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DBMS Unit 1

The document discusses Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS). Some key points: - RDBMS is based on the relational model introduced by E.F. Codd and represents data in tables with rows and columns. All major database systems like SQL Server, Oracle, and MySQL use the RDBMS model. - Data is stored and related using tables that contain rows and columns. Tables are linked together through primary keys. This allows for easy access to organized data. - RDBMS provides features like normalization, data integrity constraints, and support for distributed databases. It differs from file-based DBMS in its use of tables and relationships to store and access large amounts of structured data.

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26 views

DBMS Unit 1

The document discusses Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS). Some key points: - RDBMS is based on the relational model introduced by E.F. Codd and represents data in tables with rows and columns. All major database systems like SQL Server, Oracle, and MySQL use the RDBMS model. - Data is stored and related using tables that contain rows and columns. Tables are linked together through primary keys. This allows for easy access to organized data. - RDBMS provides features like normalization, data integrity constraints, and support for distributed databases. It differs from file-based DBMS in its use of tables and relationships to store and access large amounts of structured data.

Uploaded by

Harsh Ojha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is RDBMS?

RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management Systems...

All modern database management systems like SQL, MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, ORACLE,
My-SQL and Microsoft Access are based on RDBMS.

It is called Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS) because it is based on


relational model introduced by E.F. Codd.

How it works
Data is represented in terms of tuples (rows) in RDBMS.

Relational database is most commonly used database. It contains number of tables and
each table has its own primary key.

Due to a collection of organized set of tables, data can be accessed easily in RDBMS.

Brief History of RDBMS


During 1970 to 1972, E.F. Codd published a paper to propose the use of relational database
model.

RDBMS is originally based on that E.F. Codd's relational model invention.

What is table
The RDBMS database uses tables to store data. A table is a collection of related data entries
and contains rows and columns to store data.

A table is the simplest example of data storage in RDBMS.

Let's see the example of student table.

ID Name AGE COURSE

1 Ajeet 24 B.Tech

2 aryan 20 C.A
3 Mahesh 21 BCA

4 Ratan 22 MCA

5 Vimal 26 BSC

What is field
Field is a smaller entity of the table which contains specific information about every record
in the table. In the above example, the field in the student table consist of id, name, age,
and course.

What is row or record


A row of a table is also called record. It contains the specific information of each individual
entry in the table. It is a horizontal entity in the table. For example: The above table
contains 5 records.

Let's see one record/row in the table.

1 Ajeet 24 B.Tech

What is column
A column is a vertical entity in the table which contains all information associated with a
specific field in a table. For example: "name" is a column in the above table which contains
all information about student's name.

Ajeet

Aryan

Mahesh

Ratan

Vimal
NULL Values
The NULL value of the table specifies that the field has been left blank during record
creation. It is totally different from the value filled with zero or a field that contains space.

Data Integrity
There are the following categories of data integrity exist with each RDBMS:

Entity integrity: It specifies that there should be no duplicate rows in a table.

Domain integrity: It enforces valid entries for a given column by restricting the type, the
format, or the range of values.

Referential integrity: It specifies that rows cannot be deleted, which are used by other
records.

User-defined integrity: It enforces some specific business rules that are defined by users.
These rules are different from entity, domain or referential integrity.

Difference between DBMS and RDBMS


Although DBMS and RDBMS both are used to store information in physical database but
there are some remarkable differences between them.

The main differences between DBMS and RDBMS are given below:

No. DBMS RDBMS

1) DBMS applications store data RDBMS applications store data in a tabular


as file. form.

2) In DBMS, data is generally In RDBMS, the tables have an identifier called


stored in either a hierarchical primary key and the data values are stored in
form or a navigational form. the form of tables.

3) Normalization is not present Normalization is present in RDBMS.


in DBMS.

4) DBMS does not apply any RDBMS defines the integrity


security with regards to data constraint for the purpose of ACID
manipulation.
(Atomocity, Consistency, Isolation and
Durability) property.

5) DBMS uses file system to store in RDBMS, data values are stored in the form
data, so there will be no of tables, so a relationship between these
relation between the tables. data values will be stored in the form of a
table as well.

6) DBMS has to provide some RDBMS system supports a tabular structure


uniform methods to access the of the data and a relationship between them
stored information. to access the stored information.

7) DBMS does not support RDBMS supports distributed database.


distributed database.

8) DBMS is meant to be for small RDBMS is designed to handle large amount


organization and deal with of data. it supports multiple users.
small data. it supports single
user.

9) Examples of DBMS are file Example of RDBMS are mysql, postgre, sql
systems, xml etc. server, oracle etc.

After observing the differences between DBMS and RDBMS, you can say that RDBMS is an
extension of DBMS. There are many software products in the market today who are
compatible for both DBMS and RDBMS. Means today a RDBMS application is DBMS
application and vice-versa.

DBMS vs. File System


There are following differences between DBMS and File system:

DBMS File System

DBMS is a collection of data. In File system is a collection of data. In this


DBMS, the user is not required to system, the user has to write the procedures for
write the procedures. managing the database.
DBMS gives an abstract view of File system provides the detail of the data
data that hides the details. representation and storage of data.

DBMS provides a crash recovery File system doesn't have a crash mechanism,
mechanism, i.e., DBMS protects i.e., if the system crashes while entering some
the user from the system failure. data, then the content of the file will lost.

DBMS provides a good protection It is very difficult to protect a file under the file
mechanism. system.

DBMS contains a wide variety of File system can't efficiently store and retrieve
sophisticated techniques to store the data.
and retrieve the data.

DBMS takes care of Concurrent In the File system, concurrent access has many
access of data using some form of problems like redirecting the file while other
locking. deleting some information or updating some
information.

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