25/9/2018 Conversion of units - Wikipedia

Conversion of units
Conv ersion of units is the conv ersion between different units of measurement for the same quantity ,
ty pically through multiplicativ e conv ersion factors.

Contents
Techniques
Process overview
Conversion factors
Software tools
Tables of conversion factors
Length
Area
Volume
Plane angle
Solid angle
Mass
Density
Time
Frequency
Speed or velocity
Flow (volume)
Acceleration
Force
Pressure or mechanical stress
Torque or moment of force
Energy
Power or heat flow rate
Action
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Electric current
Electric charge
Electric dipole
Electromotive force, electric potential difference
Electrical resistance
Capacitance
Magnetic flux
Magnetic flux density
Inductance
Temperature
Information entropy
Luminous intensity

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Luminance
Luminous flux
Illuminance
Radiation – source activity
Radiation – exposure
Radiation – absorbed dose
Radiation – equivalent dose
See also
Notes and references
External links

Techniques

Process overview
The process of conv ersion depends on the specific situation and the intended purpose. This may be
gov erned by regulation, contract, technical specifications or other published standards. Engineering
judgment may include such factors as:

The precision and accuracy of measurement and the associated uncertainty of measurement.
The statistical confidence interval or tolerance interval of the initial measurement.
The number of significant figures of the measurement.
The intended use of the measurement including the engineering tolerances.
Historical definitions of the units and their derivatives used in old measurements; e.g., international foot vs.
US survey foot.
Some conv ersions from one sy stem of units to another need to be exact, without increasing or decreasing
the precision of the first measurement. This is sometimes called soft conversion. It does not inv olv e
changing the phy sical configuration of the item being measured.

By contrast, a hard conversion or an adaptive conversion may not be exactly equiv alent. It changes the
measurement to conv enient and workable numbers and units in the new sy stem. It sometimes inv olv es a
slightly different configuration, or size substitution, of the item. Nominal v alues are sometimes allowed
and used.

Conversion factors
A conv ersion factor is used to change the units of a measured quantity without changing its v alue. The
unity bracket m ethod of unit conv ersion[1] consists of a fraction in which the denominator is equal to
the numerator, but they are in different units. Because of the identity property of multiplication, the v alue
of a quantity will not change as long as it is multiplied by one. [2] Also, if the numerator and denominator of
a fraction are equal to each other, then the fraction is equal to one. So as long as the numerator and
denominator of the fraction are equiv alent, they will not affect the v alue of the measured quantity .

The following example demonstrates how the unity bracket method is used to conv ert the rate 5
kilometers per second to meters per second. The sy mbols km, m, and s represent kilometer, meter, and
second, respectiv ely .

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Thus, it is found that 5 kilometers per second is equal to 5000 meters per second.

Software tools
There are many conv ersion tools. They are found in the function libraries of applications such as
spreadsheets databases, in calculators, and in macro packages and plugins for many other applications
such as the mathematical, scientific and technical applications.

There are many standalone applications that offer the thousands of the v arious units with conv ersions.
For example, the free software mov ement offers a command line utility GNU units (https://www.gnu.org/
software/units/) for Linux and Windows.

Tables of conversion factors

This article giv es lists of conv ersion factors for each of a number of phy sical quantities, which are listed in
the index. For each phy sical quantity , a number of different units (some only of historical interest) are
shown and expressed in terms of the corresponding SI unit. Conv ersions between units in the metric
sy stem are defined by their prefixes (for example, 1 kilogram = 1000 grams, 1 milligram = 0.001 grams)
and are thus not listed in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another
name (for example, 1 micron = 10 −6 metre). Within each table, the units are listed alphabetically , and the
SI units (base or deriv ed) are highlighted.

Legend

Symbol Definition

≡ exactly equal

≈ approximately equal to

digits indicates that digits repeat infinitely (e.g. 8.294 369 corresponds to 8.294 369 369 369 369 …)

(H) of chiefly historical interest

Length

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Length

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

ångström Å ≡ 1 × 10−10 m ≡ 0.1 nm

≡ 149 597 870 700 m

astronomical unit AU ≡ 149 597 870 700 m [3]
≈ Distance from Earth to Sun

attometre am ≡ 1 × 10−18 m ≡ 1 × 10−18 m

= 1⁄3 in (see note above about

barleycorn (H) ≈ 8.46 × 10−3 m
rounding)

bohr, atomic unit of ≈

a0 = Bohr radius of hydrogen
length 5.291 772 1092(17) × 10−11 m[4]

cable length
≡ 608 ft ≈ 185.3184 m
(imperial)

cable length
≡ 1⁄10 nmi ≡ 185.2 m
(International)

cable length (US) ≡ 720 ft = 219.456 m

chain (Gunter's; [5]

ch ≡ 66 ft (US) ≡ 4 rods ≈ 20.116 84 m
Surveyor's)

≡ Distance from fingers to elbow ≈

cubit (H) ≈ 0.5 m
18 in

ell (H) ell ≡ 45 in [6] (In England usually) = 1.143 m

fathom ftm ≡ 6 ft [6] = 1.8288 m

femtometre fm ≡ 1 × 10−15 m ≡ 1 × 10−15 m

fermi fm ≡ 1 × 10−15 m[6] ≡ 1 × 10−15 m

finger ≡ 7⁄8 in = 0.022 225 m

finger (cloth) ≡ 41⁄2 in = 0.1143 m

foot (Benoît) (H) ft (Ben) ≈ 0.304 799 735 m

Legally defined as 1.033 English

foot (Cape) (H) ≈ 0.314 858 m
feet in 1859

foot (Clarke's) (H) ft (Cla) ≈ 0.304 797 2654 m

foot (Indian) (H) ft Ind ≈ 0.304 799 514 m

foot, metric mf ≡ √ 1⁄10 m ≈ 0.31622776602 m

foot, metric (long) lmf ≡ 1⁄3 m ≈ 0.3 m

foot, metric (short) smf ≡ 0.30 m ≡ 0.30 m

foot (International) ft ≡ 0.3048 m ≡ 1⁄3 yd ≡ 12 inches ≡ 0.3048 m

foot (Sear's) (H) ft (Sear) ≈ 0.304 799 47 m

foot (US Survey) ft (US) ≡ 1200⁄ m [7] ≈ 0.304 800 610 m

3937

french; charriere F ≡ 1⁄3 mm = 0.3 × 10−3 m

furlong fur ≡ 10 chains = 660 ft = 220 yd [6] = 201.168 m

[6]
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hand ≡ 4 in [6] ≡ 0.1016 m

inch (International) in ≡ 2.54 cm ≡ 1⁄36 yd ≡ 1⁄12 ft ≡ 0.0254 m

≈ 1 hour walk, Currently defined in

league (land) lea US as 3 Statute miles,[5] but ≈ 4828 m
historically varied from 2 to 9 km

light-day ≡ 24 light-hours ≡ 2.590 206 837 12 × 1013 m

light-hour ≡ 60 light-minutes ≡ 1.079 252 8488 × 1012 m

light-minute ≡ 60 light-seconds ≡ 1.798 754 748 × 1010 m

≡ Distance light travels in one

light-second ≡ 299 792 458 m
second in vacuum

≡ Distance light travels in vacuum

light-year ly = 9.460 730 472 5808 × 1015 m
in 365.25 days [8]

line ln ≡ 1⁄12 in [9] = 0.002 116 m

link (Gunter's; ≡ 1⁄100 ch [6] ≡ 0.66 ft (US) ≡

lnk ≈ 0.201 1684 m
Surveyor's) 7.92 in

link (Ramsden's; [6]

lnk ≡ 1 ft = 0.3048 m
Engineer's)

≡ Distance light travels in

1⁄
299 792 458 of a second in
metre (SI base unit)
m vacuum.[10] ≡1m
(meter)
≈ 1⁄10 000 000 of the distance from
equator to pole.

mickey ≡ 1⁄200 in = 1.27 × 10−4 m

micrometre (old:
μ; μm ≡ 1 × 10−6 m ≡ 1 × 10−6 m
micron)

mil; thou mil ≡ 1 × 10−3 in ≡ 2.54 × 10−5 m

mil (Sweden and

mil ≡ 10 km = 10 000 m
Norway)

mile (geographical)
≡ 6082 ft = 1 853.7936 m
(H)

mile (international) mi ≡ 80 chains ≡ 5280 ft ≡ 1760 yd ≡ 1 609.344 m

mile (tactical or
≡ 6000 ft ≡ 1 828.8 m
data)

mile (telegraph) (H) mi ≡ 6087 ft = 1 855.3176 m

≡ 5280 US Survey feet ≡ (5280 ×

mile (US Survey) mi 1200⁄ ≈ 1 609.347 219 m
3937) m

nail (cloth) ≡ 21⁄4 in [6] = 0.057 15 m

nanometre nm ≡ 1 × 10−9 m ≡ 1 × 10−9 m

nautical league NL; nl ≡ 3 nmi [6] = 5556 m

nautical mile NM (Adm);

= 6080 ft = 1 853.184 m
(Admiralty) nmi (Adm)

nautical mile
[11]
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(international) NM; nmi ≡ 1852 m[11] ≡ 1852 m

nautical mile (US pre

≡ 1853.248 m ≡ 1853.248 m
1954)

pace ≡ 2.5 ft [6] = 0.762 m

palm ≡ 3 in [6] = 0.0762 m

Distant point with a parallax shift

of one arc second from a base of
parsec pc one astronomical unit. ≈ 30 856 775 814 913 700 m[14]
648 000
≡ π AU[12][13]

pica ≡ 12 points Dependent on point measures.

picometre pm ≡ 1 × 10−12 m ≡ 1 × 10−12 m

point (American,
pt ≡ 1⁄72.272 in ≈ 0.000 351 450 m
English)[15][16]

≡ 1⁄12 × 1⁄72 of pied du roi; ≈ 0.000 375 97 m;

point (Didot;
pt
European) [16][17] After 1878: After 1878:
≡ 5⁄133 cm ≈ 0.000 375 939 85 m

point (PostScript) [15] pt ≡ 1⁄72 in = 0.000 3527 m

point (TeX) [15] pt ≡ 1⁄72.27 in = 0.000 351 4598 m

quarter ≡ 1⁄4 yd = 0.2286 m

rod; pole; perch (H) rd ≡ 161⁄2 ft = 5.0292 m

rope (H) rope ≡ 20 ft [6] = 6.096 m

shaku (Japan) ≡ 10/33 m ≈ 0.303 0303 m

span (H) ≡ 9 in [6] = 0.2286 m

spat [18] ≡ 1 × 1012 m

stick (H) ≡ 2 in = 0.0508 m

toise (French, post

T ≡ 27000/13853 m ≈ 1.949 0363 m
1667) (H)

twip twp ≡ 1⁄1440 in = 1.7638 × 10−5 m

x unit; siegbahn xu ≈ 1.0021 × 10−13 m [6]

yard (International) yd ≡ 0.9144 m [7] ≡ 3 ft ≡ 36 in ≡ 0.9144 m

yoctometre ym ≡ 1 × 10−24 m ≡ 1 × 10−24 m

zeptometre zm ≡ 1 × 10−21 m ≡ 1 × 10−21 m

Area

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Area

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

acre (international) ac ≡ 1 ch × 10 ch = 4840 sq yd ≡ 4 046.856 4224 m2

≡ 10 sq ch = 4840 sq yd, also

acre (US survey) ac ≈ 4 046.873 m2[19]
43 560 sq ft

are a ≡ 100 m2 ≡ 100 m2

barn b ≡ 10−28 m2 ≡ 10−28 m2

barony ≡ 4000 ac ≡ 1.618 742 568 96 × 107 m2

board bd ≡ 1 in × 1 ft ≡ 7.741 92 × 10−3 m2

boiler horsepower equivalent bhp

≡ 1 ft2 × 1 bhp / (240 BTUIT/h) ≈ 12.958 174 m2
direct radiation EDR

circular inch circ in ≡ π ⁄4 sq in ≈ 5.067 075 × 10−4 m2

circular mil; circular thou circ mil ≡ π ⁄4 mil2 ≈ 5.067 075 × 10−10 m2

cord ≡ 192 bd ≡ 1.486 448 64 m2

≡ 1 cda x 1 cda = 0.971 222

cuerda (PR Survey) cda ≡ 3 930.395 625 m2
acre

dunam ≡ 1000 m2 = 1000 m2

guntha (India) ≡ 121 sq yd ≈ 101.17 m2

hectare ha ≡ 10 000 m2 ≡ 10 000 m2

hide ≈ 120 ac (variable) ≈ 5 × 105 m2

rood ro ≡ 1⁄4 ac = 1 011.714 1056 m2

ping ≡ 20⁄ m× 20⁄ m ≈ 3.306 m2

11 11

section ≡ 1 mi × 1 mi = 2.589 988 110 336 × 106 m2

shed ≡ 10−52 m2 = 10−52 m2

square (roofing) ≡ 10 ft × 10 ft = 9.290 304 m2

square chain (international) sq ch ≡ 66 ft × 66 ft = 1⁄10 ac ≡ 404.685 642 24 m2

≡ 66 ft (US) × 66 ft (US) = 1⁄10

square chain (US Survey) sq ch ≈ 404.6873 m2
US survey acre

square foot sq ft ≡ 1 ft × 1 ft ≡ 9.290 304 × 10−2 m2

≈
square foot (US Survey) sq ft ≡ 1 ft (US) × 1 ft (US)
9.290 341 161 3275 × 10−2 m2

square inch sq in ≡ 1 in × 1 in ≡ 6.4516 × 10−4 m2

square kilometre km2 ≡ 1 km × 1 km = 106 m2

square link (Gunter's)

sq lnk ≡ 1 lnk × 1 lnk ≡ 0.66 ft × 0.66 ft = 4.046 856 4224 × 10−2 m2
(International)

square link (Gunter's)(US ≡ 1 lnk × 1 lnk ≡

sq lnk ≈ 4.046 872 × 10−2 m2
Survey) 0.66 ft (US) × 0.66 ft (US)

square link (Ramsden's) sq lnk ≡ 1 lnk × 1 lnk ≡ 1 ft × 1 ft = 0.092 903 04 m2

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square metre (SI unit) m2 ≡1m×1m = 1 m2

square mil; square thou sq mil ≡ 1 mil × 1 mil = 6.4516 × 10−10 m2

square mile sq mi ≡ 1 mi × 1 mi ≡ 2.589 988 110 336 × 106 m2

square mile (US Survey) sq mi ≡ 1 mi (US) × 1 mi (US) ≈ 2.589 998 47 × 106 m2

square rod/pole/perch sq rd ≡ 1 rd × 1 rd = 25.292 852 64 m2

square yard (International) sq yd ≡ 1 yd × 1 yd ≡ 0.836 127 36 m2

stremma ≡ 1000 m2 = 1000 m2

township ≡ 36 sq mi (US) ≈ 9.323 994 × 107 m2

yardland ≈ 30 ac ≈ 1.2 × 105 m2

Volume

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Volume

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

acre-foot ac ft ≡ 1 ac x 1 ft = 43 560 cu ft = 1 233.481 837 547 52 m3

acre-inch ≡ 1 ac × 1 in = 102.790 153 128 96 m3

barrel (imperial) bl (imp) ≡ 36 gal (imp) = 0.163 659 24 m3

barrel (petroleum); archaic

bl; bbl ≡ 42 gal (US) = 0.158 987 294 928 m3
blue-barrel

≡ 105 qt (US) = 105/32 bu

barrel (US dry) bl (US) = 0.115 628 198 985 075 m3
(US lvl)

barrel (US fluid) fl bl (US) ≡ 311⁄2 gal (US) = 0.119 240 471 196 m3

board-foot fbm ≡ 144 cu in ≡ 2.359 737 216 × 10−3 m3

bucket (imperial) bkt ≡ 4 gal (imp) = 0.018 184 36 m3

bushel (imperial) bu (imp) ≡ 8 gal (imp) = 0.036 368 72 m3

bushel (US dry heaped) bu (US) ≡ 11⁄4 bu (US lvl) = 0.044 048 837 7086 m3

bushel (US dry level) bu (US lvl) ≡ 2 150.42 cu in = 0.035 239 070 166 88 m3

butt, pipe ≡ 126 gal (wine) = 0.476 961 884 784 m3

coomb ≡ 4 bu (imp) = 0.145 474 88 m3

cord (firewood) ≡ 8 ft × 4 ft × 4 ft = 3.624 556 363 776 m3

cord-foot ≡ 16 cu ft = 0.453 069 545 472 m3

cubic fathom cu fm ≡ 1 fm × 1 fm × 1 fm = 6.116 438 863 872 m3

cubic foot ft3 ≡ 1 ft × 1 ft × 1 ft ≡ 0.028 316 846 592 m3

cubic inch in3 ≡ 1 in × 1 in × 1 in ≡ 16.387 064 × 10−6 m3

cubic metre (SI unit) m3 ≡1m×1m×1m ≡ 1 m3

≡ 4 168 181 825.440 579 584 m

cubic mile cu mi ≡ 1 mi × 1 mi × 1 mi 3

cubic yard yd3 ≡ 27 cu ft ≡ 0.764 554 857 984 m3

cup (breakfast) ≡ 10 fl oz (imp) = 284.130 625 × 10−6 m3

cup (Canadian) c (CA) ≡ 8 fl oz (imp) = 227.3045 × 10−6 m3

cup (metric) c ≡ 250.0 × 10−6 m3 = 250.0 × 10−6 m3

cup (US customary) c (US) ≡ 8 US fl oz ≡ 1⁄16 gal (US) = 236.588 2365 × 10−6 m3

cup (US food nutrition labeling) c (US) ≡ 240 mL[20] = 2.4 × 10−4 m3

≡ 1⁄384 gi (imp) = 1⁄2 pinch = 369.961 751 302 083 × 10−9

dash (imperial)
(imp) m3

≡ 1⁄96 US fl oz = 1⁄2 US =
dash (US)
pinch 308.057 599 609 375 × 10−9 m3

dessertspoon (imperial) ≡ 1⁄12 gi (imp) = 11.838 776 0416 × 10−6 m3

drop (imperial) gtt ≡ 1⁄288 fl oz (imp) = 98.656 467 0138 × 10−9 m3

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drop (imperial) (alt) gtt ≡ 1⁄1824 gi (imp) ≈ 77.886 684 × 10−9 m3

drop (medical) ≡ 0.9964⁄ ml = 83.03 × 10−9 m3

12

drop (medical) ≡ 1⁄12 ml = 83.3 × 10−9 m3

drop (metric) ≡ 1⁄20 mL = 50.0 × 10−9 m3

drop (US) gtt ≡ 1⁄360 US fl oz = 82.148 693 229 16 × 10−9 m3

drop (US) (alt) gtt ≡ 1⁄456 US fl oz ≈ 64.854 231 496 71 × 10−9 m3

drop (US) (alt) gtt ≡ 1⁄576 US fl oz ≈ 51.342 933 268 23 × 10−9 m3

fifth ≡ 1⁄5 US gal = 757.082 3568 × 10−6 m3

firkin ≡ 9 gal (imp) = 0.040 914 81 m3

fluid drachm (imperial) fl dr ≡ 1⁄8 fl oz (imp) = 3.551 632 8125 × 10−6 m3

=
fluid dram (US); US fluidram fl dr ≡ 1⁄8 US fl oz
3.696 691 195 3125 × 10−6 m3

fluid scruple (imperial) fl s ≡ 1⁄24 fl oz (imp) = 1.183 877 604 16 × 10−6 m3

gallon (beer) beer gal ≡ 282 cu in = 4.621 152 048 × 10−3 m3

gallon (imperial) gal (imp) ≡ 4.546 09 L ≡ 4.546 09 × 10−3 m3

gallon (US dry) gal (US) ≡ 1⁄8 bu (US lvl) = 4.404 883 770 86 × 10−3 m3

gallon (US fluid; Wine) gal (US) ≡ 231 cu in ≡ 3.785 411 784 × 10−3 m3

gi (imp);
gill (imperial); Noggin ≡ 5 fl oz (imp) = 142.065 3125 × 10−6 m3
nog

gill (US) gi (US) ≡ 4 US fl oz = 118.294 118 25 × 10−6 m3

hogshead (imperial) hhd (imp) ≡ 2 bl (imp) = 0.327 318 48 m3

hogshead (US) hhd (US) ≡ 2 fl bl (US) = 0.238 480 942 392 m3

jigger (bartending) ≡ 11⁄2 US fl oz ≈ 44.36 × 10−6 m3

kilderkin ≡ 18 gal (imp) = 0.081 829 62 m3

lambda λ ≡ 1 mm3 = 1 × 10−9 m3

last ≡ 80 bu (imp) = 2.909 4976 m3

litre
L ≡ 1 dm3 [21] ≡ 0.001 m3
(liter)

load ≡ 50 cu ft = 1.415 842 3296 m3

≡ 1⁄480 fl oz (imp) = 1/60 fl dr

minim (imperial) min = 59.193 880 2083 × 10−9 m3
(imp)

≡ 1⁄480 US fl oz = 1⁄60 US fl =
minim (US) min
dr 61.611 519 921 875 × 10−9 m3

ounce (fluid imperial) fl oz (imp) ≡ 1⁄160 gal (imp) ≡ 28.413 0625 × 10−6 m3

ounce (fluid US customary) US fl oz ≡ 1⁄128 gal (US) ≡ 29.573 529 5625 × 10−6 m3

ounce (fluid US food nutrition

US fl oz ≡ 30 mL[20] ≡ 3 × 10−5 m3
labeling)

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peck (imperial) pk ≡ 2 gal (imp) = 9.092 18 × 10−3 m3

peck (US dry) pk ≡ 1⁄4 US lvl bu = 8.809 767 541 72 × 10−3 m3

perch per ≡ 161⁄2 ft × 11⁄2 ft × 1 ft = 0.700 841 953 152 m3

≡ 1⁄192 gi (imp) = 1/16 tsp = 739.923 502 604 16 × 10−9

pinch (imperial)
(imp) m3

≡ 1⁄48 US fl oz = 1/16 US =
pinch (US)
tsp 616.115 199 218 75 × 10−9 m3

pint (imperial) pt (imp) ≡ 1⁄8 gal (imp) = 568.261 25 × 10−6 m3

pt (US ≡ 1⁄64 bu (US lvl) ≡ 1⁄8 gal

pint (US dry) = 550.610 471 3575 × 10−6 m3
dry) (US dry)

pint (US fluid) pt (US fl) ≡ 1⁄8 gal (US) = 473.176 473 × 10−6 m3

=
pony ≡ 3⁄4 US fl oz
22.180 147 171 875 × 10−6 m3

≡ 1⁄2 gal (imp) = 80 fl oz

pottle; quartern = 2.273 045 × 10−3 m3
(imp)

quart (imperial) qt (imp) ≡ 1⁄4 gal (imp) = 1.136 5225 × 10−3 m3

≡ 1⁄32 bu (US lvl) = 1⁄4 gal

quart (US dry) qt (US) = 1.101 220 942 715 × 10−3 m3
(US dry)

quart (US fluid) qt (US) ≡ 1⁄4 gal (US fl) = 946.352 946 × 10−6 m3

quarter; pail ≡ 8 bu (imp) = 0.290 949 76 m3

register ton ≡ 100 cu ft = 2.831 684 6592 m3

sack (US) ≡ 3 bu (US lvl) = 0.105 717 210 500 64 m3

seam ≡ 8 bu (US lvl) = 0.281 912 561 335 04 m3

shot (US) usually 1.5 US fl oz[18] ≈ 44 × 10−6 m3

strike (imperial) ≡ 2 bu (imp) = 0.072 737 44 m3

strike (US) ≡ 2 bu (US lvl) = 0.070 478 140 333 76 m3

tablespoon (Australian metric) ≡ 20.0 × 10−6 m3

tablespoon (Canadian) tbsp ≡ 1⁄2 fl oz (imp) = 14.206 531 25 × 10−6 m3

tablespoon (imperial) tbsp ≡ 5⁄8 fl oz (imp) = 17.758 164 0625 × 10−6 m3

tablespoon (metric) ≡ 15.0 × 10−6 m3

tablespoon (US customary) tbsp ≡ 1⁄2 US fl oz = 14.786 764 781 25 × 10−6 m3

tablespoon (US food nutrition

tbsp ≡ 15 mL[20] = 1.5 × 10−5 m3
labeling)

teaspoon (Canadian) tsp ≡ 1⁄6 fl oz (imp) = 4.735 510 416 × 10−6 m3

teaspoon (imperial) tsp ≡ 1⁄24 gi (imp) = 5.919 388 020 83 × 10−6 m3

teaspoon (metric) ≡ 5.0 × 10−6 m3 = 5.0 × 10−6 m3

teaspoon (US customary) tsp ≡ 1⁄6 US fl oz = 4.928 921 593 75 × 10−6 m3

[20] −6 3
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teaspoon (US food nutrition tsp ≡ 5 mL[20] = 5 × 10−6 m3

labeling)

timber foot ≡ 1 cu ft = 0.028 316 846 592 m3

ton (displacement) ≡ 35 cu ft = 0.991 089 630 72 m3

ton (freight) ≡ 40 cu ft = 1.132 673 863 68 m3

ton (water) ≡ 28 bu (imp) = 1.018 324 16 m3

tun ≡ 252 gal (wine) = 0.953 923 769 568 m3

wey (US) ≡ 40 bu (US lvl) = 1.409 562 806 6752 m3

Plane angle

Plane angle

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

angular mil µ ≡ 2π ⁄ rad ≈ 0.981 748 × 10−3 rad

6400

arcminute; MOA ' ≡ 1°⁄ ≈ 0.290 888 × 10−3 rad

60

arcsecond " ≡ 1°⁄ ≈ 4.848 137 × 10−6 rad

3600

centesimal minute of
' ≡ 1⁄100 grad ≈ 0.157 080 × 10−3 rad
arc

centesimal second of
" ≡ 1⁄10 000 grad ≈ 1.570 796 × 10−6 rad
arc

degree (of arc) ° ≡ 1⁄360 of a revolution ≡ π ⁄180 rad ≈ 17.453 293 × 10−3 rad

grad; gradian; gon grad ≡ 1⁄400 of a revolution ≡ π ⁄200 rad ≡ 0.9° ≈ 15.707 963 × 10−3 rad

octant ≡ 45° ≈ 0.785 398 rad

quadrant ≡ 90° ≈ 1.570 796 rad

The angle subtended at the center of a circle

by
an arc whose length is equal to the circle's
radian (SI unit) rad = 1 rad
radius.
One full revolution encompasses 2π radians.

sextant ≡ 60° ≈ 1.047 198 rad

sign ≡ 30° ≈ 0.523 599 rad

Solid angle

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Solid angle

Name of Relation to SI
Symbol Definition
unit units

≡ 4π sr[18] – The solid angle subtended by a sphere

spat ≈ 12.566 37 sr
at its centre.

square deg2; sq.deg.;

≡ (π ⁄180)2 sr ≈ 0.304 62 × 10−3 sr
degree (°)2

The solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere

of radius r
steradian (SI by a portion of the surface of the sphere having an
sr = 1 sr
unit) area r2.
A sphere subtends 4π sr.[18]

Mass
Notes:

See Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion.

Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy weight is the system of mass
where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound.
In this table, the unit gee is used to denote standard gravity in order to avoid confusion with the "g" symbol
for grams.

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Mass

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

≈
atomic mass unit, unified u; AMU Same as dalton (see below)
1.660 539 040(20) × 10−27 kg[22]

atomic unit of mass,

me ≈ 9.109 382 91(40) × 10−31 kg[23]
electron rest mass

bag (coffee) ≡ 60 kg = 60 kg

bag (Portland cement) ≡ 94 lb av = 42.637 682 78 kg

barge ≡ 221⁄2 short ton = 20 411.656 65 kg

carat kt ≡ 31⁄6 gr = 205.196 5483 mg

carat (metric) ct ≡ 200 mg = 200 mg

clove ≡ 8 lb av = 3.628 738 96 kg

≡ mass of 1 L of hydrogen gas

crith ≈ 89.9349 mg
at STP

1/12 the mass of an unbound

neutral atom of
≈
dalton Da carbon-12 in its nuclear and
1.660 538 921(73) × 10−27 kg[22]
electronic
ground state and at rest

dram (apothecary; troy) dr t ≡ 60 gr = 3.887 9346 g

dram (avoirdupois) dr av ≡ 2711⁄32 gr = 1.771 845 195 3125 g

=
electronvolt eV ≡ 1 eV (energy unit) / c2
1.782 661 84(45) × 10−36 kg[24]

gamma γ ≡ 1 μg = 1 μg

grain gr ≡ 1⁄7000 lb av ≡ 64.798 91 mg

grave was the original name of

grave gv. ≡ 1 kg
the kilogram

long cwt
hundredweight (long) ≡ 112 lb av = 50.802 345 44 kg
or cwt

hundredweight (short);
sh cwt ≡ 100 lb av = 45.359 237 kg
cental

≡ mass of the prototype near

kilogram
kg Paris ≡ 1 kg (SI base unit)[10]
(kilogramme)
≈ mass of 1 litre of water

kip kip ≡ 1000 lb av = 453.592 37 kg

mark ≡ 8 oz t = 248.827 8144 g

mite ≡ 1⁄20 gr = 3.239 9455 mg

mite (metric) ≡ 1⁄20 g = 50 mg

ounce (apothecary; troy) oz t ≡ 1⁄12 lb t = 31.103 4768 g

ounce (avoirdupois) oz av ≡ 1⁄16 lb = 28.349 523 125 g

ounce (US food nutrition

[20]
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labelling) oz ≡ 28 g[20] = 28 g

pennyweight dwt; pwt ≡ 1⁄20 oz t = 1.555 173 84 g

point ≡ 1⁄100 ct = 2 mg

≡ 0.453 592 37 kg = 7000

pound (avoirdupois) lb av ≡ 0.453 592 37 kg
grains

pound (metric) ≡ 500 g = 500 g

pound (troy) lb t ≡ 5760 grains = 0.373 241 7216 kg

quarter (imperial) ≡ 1⁄4 long cwt = 2 st = 28 lb av = 12.700 586 36 kg

quarter (informal) ≡ 1⁄4 short ton = 226.796 185 kg

quarter, long (informal) ≡ 1⁄4 long ton = 254.011 7272 kg

quintal (metric) q ≡ 100 kg = 100 kg

scruple (apothecary) s ap ≡ 20 gr = 1.295 9782 g

sheet ≡ 1⁄700 lb av = 647.9891 mg

slug; geepound; hyl slug ≡ 1 ɡ0 × 1 lb av × 1 s2/ft ≈ 14.593 903 kg

stone st ≡ 14 lb av = 6.350 293 18 kg

ton, assay (long) AT ≡ 1 mg × 1 long ton ÷ 1 oz t = 32.6 g

ton, assay (short) AT ≡ 1 mg × 1 short ton ÷ 1 oz t = 29.16 g

long tn or
ton, long ≡ 2240 lb = 1 016.046 9088 kg
ton

ton, short sh tn ≡ 2000 lb = 907.184 74 kg

tonne (mts unit) t ≡ 1000 kg = 1000 kg

= 114.305 277 24 kg (variants

wey ≡ 252 lb = 18 st
exist)

Zentner Ztr. Definitions vary.[18][25]

Density

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Density

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

gram per millilitre g/mL ≡ g/mL = 1000 kg/m3

kilogram per cubic metre (SI unit) kg/m3 ≡ kg/m3 = 1 kg/m3

kilogram per litre kg/L ≡ kg/L = 1000 kg/m3

ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic foot oz/ft3 ≡ oz/ft3 ≈ 1.001 153 961 kg/m3

ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic inch oz/in3 ≡ oz/in3 ≈ 1.729 994 044 × 103 kg/m3

ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon (imperial) oz/gal ≡ oz/gal ≈ 6.236 023 291 kg/m3

ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon (US fluid) oz/gal ≡ oz/gal ≈ 7.489 151 707 kg/m3

pound (avoirdupois) per cubic foot lb/ft3 ≡ lb/ft3 ≈ 16.018 463 37 kg/m3

pound (avoirdupois) per cubic inch lb/in3 ≡ lb/in3 ≈ 2.767 990 471 × 104 kg/m3

pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (imperial) lb/gal ≡ lb/gal ≈ 99.776 372 66 kg/m3

pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (US fluid) lb/gal ≡ lb/gal ≈ 119.826 4273 kg/m3

slug per cubic foot slug/ft3 ≡ slug/ft3 ≈ 515.378 8184 kg/m3

Time

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Time

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

Atomic unit of time au ≡ a0/(α·c) ≈ 2.418 884 254 × 10−17 s

≡ 441 mo (hollow) + 499 mo (full) = 2.396 736 Gs or

Callippic cycle
= 76 a of 365.25 d 2.398 3776 Gs[note 1]

Century c ≡ 100 years (100 a) = 3.155 6952 Gs[note 2][note 3]

Day d = 24 h = 1440 min = 86.4 ks[note 3]

≡ Time needed for the Earth to

rotate once around its axis,
determined from successive
Day (sidereal) d transits of a very distant ≈ 86.1641 ks
astronomical object across an
observer's meridian (International
Celestial Reference Frame)

Decade dec ≡ 10 years (10 a) = 315.569 520 Ms[note 2][note 3]

Fortnight fn ≡ 2 wk = 1.2096 Ms[note 3]

Helek ≡ 1⁄1080 h = 3.3 s

Hipparchic cycle ≡ 4 Callippic cycles - 1 d = 9.593 424 Gs

Hour h ≡ 60 min = 3.6 ks[note 3]

Jiffy j ≡ 1⁄60 s = 16.6 ms

Jiffy (alternative) ja ≡ 1⁄100 s = 10 ms

Ke (quarter of an
≡ 1⁄4 h = 1⁄96 d = 15 min = 900 s
hour)

Ke (traditional) ≡ 1⁄100 d = 14.4 min = 864 s

Lustre; Lustrum ≡ 5 a of 365 d[note 4] = 157.68 Ms

Metonic cycle; ≡ 110 mo (hollow) + 125 mo (full)

= 599.616 Ms
enneadecaeteris = 6940 d ≈ 19 a

Millennium ≡ 1000 years (1000 a) = 31.556 952 Gs[note 2][note 3]

Milliday md ≡ 1⁄1000 d = 86.4 s

≡ 60 s, due to leap seconds

Minute min = 60 s[note 3]
sometimes 59 s or 61 s,

Moment ≡ 90 s = 90 s

Month (full) mo ≡ 30 d[26] = 2.592 × 106 s[note 3]

Month (Greg. av.) mo = 30.436 875 d ≈ 2.6297 Ms[note 3]

Month (hollow) mo ≡ 29 d[26] = 2.5056 Ms[note 3]

Cycle time of moon phases ≈

Month (synodic) mo ≈ 2.551 Ms
29.530 589 d (average)

= 48 mo (full) + 48 mo (hollow) + 3
Octaeteris mo (full)[27][28] = 8 a of 365.25 d = = 252.4608 Ms[note 3]
2922 d

Gℏ 1⁄ −44 [29]
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1⁄
Planck time ≡ (Gℏ ⁄c 5) 2 ≈ 5.391 16 × 10−44 s[29]

Time of 9 192 631 770 periods of

the radiation corresponding to the
transition between the two
hyperfine levels of the ground state
Second s of the caesium 133 atom at 0 K[10] (SI base unit)
(but other seconds are sometimes
used in astronomy). Also that time
it takes for light to travel a
distance of 299 792 458 metres.

Shake ≡ 10−8 s = 10 ns

Sigma ≡ 10−6 s = 1 μs

Sothic cycle ≡ 1461 a of 365 d = 46.074 096 Gs

Svedberg S ≡ 10−13 s = 100 fs

Week wk ≡ 7 d = 168 h = 10 080 min = 604.8 ks[note 3]

Year (common) a, y, or yr 365 d = 31.536 Ms[note 3][note 3][30]

= 365.2425 d average, calculated

from common years (365 d) plus
Year (Gregorian) a, y, or yr leap years (366 d) on most years = 31.556 952 Ms[note 3]
divisible by 4. See leap year for
details.

= 365.25 d average, calculated

from common years (365 d) plus
Year (Julian) a, y, or yr = 31.5576 Ms
one leap year (366 d) every four
years

Year (leap) a, y, or yr 366 d = 31.6224 Ms[note 3][30]

Conceptually, the length of time it

takes for the Sun to return to the
same position in the cycle of
Year (mean tropical) a, y, or yr ≈ 31.556 925 Ms
seasons, [Converter 1]
approximately 365.242 19 d, each
day being 86 400 SI seconds[31]

≡ Time taken for Sun to return to

the same position with respect to
Year (sidereal) a, y, or yr ≈ 31.558 149 7632 Ms
the stars of the celestial sphere,
approximately 365.256 363 d

Notes:

1. see Callippic cycle for explanation of the differences

2. This is based on the average Gregorian year. See above for definition of year lengths.
3. Where UTC is observed, the length of this unit may increase or decrease
depending on the number of leap seconds which occur during the time interval in question.
4. The length of ancient lustral cycles was not constant; see Lustrum for more details

Frequency

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Frequency

Relation to SI
Name of unit Symbol Definition
units

hertz (SI unit) Hz ≡ Number of cycles per second = 1 Hz = 1/s

revolutions per ≡ One unit rpm equals one rotation completed around a ≈
rpm
minute fixed axis in one minute of time. 0.104 719 755 rad/s

Speed or velocity

Speed

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

foot per hour fph ≡ 1 ft/h = 8.46 × 10−5 m/s

foot per minute fpm ≡ 1 ft/min = 5.08 × 10−3 m/s

foot per second fps ≡ 1 ft/s = 3.048 × 10−1 m/s

furlong per fortnight ≡ furlong/fortnight ≈ 1.663 095 × 10−4 m/s

inch per hour iph ≡ 1 in/h = 7.05 × 10−6 m/s

inch per minute ipm ≡ 1 in/min = 4.23 × 10−4 m/s

inch per second ips ≡ 1 in/s = 2.54 × 10−2 m/s

kilometre per hour km/h ≡ 1 km/h = 2.7 × 10−1 m/s

knot kn ≡ 1 nmi/h = 1.852 km/h = 0.514 m/s

≡ 1 NM (Adm)/h =
knot (Admiralty) kn = 0.514 773 m/s
1.853 184 km/h

Ratio of the speed to the

mach number M speed of sound[note 1] in ≈ 340 to 295 m/s
the medium (unitless).

metre per second (SI unit) m/s ≡ 1 m/s = 1 m/s

mile per hour mph ≡ 1 mi/h = 0.447 04 m/s

mile per minute mpm ≡ 1 mi/min = 26.8224 m/s

mile per second mps ≡ 1 mi/s = 1 609.344 m/s

speed of light in vacuum c ≡ 299 792 458 m/s = 299 792 458 m/s

1225 to 1062 km/h (761–

speed of sound in air s 660 mph or 661– ≈ 340 to 295 m/s
574 kn)[note 1]

Note

1. The speed of sound varies especially with temperature and pressure from about 1225 km/h (761 mph or
661 kn)
in air at sea level to about 1062 km/h (660 mph or 570 kn) at jet altitudes (12 200 m or 40 000 ft).[32]

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A v elocity consists of a speed combined with a direction; the speed part of the v elocity takes units of
speed.

Flow (volume)

Flow

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

cubic foot per minute CFM ≡ 1 ft3/min = 4.719 474 432 × 10−4 m3/s

cubic foot per second ft3/s ≡ 1 ft3/s = 0.028 316 846 592 m3/s

cubic inch per minute in3/min ≡ 1 in3/min = 2.731 1773 × 10−7 m3/s

cubic inch per second in3/s ≡ 1 in3/s = 1.638 7064 × 10−5 m3/s

cubic metre per second (SI unit) m3/s ≡ 1 m3/s = 1 m3/s

gallon (US fluid) per day GPD ≡ 1 gal/d = 4.381 263 638 × 10−8 m3/s

gallon (US fluid) per hour GPH ≡ 1 gal/h = 1.051 503 273 × 10−6 m3/s

gallon (US fluid) per minute GPM ≡ 1 gal/min = 6.309 019 64 × 10−5 m3/s

litre per minute LPM ≡ 1 L/min = 1.6 × 10−5 m3/s

Acceleration

Acceleration

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

foot per hour per second fph/s ≡ 1 ft/(h·s) = 8.46 × 10−5 m/s2

foot per minute per second fpm/s ≡ 1 ft/(min·s) = 5.08 × 10−3 m/s2

foot per second squared fps2 ≡ 1 ft/s2 = 3.048 × 10−1 m/s2

gal; galileo Gal ≡ 1 cm/s2 = 10−2 m/s2

inch per minute per second ipm/s ≡ 1 in/(min·s) = 4.23 × 10−4 m/s2

inch per second squared ips2 ≡ 1 in/s2 = 2.54 × 10−2 m/s2

knot per second kn/s ≡ 1 kn/s ≈ 5.14 × 10−1 m/s2

metre per second squared (SI unit) m/s2 ≡ 1 m/s2 = 1 m/s2

mile per hour per second mph/s ≡ 1 mi/(h·s) = 4.4704 × 10−1 m/s2

mile per minute per second mpm/s ≡ 1 mi/(min·s) = 26.8224 m/s2

mile per second squared mps2 ≡ 1 mi/s2 = 1.609 344 × 103 m/s2

standard gravity ɡ0 ≡ 9.806 65 m/s2 = 9.806 65 m/s2

Force

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Force

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

me·α2·c 2⁄
atomic unit of force ≡ a0 ≈ 8.238 722 06 × 10−8 N[33]

dyne (cgs unit) dyn ≡ g·cm/s2 = 10−5 N

kilogram-force; kilopond; grave- ≡ ɡ0 × 1 kg

kgf; kp; Gf = 9.806 65 N
force

kip; kipf; ≡ ɡ0 × 1000 lb

kip; kip-force = 4.448 221 615 2605 × 103 N
klbf

milligrave-force, gravet-force mGf; gf ≡ ɡ0 × 1 g = 9.806 65 mN

=
long ton-force tnf ≡ ɡ0 × 1 long ton
9.964 016 418 183 52 × 103 N

A force capable of giving

a mass of one kilogram
newton (SI unit) N an acceleration of one = 1 N = 1 kg·m/s2
metre per second per
second.[34]

ounce-force ozf ≡ ɡ0 × 1 oz = 0.278 013 850 953 781 25 N

pound-force lbf ≡ ɡ0 × 1 lb = 4.448 221 615 2605 N

poundal pdl ≡ 1 lb·ft/s2 = 0.138 254 954 376 N

short ton-force tnf ≡ ɡ0 × 1 short ton = 8.896 443 230 521 × 103 N

sthene (mts unit) sn ≡ 1 t·m/s2 = 103 N

See also: Conv ersion between weight (force) and mass

Pressure or mechanical stress

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Pressure

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

atmosphere (standard) atm ≡ 101 325 Pa[35]

atmosphere (technical) at ≡ 1 kgf/cm2 = 9.806 65 × 104 Pa[35]

bar bar ≡ 105 Pa

barye (cgs unit) ≡ 1 dyn/cm2 = 0.1 Pa

centimetre of mercury cmHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 cm × ɡ0 ≈ 1.333 22 × 103 Pa[35]

centimetre of water (4 °C) cmH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 cm × ɡ0 ≈ 98.0638 Pa[35]

foot of mercury
ftHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 ft × ɡ0 ≈ 4.063 666 × 104 Pa[35]
(conventional)

foot of water (39.2 °F) ftH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 ft × ɡ0 ≈ 2.988 98 × 103 Pa[35]

inch of mercury
inHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 in × ɡ0 ≈ 3.386 389 × 103 Pa[35]
(conventional)

inch of water (39.2 °F) inH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 in × ɡ0 ≈ 249.082 Pa[35]

kilogram-force per square

kgf/mm2 ≡ 1 kgf/mm2 = 9.806 65 × 106 Pa[35]
millimetre

kip per square inch ksi ≡ 1 kipf/sq in ≈ 6.894 757 × 106 Pa[35]

≈
long ton per square foot ≡ 1 long ton × ɡ0 / 1 sq ft
1.072 517 801 1595 × 105 Pa

≡ 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 μm × ɡ0 ≈
micrometre of mercury μmHg ≈ 0.133 3224 Pa[35]
0.001 torr

≡ 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 mm × ɡ0 ≈ 1
millimetre of mercury mmHg ≈ 133.3224 Pa[35]
torr

millimetre of water ≈ 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 mm × ɡ0 =

mmH2O = 9.806 38 Pa
(3.98 °C) 0.999 972 kgf/m2

pascal (SI unit) Pa ≡ N/m2 = kg/(m·s2) = 1 Pa[36]

pièze (mts unit) pz ≡ 1000 kg/m·s2 = 103 Pa = 1 kPa

pound per square foot psf ≡ 1 lbf/ft2 ≈ 47.880 26 Pa[35]

pound per square inch psi ≡ 1 lbf/in2 ≈ 6.894 757 × 103 Pa[35]

poundal per square foot pdl/sq ft ≡ 1 pdl/sq ft ≈ 1.488 164 Pa[35]

short ton per square foot ≡ 1 short ton × ɡ0 / 1 sq ft ≈ 9.576 0518 × 104 Pa

torr torr ≡ 101 325⁄ Pa ≈ 133.3224 Pa[35]

760

Torque or moment of force

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Torque

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

pound-force-foot lbf•ft ≡ ɡ0 × 1 lb × 1 ft = 1.355 817 948 331 4004 N⋅m

poundal-ft pdl•ft ≡ 1 lb·ft2/s2 = 4.214 011 009 380 48 × 10−2 N⋅m

pound force-inch lbf•in ≡ ɡ0 × 1 lb × 1 in = 0.112 984 829 027 6167 N⋅m

kilogram force-meter kgf•m ≡ ɡ0 × N × m = 9.806 65 N⋅m

Newton metre (SI unit) N·m ≡ N × m = kg·m2/s2 = 1 N⋅m

Energy

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Energy

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

barrel of oil equivalent boe ≈ 5.8 × 106 BTU59 °F ≈ 6.12 × 109 J

British thermal unit (ISO) BTUISO ≡ 1.0545 × 103 J = 1.0545 × 103 J

British thermal unit

BTUIT = 1.055 055 852 62 × 103 J
(International Table)

British thermal unit (mean) BTUmean ≈ 1.055 87 × 103 J

British thermal unit

BTUth ≈ 1.054 350 × 103 J
(thermochemical)

British thermal unit (39 °F) BTU39 °F ≈ 1.059 67 × 103 J

British thermal unit (59 °F) BTU59 °F ≡ 1.054 804 × 103 J = 1.054 804 × 103 J

British thermal unit (60 °F) BTU60 °F ≈ 1.054 68 × 103 J

British thermal unit (63 °F) BTU63 °F ≈ 1.0546 × 103 J

calorie (International Table) calIT ≡ 4.1868 J = 4.1868 J

1⁄ of the energy
100
required to warm one
calorie (mean) calmean gram of air-free water from ≈ 4.190 02 J
0 °C to 100 °C at a
pressure of 1 atm

calorie (thermochemical) calth ≡ 4.184 J = 4.184 J

Calorie (US; FDA) Cal ≡ 1 kcal = 1000 cal = 4184 J

calorie (3.98 °C) cal3.98 °C ≈ 4.2045 J

calorie (15 °C) cal15 °C ≡ 4.1855 J = 4.1855 J

calorie (20 °C) cal20 °C ≈ 4.1819 J

Celsius heat unit (International

CHUIT ≡ 1 BTUIT × 1 K/°R = 1.899 100 534 716 × 103 J
Table)

cubic centimetre of
cc atm;
atmosphere; standard cubic ≡ 1 atm × 1 cm3 = 0.101 325 J
scc
centimetre

cubic foot of atmosphere; cu ft

≡ 1 atm × 1 ft3 = 2.869 204 480 9344 × 103 J
standard cubic foot atm; scf

cubic foot of natural gas ≡ 1000 BTUIT = 1.055 055 852 62 × 106 J

cubic yard of atmosphere; cu yd

≡ 1 atm × 1 yd3 = 77.468 520 985 2288 × 103 J
standard cubic yard atm; scy

electronvolt eV ≡e×1V ≈ 1.602 176 565(35) × 10−19 J

erg (cgs unit) erg ≡ 1 g·cm2/s2 = 10−7 J

foot-pound force ft lbf ≡ ɡ0 × 1 lb × 1 ft = 1.355 817 948 331 4004 J

foot-poundal ft pdl ≡ 1 lb·ft2/s2 = 4.214 011 009 380 48 × 10−2 J

imp gal
gallon-atmosphere (imperial) ≡ 1 atm × 1 gal (imp) = 460.632 569 25 J
atm

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gallon-atmosphere (US) US gal ≡ 1 atm × 1 gal (US) = 383.556 849 0138 J

atm

hartree, atomic unit of energy Eh ≡ me·α2·c2 (= 2 Ry) ≈ 4.359 744 × 10−18 J

= 2.684 519 537 696 172 792 × 106

horsepower-hour hp·h ≡ 1 hp × 1 h
J

inch-pound force in lbf ≡ ɡ0 × 1 lb × 1 in = 0.112 984 829 027 6167 J

The work done when a

force of one newton
moves the point of its = 1 J = 1 m·N = 1 kg·m2/s2 =
joule (SI unit) J
application a distance of 1 C·V = 1 W·s
one metre in the direction
of the force.[34]

kilocalorie; large calorie kcal; Cal ≡ 1000 calIT = 4.1868 × 103 J

kilowatt-hour; Board of Trade kW·h;

≡ 1 kW × 1 h = 3.6 × 106 J
Unit B.O.T.U.

litre-atmosphere l atm; sl ≡ 1 atm × 1 L = 101.325 J

quad ≡ 1015 BTUIT = 1.055 055 852 62 × 1018 J

rydberg Ry ≡ R∞ ·ℎ·c ≈ 2.179 872 × 10−18 J

therm (E.C.) ≡ 100 000 BTUIT = 105.505 585 262 × 106 J

therm (US) ≡ 100 000 BTU59 °F = 105.4804 × 106 J

thermie th ≡ 1 McalIT = 4.1868 × 106 J

ton of coal equivalent TCE ≡ 7 Gcalth = 29.288 × 109 J

tonne of oil equivalent toe ≡ 10 GcalIT = 41.868 × 109 J

ton of TNT tTNT ≡ 1 Gcalth = 4.184 × 109 J

Power or heat flow rate

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Power

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

atmosphere-cubic centimetre per

atm ccm ≡ 1 atm × 1 cm3/min = 1.688 75 × 10−3 W
minute

atmosphere-cubic centimetre per

atm ccs ≡ 1 atm × 1 cm3/s = 0.101 325 W
second

atmosphere-cubic foot per hour atm cfh ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/h = 0.797 001 247 04 W

atmosphere-cubic foot per

atm cfm ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/min = 47.820 074 682 24 W
minute

atmosphere-cubic foot per

atm cfs ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/s = 2.869 204 480 9344 × 103 W
second

BTU (International Table) per

BTUIT/h ≡ 1 BTUIT/h ≈ 0.293 071 W
hour

BTU (International Table) per

BTUIT/min ≡ 1 BTUIT/min ≈ 17.584 264 W
minute

BTU (International Table) per

BTUIT/s ≡ 1 BTUIT/s = 1.055 055 852 62 × 103 W
second

calorie (International Table) per

calIT/s ≡ 1 calIT/s = 4.1868 W
second

erg per second erg/s ≡ 1 erg/s = 10−7 W

foot-pound-force per hour ft·lbf/h ≡ 1 ft lbf/h ≈ 3.766 161 × 10−4 W

=
foot-pound-force per minute ft·lbf/min ≡ 1 ft lbf/min
2.259 696 580 552 334 × 10−2 W

foot-pound-force per second ft·lbf/s ≡ 1 ft lbf/s = 1.355 817 948 331 4004 W

≈ 34.5 lb/h × 970.3

horsepower (boiler) hp ≈ 9 809.5 W [37]
BTUIT/lb

horsepower (European electrical) hp ≡ 75 kp·m/s = 736 W

horsepower (electrical) hp ≡ 746 W = 746 W [37]

horsepower (mechanical) hp ≡ 550 ft·lbf/s[37] = 745.699 871 582 270 22 W

horsepower (metric) hp or PS ≡ 75 m·kgf/s = 735.498 75 W [37]

litre-atmosphere per minute L·atm/min ≡ 1 atm × 1 L/min = 1.688 75 W

litre-atmosphere per second L·atm/s ≡ 1 atm × 1 L/s = 101.325 W

lusec lusec ≡ 1 L·µmHg/s [18] ≈ 1.333 × 10−4 W

poncelet p ≡ 100 m·kgf/s = 980.665 W

square foot equivalent direct

sq ft EDR ≡ 240 BTUIT/h ≈ 70.337 057 W
radiation

≡ 2000 lb of ice melted /

ton of air conditioning ≈ 3504 W
24 h

≡ 2240 lb × iceIT / 24 h:
ton of refrigeration (imperial) iceIT = 144 °F × 2326 ≈ 3.938 875 × 103 W
J/kg·°F

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≡ 2000 lb × iceIT / 24 h:
ton of refrigeration (IT) iceIT = 144 °F × 2326 ≈ 3.516 853 × 103 W
J/kg·°F

The power which in one

= 1 W = 1 J/s = 1 N·m/s =
watt (SI unit) W second of time gives rise
1 kg·m2/s3
to one joule of energy.[34]

Action

Action

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

atomic unit of action au ≡ ℏ ≡ ℎ ⁄2π ≈ 1.054 571 68 × 10−34 J·s[38]

Dynamic viscosity

Dynamic viscosity

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

pascal second (SI unit) Pa·s ≡ N·s/m2, kg/(m·s) = 1 Pa·s

poise (cgs unit) P ≡ 1 barye·s = 0.1 Pa·s

pound per foot hour lb/(ft·h) ≡ 1 lb/(ft·h) ≈ 4.133 789 × 10−4 Pa·s

pound per foot second lb/(ft·s) ≡ 1 lb/(ft·s) ≈ 1.488 164 Pa·s

pound-force second per square foot lbf·s/ft2 ≡ 1 lbf·s/ft2 ≈ 47.880 26 Pa·s

pound-force second per square inch lbf·s/in2 ≡ 1 lbf·s/in2 ≈ 6 894.757 Pa·s

Kinematic viscosity

Kinematic viscosity

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

square foot per second ft2/s ≡ 1 ft2/s = 0.092 903 04 m2/s

square metre per second (SI unit) m2/s ≡ 1 m2/s = 1 m2/s

stokes (cgs unit) St ≡ 1 cm2/s = 10−4 m2/s

Electric current

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Electric current

Relation to SI
Name of unit Symbol Definition
units

≡ The constant current needed to

produce a force of 2 × 10−7
newton per metre between two
ampere (SI base unit) A straight parallel conductors of = 1 A = 1 C/s
infinite length and negligible
circular cross-section placed one
metre apart in a vacuum.[10]

electromagnetic unit; abampere (cgs

abamp ≡ 10 A = 10 A
unit)

0.1 A·m/s ⁄ ≈
esu per second; statampere (cgs unit) esu/s ≡ c
3.335 641 × 10−10 A

Electric charge

Electric charge

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

abcoulomb;
abC;
electromagnetic unit (cgs ≡ 10 C = 10 C
emu
unit)

≈
atomic unit of charge au ≡e
1.602 176 462 × 10−19 C

≡ The amount of electricity carried in one

coulomb C second of time by one ampere of = 1 C = 1 A·s
current.[34]

faraday F ≡ 1 mol × NA·e ≈ 96 485.3383 C

milliampere hour mA·h ≡ 0.001 A × 1 h = 3.6 C

statcoulomb; franklin;
statC; 0.1 A·m⁄
electrostatic unit (cgs ≡ c ≈ 3.335 641 × 10−10 C
Fr; esu
unit)

Electric dipole

Electric dipole

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

atomic unit of electric dipole moment ea0 ≈ 8.478 352 81 × 10−30 C·m[39]

coulomb meter C·m =1C·1m

debye D = 10−10 esu·Å = 3.335 640 95 × 10−30 C·m[40]

Electromotive force, electric potential difference

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Voltage, electromotive force

Name Relation to SI
Symbol Definition
of unit units

abvolt
(cgs abV ≡ 10−8 V = 10−8 V
unit)

statvolt
(cgs statV ≡ c·(1 μJ/A·m) = 299.792 458 V
unit)

The difference in electric potential across two points along a

volt (SI = 1 V = 1 W/A
V conducting wire carrying one ampere of constant current when the
unit) = 1 kg·m2/(A·s3)
power dissipated between the points equals one watt.[34]

Electrical resistance

Electrical resistance

Name
Relation to SI
of Symbol Definition
units
unit

ohm The resistance between two points in a conductor when one volt of
= 1 Ω = 1 V/A
(SI Ω electric potential difference, applied to these points, produces one
= 1 kg·m2/(A2·s3)
unit) ampere of current in the conductor.[34]

Capacitance

Capacitor's ability to store charge

Name
Relation to SI
of Symbol Definition
units
unit

farad The capacitance between two parallel plates that results in one volt
= 1 F = 1 C/V
(SI F of potential difference when charged by one coulomb of
= 1 A2·s4/(kg·m2)
unit) electricity.[34]

Magnetic flux

magnetic flux

Name Relation to SI
Symbol Definition
of unit units

maxwell
(CGS Mx ≡ 10−8 Wb[37] = 10−8 Wb
unit)

Magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, would produce in it

weber = 1 Wb = 1 V·s
Wb an electromotive force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a uniform
(SI unit) = 1 kg·m2/(A·s2)
rate in 1 second.[34]

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Magnetic flux density

What physicists call Magnetic field is called Magnetic flux density by electrical
engineers and magnetic induction by applied mathematicians and electrical
engineers.

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

gauss (CGS unit) G ≡ Mx/cm2 = 10−4 T = 10−4 T [41]

tesla (SI unit) T ≡ Wb/m2 = 1 T = 1 Wb/m2 = 1 kg/(A·s2)

Inductance

Inductance

Name
Relation to SI
of Symbol Definition
units
unit

henry The inductance of a closed circuit that produces one volt of

= 1 H = 1 Wb/A
(SI H electromotive force when the current in the circuit varies at a uniform
= 1 kg·m2/(A·s)2
unit) rate of one ampere per second.[34]

Temperature

Temperature

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

degree
°C [°C] ≡ [K] − 273.15 [K] ≡ [°C] + 273.15
Celsius

[K] = 373.15 − [°De] ×

degree Delisle °De 2⁄
3

degree [K] ≡ ([°F] + 459.67) ×

°F [°F] ≡ [°C] × 9⁄5 + 32 5⁄
Fahrenheit 9

degree [K] = [°N] × 100⁄ +

°N 33
Newton 273.15

degree
°R; [°R] ≡ [K] × 9⁄5 [K] ≡ [°R] × 5/9
Rankine

degree [K] = [°Ré] × 5⁄4 +

°Ré
Réaumur 273.15

[K] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) ×

degree Rømer °Rø 40⁄ + 273.15
21

Regulo Gas [K] ≡ [GM] × 125⁄ +

GM; [°F] ≡ [GM] × 25 + 300 9
Mark 422.038

kelvin (SI ≡ 1⁄273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the

K ≡1K
base unit) triple point of water.[10]

Information entropy
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Information entropy

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units Relation to bits

natural unit of information; nip;

nat
nepit

shannon; bit Sh; bit; b ≡ ln(2) × nat ≈ 0.693 147 nat = 1 bit

hartley; ban Hart; ban ≡ ln(10) × nat ≈ 2.302 585 nat

nibble ≡ 4 bits = 22 bit

byte B ≡ 8 bits = 23 bit

kilobyte (decimal) kB ≡ 1000 B = 8000 bit

kilobyte (kibibyte) KB; KiB ≡ 1024 B = 213 bit = 8192 bit

Modern standards (such as ISO 80000) prefer the shannon to the bit as a unit for a quantity of
information entropy , whereas the (discrete) storage space of digital dev ices is measured in bits. Thus,
uncompressed redundant data occupy more than one bit of storage per shannon of information entropy .
The multiples of a bit listed abov e are usually used with this meaning.

Luminous intensity
The candela is the preferred nomenclature for the SI unit.

Luminous intensity

Relation
Name of
Symbol Definition to SI
unit
units

candela (SI The luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits
base unit); cd monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 1012 hertz and that has a = 1 cd
candle radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.[10]

candlepower ≡ cd The use of candlepower as a unit is discouraged due to its

cp = 1 cd
(new) ambiguity.

candlepower
≈
(old, pre- cp Varies and is poorly reproducible.[42] Approximately 0.981 cd.[18]
0.981 cd
1948)

Luminance

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Luminance

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

candela per square foot cd/ft2 ≡ cd/ft2 ≈ 10.763 910 417 cd/m2

candela per square inch cd/in2 ≡ cd/in2 ≈ 1 550.0031 cd/m2

candela per square metre (SI unit); nit

cd/m2 ≡ cd/m2 = 1 cd/m2
(deprecated[18])

footlambert fL ≡ (1/π) cd/ft2 ≈ 3.426 259 0996 cd/m2

≡ (104/π)
lambert L ≈ 3 183.098 8618 cd/m2
cd/m2

stilb (CGS unit) sb ≡ 104 cd/m2 = 104 cd/m2

Luminous flux

Luminous flux

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

lumen (SI unit) lm ≡ cd·sr = 1 lm = 1 cd·sr

Illuminance

Illuminance

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

footcandle; lumen per square foot fc ≡ lm/ft2 = 10.763 910 417 lx

lumen per square inch lm/in2 ≡ lm/in2 ≈ 1 550.0031 lx

lux (SI unit) lx ≡ lm/m2 = 1 lx = 1 lm/m2

phot (CGS unit) ph ≡ lm/cm2 = 104 lx

Radiation – source activity

Radioactivity

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

becquerel (SI unit) Bq ≡ Number of disintegrations per second = 1 Bq = 1/s

curie Ci ≡ 3.7 × 1010 Bq[43] = 3.7 × 1010 Bq

rutherford (H) rd ≡ 1 MBq = 106 Bq

Although becquerel (Bq) and hertz (Hz) both ultimately refer to the same SI base unit (s−1 ), Hz is used
only for periodic phenomena (ie repetitions at regular interv als), and Bq is only used for stochastic
processes (ie at random interv als) associated with radioactiv ity . [44]

Radiation – exposure
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Radiation - exposure

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

roentgen R 1 R ≡ 2.58 × 10−4 C/kg[37] = 2.58 × 10−4 C/kg

The roentgen is not an SI unit and the NIST strongly discourages its continued use. [45]

Radiation – absorbed dose

Radiation - absorbed dose

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

gray (SI unit) Gy ≡ 1 J/kg = 1 m2/s2 [46] = 1 Gy

rad rad ≡ 0.01 Gy[37] = 0.01 Gy

Radiation – equivalent dose

Radiation - equivalent dose

Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units

Röntgen equivalent man rem ≡ 0.01 Sv = 0.01 Sv

sievert (SI unit) Sv ≡ 1 J/kg[44] = 1 Sv

Although the definitions for siev ert (Sv ) and gray (Gy ) would seem to indicate that they measure the same
quantities, this is not the case. The effect of receiv ing a certain dose of radiation (giv en as Gy ) is v ariable
and depends on many factors, thus a new unit was needed to denote the biological effectiv eness of that
dose on the body ; this is known as the equiv alent dose and is shown in Sv . The general relationship
between absorbed dose and equiv alent dose can be represented as

H=Q·D

where H is the equiv alent dose, D is the absorbed dose, and Q is a dimensionless quality factor. Thus, for
any quantity of D measured in Gy , the numerical v alue for H measured in Sv may be different. [47]

See also
Accuracy and precision
Conversion of units of temperature
English units
False precision
Imperial units
International System of Units
Mesures usuelles
Metric prefix (e.g. "kilo-" prefix)
Metric system
Natural units
Orders of Magnitude

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Rounding
Significant figures
United States customary units
Unit of length
Units (software)
Units conversion by factor-label
Units of measurement

Notes and references

1. Béla Bodó; Colin Jones (26 June 2013). Introduction to Soil Mechanics (https://books.google.es/books?id=P
46291mjqAsC&pg=SA9-PA129&dq=conversi%C3%B3n+walshaw+methode&hl=ca&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwial
e_UhcfJAhXJzxQKHb6wDS0Q6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=conversi%C3%B3n%20walshaw%20methode&f=fals
e). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-118-55388-6.
2. "Identity property of multiplication" (http://www.basic-mathematics.com/identity-property-of-multiplication.htm
l). Retrieved 2015-09-09.
3. jobs (September 14, 2012). "The astronomical unit gets fixed : Nature News & Comment" (http://www.nature.
com/news/the-astronomical-unit-gets-fixed-1.11416). Nature.com. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.11416 (https://do
i.org/10.1038/nature.2012.11416). Retrieved August 31, 2013.
4. "NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty." (http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bohrrada
0)(2010). National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
5. U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook 44 Appendix C - General Tables of Units of
Measurement 2013 Edition (https://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/upload/appc-13-hb44-final.pdf)
6. Lide, D. (Ed.). (1990). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (71st ed). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Section
1.
7. National Bureau of Standards. (June 30, 1959). Refinement of values for the yard and the pound. Federal
Register, viewed September 20, 2006 at National Geodetic Survey web site (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS
_LIB/FedRegister/FRdoc59-5442.pdf).
8. The International Astronomical Union and Astronomical Units (http://www.iau.org/public_press/themes/meas
uring/)
9. Klein, Herbert Arthur. (1988). The Science of Measurement: a Historical Survey. Mineola, NY: Dover
Publications 0-4862-5839-4.
10. The International System of Units, Section 2.1 (https://web.archive.org/web/20091001062018/http://www.bip
m.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-1/) (8 ed.), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, 2006, archived
from the original (http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-1/) on October 1, 2009, retrieved
August 26, 2009
11. International System of Units, (http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter4/table8.html) Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20080821000000/http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter4/table8.html) August
21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. 8th ed. (2006), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Section 4.1
Table 8.
12. Cox, Arthur N., ed. (2000). Allen's Astrophysical Quantities (4th ed.). New York: AIP Press / Springer.
Bibcode:2000asqu.book.....C (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000asqu.book.....C). ISBN 0387987460.
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Press. Bibcode:2008gady.book.....B (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008gady.book.....B). ISBN 978-0-691-
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m/books?id=3zgGEWM5-iAC). New York: Macmillan 0-312-37026-1. p. 152.

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=R4-DjphIpLMC) 2nd ed. New York: The Century Co. p. 142–150.
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Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 811. p. 57.
20. US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Section 101.9, Paragraph (b)(5)(viii) (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0090813113845/http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=77734a162c4f7ddd997233b4d623c0
29&rgn=div8&view=text&node=21%3A2.0.1.1.2.1.1.6&idno=21), archived from the original (http://ecfr.gpoacc
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t.gov/Pubs/SP330/sp330.pdf) (2001 Edition), Washington: US Government Printing Office, 43,"The 12th
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22. [1] (http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?tukg)
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s://web.archive.org/web/20060928011837/http://www.metas.ch/de/scales/systemch.html). Archived from the
original (http://www.metas.ch/de/scales/systemch.html) on 2006-09-28. Retrieved 2006-10-09. and quintal on
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Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican
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33. CODATA Value: atomic unit of force (http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/). (2006). National Institute of
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34. Comité International des Poids et Mesures, Resolution 2 (http://www.bipm.org/en/CIPM/db/1946/2/), 1946,
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35. Barry N. Taylor, (April 1995), Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) (http://physics.nist.
gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf) (NIST Special Publication 811), Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, pp.
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Notes

1. The technical definition of tropical year is the period of time for the ecliptic longitude of the Sun to increase
360 degrees. (Urban & Seidelmann 2013, Glossary, s.v. year, tropical)

External links
Statutory Instrument 1995 No. 1804 (http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/1804) Units of measurement
regulations 1995 From legislation.gov.uk (http://legislation.gov.uk)
How Many? A dictionary of units of measurement (http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/)
"NIST: Fundamental physical constants — Non-SI units" (http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Document/nonsi_in_19
98.pdf) (PDF). (35.7 KB)
NIST Guide to SI Units (http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB9.html) Many conversion factors listed.
The Unified Code for Units of Measure (https://web.archive.org/web/20080517033615/http://aurora.rg.iupui.ed
u/~schadow/units/UCUM/ucum.html)
Units, Symbols, and Conversions XML Dictionary (http://w3.energistics.org/uom/poscUnits22.xml)
Units, Symbols, Exchange, Equations, Human Readable (https://www.unitwolf.com)
Units of Measurement Software (https://curlie.org/Science/Reference/Units_of_Measurement/Software/) at
Curlie (based on DMOZ)

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25/9/2018 Conversion of units - Wikipedia

Units of Measurement Online Conversion (https://curlie.org/Science/Reference/Units_of_Measurement/Onlin

e_Conversion/) at Curlie (based on DMOZ)

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