARE THE NECESSARY
RULES AND REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT.
SECTION 4
ANY PERSON VIOLATING ANY PROVISION OF THIS ACT OR OF THE RULES AND REGULATIONS PROMULGATED HEREUNDER
SHALL, UPON CONVICTION BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION, SUFFER THE PENALTY OF IMPRISONMENT OF
NOT LESS THAN ONE MONTH BUT NOT MORE THAN ONE YEAR OR A FINE OF P2,000 TO P5,000 OR BOTH, AT THE
DISCRETION OF THE COURT: PROVIDED, THAT IN THE CASE OF CORPORATIONS, PARTNERSHIPS, COOPERATIVES OR
ASSOCIATIONS, THE PRESIDENT, MANAGER OR ADMINISTRATOR, OR THE PERSON WHO HAS CHARGE OF THE
CONSTRUCTION, REPAIR OR RENOVATION OF THE BUILDING, SPACE OR UTILITIES SHALL BE CRIMINALLY RESPONSIBLE
FOR ANY VIOLATION OF THIS ACT AND/OR RULES AND REGULATIONS PROMULGATED PURSUANT THERETO.
SECTION 5
ALL LAWS, EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORDERS, RULES, AND REGULATIONS INCONSISTENT WITH THE FOREGOING
PROVISIONS ARE HEREBY REPEALED OR AMENDED ACCORDINGLY.
SECTION 6
THIS ACT SHALL TAKE EFFECT UPON ITS APPROVAL.

17 | P a g e