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Circles by NV Sir - JEE Brief

The document discusses various properties and equations related to circles: 1) It provides the general equation of a circle with center (a,b) and radius r. 2) It discusses finding the equation of a circle given its center and radius, or given three points on the circle. 3) It explains parametric coordinates of circles and finding the coordinates of endpoints of a diameter.

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957 views55 pages

Circles by NV Sir - JEE Brief

The document discusses various properties and equations related to circles: 1) It provides the general equation of a circle with center (a,b) and radius r. 2) It discusses finding the equation of a circle given its center and radius, or given three points on the circle. 3) It explains parametric coordinates of circles and finding the coordinates of endpoints of a diameter.

Uploaded by

dahaleswaroop
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Circles: Introduces the fundamental concepts of circles including basic equations and properties.
  • General and Specific Equations: Covers the general and specific equations related to circles, their derivations, and applications.
  • Forms of Circle Equations: Explores different forms of circle equations such as three point and diameter forms.
  • Intercepts and Chords: Discusses x and y intercepts, chords and related properties within circle geometry.
  • Complex Circle Properties: Analyzes complex properties of circles including intersections and lattice points.
  • Parametric Forms: Details the parametric representation for circles and their significance in geometry.
  • Tangent and Normal: Explains the concepts of tangents and normals to a circle and methods for calculation.
  • Advanced Techniques: Introduces advanced geometric techniques related to circles, including tangents and equations.
  • Important Figures and Notes: Summarizes important geometric figures and provides critical notes on circle properties.
  • Director Circle: Explores the concept of the director circle and its mathematical implications.
  • Tangents between Circles: Discusses the types and properties of tangents that can exist between two circles.
  • Angle and Orthogonality: Examines the angle formed between two circles and conditions for orthogonality.
  • Radical Axes: Describes the concept of radical axes and centers in circle geometry.
  • Family of Circles: Introduces the family of circles concept and related intersection properties.
  • Conclusion: Concludes the discussion on circles and thanks the audience.

Circles

Equation of circle whose centre is (a, b) and radius = r is given by

Equation of circle whose centre is (0, 0)


and radius = r is given by
C(a, b)
General Equation of Circle

C(a, b)
Three Point Form

(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)
(x3, y3)
Diameter Form

(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)
Circle
Chord of Circle
JEE M 2023
JEE M 2023
Parametric Coordinates of Circles
Parametric Coordinates of Endpoints of Diameter

(r cos𝜃, r sin𝜃)

C (0, 0)

(-rcos𝜃, -rsin𝜃)
Let PQ be a diameter of the circle x2 + y2 = 9. If α and β are the lengths of
the perpendiculars from P and Q on the straight line, x + y = 2 respectively,
then the maximum value of αβ is _
Position of Point w.r.t Circle
Discuss the position of the points (1, 2) and (6, 0) with respect to the circle
x2 + y2 - 4x + 2y - 11 = 0
Circle and Line
Equation of Tangent

1. Point Form
2. Parametric Form
3. Slope Form
Find the equation of the tangents to the circle x2 + y2 - 6x + 4y - 12 = 0
which are parallel to the line 4x + 3y + 5 = 0
Equation of Normal
The tangent and the normal lines at the point (√3, 1) to the circle x2 + y2
= 4 and the x - axis form a triangle. The area of this triangle (in square
units) is :

A. 4 / √3

B. 1/3

C. 2 / √3

D. 1 / √3
Length of Tangent

P (x1, y1)
Important Figure

P (x1, y1)
Important Note

Circumcircle of ΔPAB will definitely pass through O

O
P

B
Let the tangents drawn from the origin to the circle,
x2 + y2 - 8x - 4y + 16 = 0 touch it at the points A and B. The (AB)2 is equal to :
A. 52/5

B. 56/5

C. 64/5

D. 32/5 P (0, 0)
JEE M 2023
Director Circle
Locus of a point from where two perpendicular tangents can be drawn
to the circle
Find the equation of director circle of the circle (x - 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 2
Valid for all Conics

Pair of Tangents

Chord of Contact

Chord if Midpoint is given


JEE M 2023
Common Tangents to Two Circles
Common Tangents to Two Circles
The minimum distance between any two points P1 and P2 while considering point
P1 on one circle and point P2 on the other circle for the given circles’ equations

x2 + y2 - 10x - 10y + 41 = 0
x2 + y2 - 24x - 10y + 160 = 0 is __.
JEE M 2023
Angle Between Two Circles
Orthogonality of two circles
For what value of k the circles x2 + y2 + 5x + 3y + 7 = 0 and
x2 + y2 - 8x + 6y + k = 0 cut orthogonally.
Radical Axis and Radical Center

The radical axis is the locus of points from which length of tangent to two
circles are equal.

The equation of radical axis of the two circles is given by S1 - S2 = 0


Radical Axis and Radical Center

(i) If two circles intersect, then the radical axis is the common chord
of the two circles.
(ii) If two circles touch each other, then the radical axis is the
common tangent of the two circles.
(iii) Radical axis is always perpendicular to the line joining the centres
of the two circles.
(iv) Radical axis will pass through the mid point of the line joining the
centres of the two circles only if the two circles have equal radii.
(v) Radical axis bisects a common tangent between the two circles.
Radical Axis and Radical Center
The common tangent to the circles x2 + y2 = 4 and x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y – 24 =
0 also passes through the point:

A. (4, -2)
JEE Main 2021
B. (-6, 4)

C. (6, -2)

D. (-4, 6)
Family of Circles

Case 1:
The equation of the family of circles passing through the points of
intersection of two circles S1 = 0 & S2 = 0 is : S1 + λS2 = 0
Family of Circles

Case 2:
The equation of the family of circles passing through the point of
intersection a circle S = 0 & a line L = 0 is given by S + λL = 0
Family of Circles

Case 3:
The equation of a family of circles passing through two given points
(x1, y1) & (x2, y2) can be written in the form :
Family of Circles

Case 4:
The equation of a family of circles touching a fixed line ax+by+c=0 at
the fixed point (x1, y1) is (x - x1)2 + (y - y1)2 + λ(ax+by+c) = 0, where K is
a parameter.
The circle passing through the intersection of the circles, x2 + y2 - 6x = 0 and
x2 + y2 - 4y = 0, having its centre on the line, 2x - 3y + 12 = 0, also passes
through the point :

A. (-1, 3)

B. (-3, 6) JEE Main 2021


C. (-3, 1)

D. (1, -3)
The line x = y touches a circle at the point (1, 1). If the circle also passes
through the point (1, -3), then its radius is :

A. 3 JEE Main 2021

B. 2√2

C. 2

D. 3√2
Thank You #VCians

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