RESEARCH Q1 ●The title should avoid abbreviations, formulas

and jargon. When more than one line, the title

LESSON 1 - Research Title follows the inverted pyramid form.
Facts
● RRL L3 Scope and Delimitations
● Science Concepts
● Research Gaps Scope (range/what’s included)
● Covered area / the extent to which the
Engage Learners research will be explored
● Ownership of Learning Delimitations (what’s excluded/boundaries of
● Self-Directed Learning the study)
● Experiential Learning ● narrow down the scope of the study
● Active Learning ● Found in Chapter 1
● Interest Limitations
● identify the potential weaknesses
Aligned to the current needs of the ● These are influences, shortcomings or
community conditions that the researcher cannot
● Problem based control
● Personal Experience ● Found in results and discussion
● Community-based
Scope prompts
Sound Scientific Procedure ● This study will focus on…
● Doable ● The scope of this study will be…
● Accessible laboratory equipments and ● This study will cover…
reagent ● The study will consist of…

Ingenious topic Delimitations prompts

● Shows a high level of creativity ● This study will be limited to…
● The study is confined to…
Begins with limited know how and progress ● This study will not cover…
to mastery
● Develop your level of scientific Content found in Scope and Delimitation
understanding ● general purpose
● important details
Linkage resolved limitations ● population/target respondents, sample
● Peer Mentoring size
● Collaboration with experts in the field ● geographical location/setting
● duration/research timeline or limit
Exhibit open mindedness
● Unlearn to relearn Scope and delimitations allow researchers to
● A trial and error approach define the research project's boundaries,
● Critical thinking enabling them to focus on specific aspects of the
project.
Tips in Writing a Research Title
● label or a phrase.
● needs to be very specific in nature.
● Should be interestingly stimulating. Good
titles contain as few words as possible,
not to exceed 15.
● Use appropriate terms in the title.
● Avoid using superfluous words.
● The title should not be conclusive or bias.
● The scientific name, if needed in the title,
should be written properly.
L4 Review of Related Literature Credible sources
Literature ● Academia
● Any written materials published in book, ● Directory of Open Access Journals
journal, magazine, novel, poetry, ● Elseiver
yearbook, and encyclopedia. ● Google Books
● Any source of previous info ● Google Scholar
Review of Related Literature ● Microsoft Academic
● Evaluated, organized and synthesized ● Research gate
collection of citations to other studies, ● Science.gov
which are related or somehow related to ● Science open
your own specific research problem ● Worldwide science

RRL is a major process that leads the

researcher to past theory. In order to accomplish In Text Citation (APA/American Psychological
this, reviewing the literature should follow a Association 7th Edition)
systematic identification, location, and analysis - an acknowledgement you include in your
of documents containing information related to text whenever you quote or paraphrase a source
the research problem.
Types of notes:
1. It provides the researcher with important ● Paraphrase
information about past research related ● Summary
to the intended study ● Direct Quotation
2. It gives the researcher a feeling of
confidence Direct quotations
3. It presents information about the - Require page or paragraph number
research methods used, the population - Both can be cited narratively (author’s
and sampling considered, and the name as part of the sentence) or
instruments used in gathering data, and parenthetically (author’s name in
the statistical computation in previous parentheses after the sentence)
research.
4. It provides findings and conclusions of Paraphrase
past investigations which the researcher 1. Date
may relate to his/her own findings and - Only the year of publication goes in your
conclusions in-text citation, even if the reference page
entry includes a month.
Needed skills in writing RRL 2. Page numbers
- Scholarly and systematic identification of - Specific page, paragraph, or location
information numbers for direct quotation. In
- Critical analysis of information related to paraphrase, these are not needed.
their research topic - For written sources without page
- Paraphrasing and citation numbers, use “para.,” the paragraph
number, and, when possible, the section
In searching for scholarly articles, you may look heading.
for the following elements: 3. Names
● Name of Journal - Last name only, not including Jr., Sr.,
● Volume, Issue, Date of Publication and other academic degrees. APA
● Name of Digital Library doesn’t use first names or initials in
● Authors citations unless that’s the only way of
● Keywords or Index terms distinguishing between two sources.
● Abstract 4. No author
● Author’s correspondence information - When you don’t know the name of your
● ISSN (International Standard Serial source’s author, use the first words of its
Number) title. Italicize the title of a periodical,
● DOI (Digital Object Identifier) book, or report; use quotation marks for
an article.
5. Multiple authors 2. Causal comparative
- If it has three or more authors, use the ● identifies the cause and effect
first author’s name with “et al.” relationship between the
- If you name two authors in a narrative independent and dependent
citation, write out the “and” between their variable
names. In a parenthetical citation, use ● 2 groups will be compared
“&.” 3. Correlational
6. Group authors ● investigates the relationship
- When the author of your source is an between the variables w/o
organization, its name is spelled out in manipulation
full on first reference. If it’s well-known or ● reflects the strength and/or
will be used at least two more times, an direction of the relationship
abbreviation (in parentheses) follows the between 2 or more variables
full name and replaces the full name later 4. Experimental
7. One author multiple works a. Quasi-experimental
- Cite them as you normally would. If you ● NON-RANDOM assignment,
have two works written by the same respondents are assigned to
author(s) in the same year, however, groups based on NON-RANDOM
those works will be listed alphabetically criteria
by title on your reference page, where b. True-experimental
they’ll be labeled (YYYYa) and (YYYYb). ● respondents are randomly
8. One author multiple sources selected
- If you refer to several sources within the
same parentheses, put them in the same Qualitative Research Design
order in which they appear in your 1. Narrative
reference list and separate them with a ● explore and conceptualize human
semicolon. experience represented in textual form
● in depth exploration of the meanings
How much can I quote? people (small sample) assigned to their
Not more than 10% of any paper should consist experience
of direct quotations. Formal research papers in 2. Phenomenology
APA style often include no quotations at all. ● understand the phenomenon (event) by
exploring the views of people who
Order of references experience it.
List each source alphabetically by the last name 3. Ground Theory
of its first author. If there is no author, ● construction of new theory based on the
alphabetize the source by the first word of its title data or experience that you gather from
(excluding a, an, the) your respondents
● INDUCTIVE process (specific data ->
L5 Research Design general theory)
- plan to be implemented to answer the 4. Historical
research questions ● studies the meaning of past events in an
Research Method attempt to interpret the facts and explain
- approach to conduct the study the cause of events, and their effect in
- quantitative and qualitative, mixed the present events
method 5. Ethnographic
● researchers observe and/or interact with
Quantitative Research Design a study’s participants in their real life
1. Descriptive environment
● describe a phenomenon, ● ethnic group
situation, or the population ● customs, belief, behavior
● answers the what, when, where, ● observation, interview, immersion
and how questions NOT why