CHAPTER 8

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS (CLASS VII )

1. Modes of Reproduction: Reproduction in plants can occur through two primary modes:
sexual and asexual.

2. Sexual Reproduction:

(a) Sexual reproduction involves the formation of seeds through the fusion of male and
female reproductive cells (gametes).
(b) Flowers are the reproductive organs of angiosperms (flowering plants) and play a
crucial role in sexual reproduction.
(c) Pollination is the process by which pollen grains from the male part of the flower
(anther) are transferred to the female part (stigma). It can be of two types: self-
pollination and cross-pollination.
(d) Fertilization occurs when the pollen grain reaches the ovule, leading to the
formation of a zygote, which develops into a seed.

3. Asexual Reproduction:

(a) Asexual reproduction involves the production of new plants without the
involvement of seeds or spores.
(b) Various methods of asexual reproduction include vegetative propagation,
budding, and fragmentation.
(c) Vegetative propagation involves the use of plant parts such as stems, roots, and
leaves to develop new plants.
(d) Examples of vegetative propagation include cutting, layering, and grafting.

4. Importance of Reproduction in Plants:

(a) Reproduction ensures the survival and continuity of plant species.

5. Seed Dispersal:

(a) After fertilization, plants produce seeds that need to be dispersed to ensure the
growth of new plants in different locations.
(b) Different methods of seed dispersal are explained, such as wind, water, animals,
and explosion.

6. Importance of Flowers: Flowers serve as the reproductive structures in angiosperms

1. In plants, ________________ is the process by which new plants are produced from the parent
plant.
2. The male reproductive part of a flower is called the ________________.
3. The female reproductive part of a flower is called the ________________.
4. In the process of fertilization, the ________________ from the pollen grain fuses with the
________________ in the ovule.
5. The tiny new plant that develops from the fertilized ovule is called the ________________.
6. Asexual reproduction in plants can occur through methods such as ________________,
________________, and ________________.
7. In vegetative propagation, new plants are grown from various plant parts like ________________,
________________, and ________________.
8. In ________________ reproduction, a single parent plant produces many offspring that are
genetically identical to the parent.
9. ________________ is a method of asexual reproduction in which a portion of the stem is buried in
the soil to grow a new plant.
10. ________________ is the process of growing a plant from a leaf or a part of a leaf.
11. ________________ is a method of asexual reproduction in which a new plant develops from an
underground modified stem.
12. ________________ is a method of asexual reproduction in which a new plant develops from a
specialized bud.
13. In ________________ reproduction, plants produce seeds and new plants through the formation
of flowers and pollination.
14. The transfer of pollen from the stamen of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or a different
flower of the same kind is called ________________.
15. Fruits are formed from the ________________ of the flower after fertilization.
16. The process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is known as
________________.
17. After fertilization, the ovule develops into a ________________.
18. The process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the fusion of ________________
and ________________.
19. ________________ is a type of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants develop from the
roots.
20. The part of the plant that contains the female reproductive organs is called the
________________.
21. The colorful and attractive part of the flower, which attracts pollinators, is called the
________________.
22. In sexual reproduction, the male gamete is the ________________ and the female gamete is the
________________.
23. ________________ is a method of asexual reproduction in which a portion of a plant's root is used
to grow a new plant.
24. The process of the fusion of a male gamete with a female gamete to form a zygote is called
________________.
25. In plants, seeds are dispersed by various methods such as wind, water, animals, and
________________.
26. The process of shedding or releasing mature seeds from a plant is called ________________.
27. In a flower, the female reproductive organ consists of the ________________ and the
________________.
28. A fruit develops from the ________________ of a flower.
29. A ________________ is a reproductive structure that contains the male or female reproductive
cells.
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30. ________________ is a form of asexual reproduction in which new plants grow from specialized
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structures called runners.