Chapter 11

Basic Definitions
Luminous Objects:
Objects which give off their own
light are called luminous objects.
Transparent Objects:
Objects through which all light
passes are called transparent
objects.
Translucent Objects:
Objects through which some light
passes and the remaining is
scattered are called translucent
objects.
Opaque Objects:
Objects through which light does
not pass are called opaque
objects.
Total Internal Reflection:
When light rays enter a denser
medium and do not leave, instead
they reflect
inside the medium, this
phenomenon is known as total
internal reflection.
Spectrum:
The band of different colours
formed when light passes through
a prism is known as spectrum.
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Questions And Answers
Q1. What is the difference
between reflection and refraction?
Ans:
Reflection:
1- When light falls on a smooth
surface and bounce back, this
phenomenon is known as
reflection.
2- Reflection occurs on shiny
surfaces.
3- Reflection occurs in the same
medium.
Refraction:
1- The change in direction and
speed of light when it enters from
one medium to another, this
phenomenon is known as
refraction.
2- Refraction occurs in transparent
surfaces.
3- Refraction takes place in
different medium.
*******
Q2. What causes the refraction of
light?
Ans: Difference in the density of
two mediums causes the
refraction of light.
Example: When light enters from a
rare medium (air) to a denser
medium (water), it refracts.
*******
Q3. Does light travel faster or
slower in water than in air? Why is
this?
Ans: Light travel slower in water
than in air. This is because light
travel slower in denser medium
and water is a denser medium
than air.
******
Q4. Write down three effects of
refraction.
Ans:
Three Effects of Refraction:
1- Twinkling of stars at night
time is due to the refraction of
light.
2- Due to refraction, mirages occur
on a hot road and the road seems
wet on a distance.
3- When you put one end of a
pencil in a glass of water, it looks
bent due to refraction.
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Q5. Write down three uses of
refraction.
Ans:
Three Uses of Refraction:
1- A lense uses refraction to form
a magnifying image of an object.
2- Telescope uses refraction to
see distant objects.
3- Spectacles use refraction for
providing correct vision.
******
Q6. A man in a boat is fishing with
a spear. Why does not he aim his
spear where the fish seems to be?
Ans:
Due to the refraction of light, the
exact position of the fish seems a
little upfront, therefore the man
shouldn't aim his spear where the
fish seems to be. Otherwise, he
will miss the aim.
*******
Q7. Name the colours in the
spectrum of white light.
Ans: The following seven colours
are present in the spectrum of
white light.
1- Red 2- Yellow 3- Green 4-
Blue 5- Orange 6- Indigo 7-
Violet
*****
Q8. What colour light is made by
mixing
a. Red and blue lights
b. Red and green lights
c. Green and blue lights
Ans:
a. Mixing red and blue lights make
magenta light.
b. Mixing red and green lights
make yellow light.
c. Mixing green and blue lights
make cyan light.
*****
Q9. Why does grass look green?
Ans: Grass absorbs nearly all the
colours in sunlight except green.
Grass reflects the green light due
to which it appears green.
*****
Q10. How does a colour filter
work?
Ans: A colour filter work on the
principles of "Reflection And
Absorption of Light".
* A colour filter absorbs the
unwanted light and reflects only
the target colour.
Example: A red filter absorb all
light and allows only red colour to
pass.
******
Q11. What would you see if you
passed
white light through a blue filter
and then a red filter?
Ans: If you passed white light
through a blue filter, the filter will
absorb all light except blue light
and the blue light will pass through
it.
Similarly, if you passed white light
through a red filter, the filter will
absorb all light except red light
and the red light will pass through
it.
*****
Q12. What is the name of the two
kinds of cells in the retina of the
eye? What are they each sensitive
to?
Ans: The retina of the eye has two
types of cells called rods and
cones.
* The rods are sensitive to dim
light.
* The cones are sensitive to bright
light
and red, green and blue light.
*****
Q13. When they are shopping for
clothes, why do customers often
take items to the window to look at
them?
Ans: When they are shopping for
clothes, customers often take
items to the window in order to
check their exact colour with the
help of reflection of light.
******
Q14. What is optic fibre? Describe
how it is used.
Ans:
Optic Fibres:
Optic fibres are very thin flexible
glass rods in which the light
reflects internally along the whole
length of the fibre.
Uses of Optic Fibres:
1- Optic fibres are used to
examine the internal organs in
human body.
2- Optic fibres are used in
telephone wires to carry
messages several thousand
kilometres away.
3- Optic fibres are used to detect
any faults in a machinery.
******
Q15. Explain why we see
rainbows?
Ans: Rainbows form when sunlight
shines through millions of
raindrops.
* The ray of sunlight bent as it
enters the raindrop and bent again
as it leaves the raindrop. The
raindrop act as a prism and
spreads the ray of light into seven
different colours and create
rainbows.
*****
Q16. What is the difference
between a
convex and concave lens?
Ans:
Convex Lens:
1- Convex lens is thicker at the
centre.
2- It produces real images.
3- It produces a magnified image.
Concave Lens:
1- Concave lens is thicker at the
edges.
2- It produces virtual images.
3- It produces a small image.
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Q17. What would you see if a light
ray falls on a prism?
Ans: When a light ray falls on a
prism, the light get dispersed and
we see a spectrum of seven
different colours.
*****