Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias, Vol. 31, No.

4, october-december 2022, E-ISSN: 2071-0054

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Feasibility of the Introduction of a Solar

Photovoltaic System in a Dairy Agroecosystem
Factibilidad de la introducción de un sistema solar
https://cu-id.com/2177/v31n4e03
fotovoltaico en un agroecosistema lechero
iD
Jenifer Alvarez-Lima *, iD Javier A. León-Martínez,
iD
Yanoy Morejón-Mesa, iD Ramón Pelegrín-Rodríguez

Universidad Agraria de La Habana (UNAH), San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba.
ABSTRACT: This research is aimed at determining the feasibility of introducing a photovoltaic solar system in
021 Dairy Farm of "El Guayabal" University Farm belonging to the Agrarian University of Havana. The
consumption of electrical energy was evaluated and the feasibility of three variants was determined in terms of
the number of solar panels (342, 126 and 128) that the photovoltaic solar system must have to satisfy the energy
demand. An analysis of the economic and environmental impact of the proposed installation was carried out,
which showed that it will allow a saving of electrical energy higher than 43,781.75 kWh/year. With the three
variants analyzed, savings were obtained in terms of energy not consumed, avoiding the emission of at least
49.47 t of CO2 into the atmosphere annually, and the consumption of at least 11.47 t of fossil fuel. The
preliminary cost to establish the installation proposed was estimated at: 386,255.2 CUP, 419,586.6 CUP and
1,048,290 CUP, according to the variants: without considering the current pumping system, considering the
current pumping system and assessing the introduction of the solar pumping system PS2-150 C-SJ5-8,
respectively. The energy storage system was not included in any of the variants.
Keywords: Energy, Solar Panels, Milk Production.
RESUMEN: La presente investigación se orienta en la determinación de la factibilidad de la introducción de un
sistema solar fotovoltaico en la Vaquería 021 de la Granja Universitaria “El Guayabal” perteneciente a la
Universidad Agraria de La Habana. Se evaluó el consumo de energía eléctrica y se determinó la factibilidad de
tres variantes en cuanto a la cantidad de paneles solares (342, 126 y 128) con que debe contar el sistema solar
fotovoltaico para satisfacer la demanda energética. Se realizó un análisis del impacto económico y
medioambiental de la instalación propuesta, el cual, arrojó que la misma permitirá un ahorro de energía eléctrica
no menor a 43 781,75 kWh/año. Con las tres variantes analizadas se obtuvo un ahorro por concepto de energía
no consumida, dejándose de emitir a la atmósfera anualmente al menos 49,47 t de CO2, y de consumir al menos
11,47 t de combustible fósil. El costo preliminar para establecer la instalación propuesta se estimó en:
386 255,2 CUP, 419 586,6 CUP y 1 048 290 CUP, de acuerdo con las variantes “sin considerar el sistema de
bombeo actual, considerando el sistema de bombeo actual y valorando la introducción del sistema de bombeo
solar PS2-150 C-SJ5-8”, respectivamente. El sistema de acumulación de energía no se incluyó en ninguna de las
variantes.
Palabras clave: energía, paneles solares, producción lechera.

INTRODUCTION
Milk is a basic and indispensable food in human production of 612,800 t was reached (ONEI-Cuba,
diet due to its excellent nutritional quality and energy 2017). However, these volumes do not meet neither
content. In the Latin American and Caribbean region, industry nor consumers demand, for which the country
185 kcal/capita/day are consumed (Acosta et al., is forced to invest millions of dollars annually, in the
2017). For Cuba, it represents a link of eminent importation of significant amounts of dairy products
importance within the agricultural scenario due to its Martínez et al. (2017), aspect that makes dairy
high consumption demand. In 2016, a national production a matter of national security.
_______________________________
*Author for correspondence: Jenifer Alvarez-Lima, e-mail: [email protected]
Received: 13/03/2022
Accepted: 14/09/2022
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On the other hand, the depletion of fossil energy

sources, the instability of oil prices in international
markets and the accumulated negative effects on the
environment due to the burning of hydrocarbons are
sufficient elements that indicate the urgency of
defining conscious and determined strategies for the
use of renewable energy sources, on a local and global
scale (Funes, 2009; Hernández et al., 2019). In Cuba,
great efforts are made to achieve a development that
integrates the efficient use of ene rgy resources, to the FIGURE 1. Monthly averages of climatic variables
expectations of quality of life of the population in 021 Dairy Farm, period 2015-2021. Source:
(Blanco et al., 2014). Tapaste Meteorological Station.
Due to the depletion of world oil reserves, which is
used as a direct source of energy, or to generate other considered that the characterization of the proposal for
energies (electricity, for example), this irreversible a photovoltaic solar system may be conceived from
phenomenon has been called "Energy Crisis". The the perspective dimensioning of electrical energy
reasons can be many: increase in electricity consumption. Coherently, the objective of this
consumption due to constant growth, both in the research was to determine the feasibility of
residential sector and in the industrial sector, which introducing a photovoltaic solar system in said
are the ones that demand the greatest amount of agroecosystem.
energy, increase in the number of automobiles,
depletion of natural resources such as fresh water, MATERIALS AND METHODS
along with the aforementioned oil. Faced with this
crisis, the need has arisen to take better advantage of Characterization of the Experimental Area
the available energy resources, ways have been
The 021 Dairy Farm of "El Guayabal" University
devised to take advantage of different types of natural
Farm, belonging to the Agrarian University of Havana
energies with the purpose of converting them into
(UNAH), is located at 23°00'12.5" North latitude, and
electrical energy, which also have the advantage of
82°09'57.9" West longitude in San José de Las Lajas
being renewable (León et al., 2021).
Municipality, Mayabeque Province, Cuba. It limits to
Solar radiation is used directly in thermal and
the northwest with 023 Dairy Farm, to the northeast
photovoltaic transformations, that is, in the form of
with the National Highway, to the southeast with
heat and electricity. Thermal conversion is currently
025 Dairy Farm and to the southwest with 022 Dairy
the most efficient economically and advantageous way
Farm. The total area is 36 ha, with typical Red
of using solar energy. The widespread domestic use of
Ferralitic soil (Hernández et al., 2019) in all its
solar hot water for personal hygiene, washing up and
extension. It has a flat relief at 120 m above sea level
cooking food, means considerable savings in the
and annual insolation of 1825 kWh/m2 (Díaz, 2018).
consumption of polluting fuels. The consumption of
The meteorological variables recorded during the
fuels in heating water and other fluids in industry,
period 2015-2021 at Tapaste Meteorological Station
commerce, tourism and in social buildings such as
(Figure 1), showed that the maximum temperatures
schools and hospitals, is also very high; it could be
reached in the region exceeded 26 ºC between the
satisfied with solar installations, in a sustainable and months of June and September and the coldest fell on
environmentally healthy way (Bérriz y Álvarez, 2008; average to 20 .76 ºC in January. Rainfall showed
Bérriz et al., 2016). increases from May, and indicated the highest average
In the specific case of photovoltaic solar energy, it values in June and August with 255.50 and
consists of the direct transformation of solar radiation 245.16 mm, respectively. The relative humidity varied
into electrical energy, taking advantage of the between 72.8% (minimum, in March) and 84.6%
properties of semiconductor materials through (maximum, in December), while the wind speed
photovoltaic cells. The base material for the reached its maximum of 5.46 km/h during the month
manufacture of photovoltaic panels is usually silicon. of February. The behavior of these climatic variables
When sunlight (photons) strikes one of the faces of the allows the satisfactory development of dairy farming.
solar cell, it generates an electrical current. This As a result of studying the behavior of electricity
generated electricity can be used as a source of energy consumption in 021 Dairy Farm, during the year 2021,
(Sánchez et al., 2017; Perpiñán, 2020; Kaffman, a high consumption equivalent to a monthly average
2021). of 3102,083 kWh was verified.
At present, the economic feasibility of introducing a The dairy has 34 milking cows, which reached an
photovoltaic solar system with static changes that average daily milk production of 7.4 L/cow during
satisfies the demand of 021 Dairy Farm of "El 2021, so this dairy collects a total of 251.6 L/day on a
Guayabal" University Farm is not known, so it is daily basis.

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Estimation of the Consumption in the Dairy Farm Lmdn

QAℎ = Vbat , Aℎ/day (3)
For dimensioning the photovoltaic solar installation,
where:
the critical average daily consumption of the load to
Vbat : Battery voltage (12 V), V.
which energy has to be supplied was initially
determined. This parameter is associated with the days Likewise, according to Alonso (2011) & Cantos
with the highest energy consumption. Due to the fact (2016), the current that a photovoltaic system must
that, in Cuba, the behavior of the incidence of solar generate in the critical month of solar radiation is
radiation does not vary abruptly during the 12 months determined as:
QAℎ
of the year, the monthly mean value of the incident Igfv, mpp = HPScrit , A (4)
radiation for an angle of inclination of 18°-25° degrees
to the south is of 5.00 kWh/m2 (Bérriz et al., 2016). where:
To determine the energy to be delivered by the HPScrit : Peak sun hours of the critical month, h.
photovoltaic system, the losses involving the batteries, Then, being Igfv, mpp the current generated by the
the inverter and the conductors were considered. photovoltaic system (the total number of solar panels
To calculate the average daily consumption of the installed) and dividing it by the unit current of each
dairy farm, the average consumption for constant photovoltaic module, the total number of modules
loads and the number of inventories were taken into necessary to connect in parallel is obtained (Alonso,
account, due to the fact that the equipment used in the 2011). So that:
area under study is subjected to static loads, as is the Igfv, mpp
Np = Imod (5)
case of fodder mill, refrigeration system, mechanized
milking system, water pump, electric fence and where:
illumination. Static electrical charges are considered Imod : Specific unit current of each photovoltaic
those that have a fixed consumption of electrical module, A.
energy over time (Prado, 2008; Encuentra, 2020). Each photovoltaic module is made up of four
Therefore, considering the methodology proposed panels, a 250 W grid injection micro-inverter and
by León et al. (2021), it is possible to determine the occupies an area of 3.12 m2.
average daily consumption of the installation, using
the following expression: Methodology for the Dimensioning of the
Lmd
Lmdn = Accumulation System
ηbat ∙ ηinv ∙ ηcond , kWℎ (1)
where: In this investigation, the determination of an
Lmd: Critical real average consumption of the load, accumulation system was not considered, since
kWh; conceiving this would considerably increase the cost
ηbat: Battery efficiency; of introducing photovoltaic solar energy in the
ηinv: Inverter efficiency; scenario under study.
ηcond: Conductor efficiency.
Methodology for Estimating the Economic Impact
To determine the energy demand of the productive
of the Installation
scenario, a survey of the electrical means and
equipment located in the area under study is carried When a photovoltaic solar system is used, clean,
out, determining the power (N) of each of them and renewable and safe energy is used efficiently. It
the daily operation time (To), with these two contributes significantly to the reduction of
parameters, the energy consumed daily L md in the greenhouse gases that cause climate change and
dairy farm can be determined using the following considerably improves air quality, since the use of
expression: fossil fuels is significantly reduced. As a result of the
Lmd = N ∙ T0, kWℎ (2) above, it is necessary to know how much fossil energy
where: is no longer consumed (number of kWh of electricity
N: Power of electrical equipment and means, kW; avoided monthly and annually) with the
To: Daily operation time, h. implementation of this photovoltaic solar system
(Canvi climàtic, 2011; Acevedo 2016). Acevedo
Methodology for Dimensioning the Photovoltaic (2016) points out that from the use of these
System photovoltaic solar systems, a certain amount of
electrical energy is saved in a month, for which:
To determine the number of solar panels required, a
criterion was used based on the estimation of the QCM = Lmd ∙ Dm, kWℎ (6)
consumption of Ampere-hours (Ah) of the installation where:
as recommended by Hernández (2007), being the Dm : Days in a month.
average daily current consumption required: Being the energy saved in a year:

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QCA = 12 ∙ QCM ∙ Dm, kWℎ (7) case of the dairy farm under study, a significant part of
To determine the cost of energy saved in a year, the electricity consumption is associated with water
provisions of RESOLUTION 66/2021 Bolaños (2021) supply and the processing of animal feed (forage
of the Ministry of Finance and Prices of the Republic milling) and human feed (obtaining and refrigerating
of Cuba were considered, which establish electricity milk). That is why its electrical consumption has a
rates in Cuban pesos (CUP) for the collection of great variability, as it is shown in Figure 1.
electric service. For the specific case of the present Based on the analysis, it was found that, during
investigation, since it is a dairy farm, whose corporate 2021, the highest daily energy consumption was
purpose is the production of bovine milk, the system obtained in the months of January, February and April
of high voltage rates with continuous activity is with values of 106,141.5 and 115.9 kWh, respectively,
considered, specifically the one that responds to the which shows that 021 Dairy Farm is a high consumer
energy consumed during business hours’ day: of electricity.
Cday = a . K + b . Qcday, CUP/day (8)
Proposal for a Photovoltaic Solar System for the
where:
a, b: Coefficients to be applied according to the type 021 Dairy Farm
of rate (1.5282 and 0.7273 CUP/kWh, respectively); For the realization of the proposal of a photovoltaic
K: Fuel price variation adjustment factor; Qcday: solar system in areas of 021 Dairy Farm, solar panels
Energy consumption in one day, kWh/day. marketed by the Cuban company COPEXTEL were
By analogy, the cost of energy saved in a year can used. The corresponding technical data are shown in
be calculated, which is possible through the equation: Table 1.
CUP In addition, Trojan batteries were selected, whose
Cyear = a . K + b . QcA, year (9)
technical data are shown in Table 2.
Methodology for Estimating the Environmental For this proposal, the inverter that COPEXTEL
Impact of the Installation sells was also taken into account, with a power 20%
In order to implement these heat machines, it was greater than that demanded by the equipment.
necessary to know the amount of emissions avoided In this case, the use of a maximum power point
into the atmosphere. The mass of CO2 emitted into the monitoring regulator is not considered, since the
atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels was photovoltaic systems that include it constitute systems
determined according to Ruisánchez (2018): that improve the efficiency of the installation between
kg 10 and 25%. The fundamental problem with these
MCO2 = ι ∙ QCM, montℎ (10) regulators lies in their high cost for small and
where:
ι : Emission rate, kg/kWℎ
According to the National Electrical Union UNE-
Cuba (2021), each kWh produced at the generation
plant level emits 1.13 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere.
The mass of fossil fuel needed to produce a given
amount of energy in one month was determined by:
MCM = γ ∙ QCM, kg/montℎ (11)
where:
γ : Fuel consumption index, kg/kWℎ
The assumed value for the consumption rate is FIGURE 2. Behavior of the average daily energy
0.262 kg/kWh (ICG-Brasil, 2012; UNE-Cuba 2021) consumption of 021 Dairy Farm (2021).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION TABLE 1. Technical data of the solar panels

marketed by COPEXTEL
Assessment of the Electrical Energy Consumption
of 021 Dairy Farm Parameter Specification
Module peak power under standard
In 021 Dairy Farm, static electrical loads are 270
conditions, W
basically evident. Systems that have a static load are Maximum module voltage, V 55,10
those in which their electrical consumption does not Module short circuit current, A 5,30
depend significantly on their state of load (Prado, Module maximum unit current, A 4,9
2008; Encuentra, 2020). Examples of this type of Investor performance 0,9
systems are those that involve low and medium power Conductors performance 1
electric motors. Such is the case of electric forage Battery performance 0,95
mills and water pumps, among others. In the particular

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TABLE 2. Technical data of the proposed Trojan • Considering the current pumping system
monoblock batteries • Without considering the current pumping system
Parameter Specification • Assessing the introduction of a solar pumping
Maximum Seasonal Discharge Depth, % 70 system PS2-150 C-SJ5-8 Brand LORENTZ.
Maximum Daily Discharge Depth, % 15
In the specific case of the last variant, this solar
Performance 0,9-0,95
pumping system is made up of: two solar panels, a
Voltage, V 12
PS2-150 Controller and a submersible pump with a
Current capacity, A 240
maximum load of 20 m and a maximum output of
4.6 m3/h (1 .2 L/s, these elements are shown in Figure
medium-sized installations. In the case of the 3 (a, b and c)
proposal, due to the volume of energy to be generated, Table 4 summarizes the values of the dimensioning
it would require a large-capacity regulator with parameters of the photovoltaic solar system,
maximum power point tracking capacity, which would considering the existing pumping system.
raise the total cost of the installation by at least 30 to As it can be seen in Table 4, with the use of
40% more just for this concept. (Gasquet, 2004; photovoltaic solar energy, it is possible to reduce costs
Acevedo, 2016). for conventional fuels to produce electricity. The cost
of the electrical energy not consumed from the use of
Dimensioning of the Parts of the Proposed the energy generated from the proposed variants is
Photovoltaic Solar System 241,320.7 CUP/month (considering the current
pumping system), 88,917.52 CUP/month (without
Before proceeding to determine the dimensioning of considering the current pumping system) and
the solar photovoltaic system for the areas of 89,535 CUP/month (considering the introduction of
021 Dairy Farm, a survey of the existing means and
the PS2-150 C-SJ5-8 solar pumping system) per
equipment in the scenario under study was carried out,
month, respectively. On the other hand, if the milk
as well as their operating time, which were reflected in
production of the dairy is considered, which amounts
Table 3.
As it can be seen in Table 3, 102.85 kWh of to 251.6 L/day and the price of milk is equivalent to
electrical energy are consumed daily in this dairy 20 CUP/L, then it is possible to collect 5,032 CUP/day
farm, an element that demonstrates the high (150,960 CUP /month), so that for each case analyzed
consumption of this production scenario. It is it is possible to recover the investment in: 1.6 months
important to point out that 62,9% of the energy when considering the pumping system, 0.6 months
consumed is due to water pumping, so the without considering the pumping system and
dimensioning of the photovoltaic solar system was 0.6 months with the introduction of the PS2-150 C-
determined for three variants: SJ5-8 solar pumping.

TABLE 3. Energy characteristics of the means and electrical equipment existing in 021 Dairy Farm
Electrical means and equipment Power, kW Operating time, h Energy consumed per day, kWh/day
Fodder mill 5,5 1 5.5
Water pump 18,5 3,5 64.75
Refrigeration system 4 4 16
Mechanized milking system 5 3 15
Electric fence 0,04 10 0.4
Luminaires 0,1 12 1.2
Total 102.85

FIGURE 3. Component parts of the solar pumping system PS2-150 C-SJ5-8 LORENTZ brand:
a) Photovoltaic panels b) PS2-150 controller c) submersible pump.

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TABLE 4. Dimensioning of the photovoltaic solar system for the

three variants and economic analysis of the proposals
Parameter Symbol Value
Average daily consumption of the dairy farm Lmdn, kWℎ 119.95
Average daily power consumption QAℎ, Aℎ/day 9995.83
Current that the photovoltaic field must generate in the critical month of solar radiation Igfv, mpp, A 1675.80
Considering the current pumping system
Total solar panels Np 342
Total photovoltaic modules Nm 85
Required area Ar,m 2 267
Energy to produce with the photovoltaic system Ep, kWℎ 2567.24
Investment cost Cinv, CUP 1 048 290
Without considering the current pumping system
Total solar panels Np 126
Total photovoltaic modules Nm 32
Required area Ar , m2 99
Energy to produce with the photovoltaic system Ep, kWℎ 945.93
Investment cost Cinv, CUP 386 255.2
Considering the solar pumping system PS2-150 C-SJ5-8 Brand LORENTZ
Total solar panels Np 128
Total photovoltaic modules Nm 33
Required area Ar , m2 101
Energy to produce with the photovoltaic system Ep, kWℎ 952.50
Investment cost Cinv, CUP 419 586.6

However, the volume of production under current TABLE 5. Results of the environmental impact as a
conditions and its economic value allow the consequence of the proposed installation
investment in the acquisition of the photovoltaic solar
Estimated
system to be recovered in a period of 0.21 years Parameter
(considering the current pumping system), 0.23 years value
(without considering the current pumping system) and Electrical energy not consumed, kW/day. 119.95
0.57 years (considering the acquisition of the Electrical energy saved, kWh/year. 43 781.75
PS2-150 C-SJ5-8 solar pumping system). Taking into Mass of CO2 not emitted to the atm, t/year. 49.47
account the acquisition of the PS2-150 C-SJ5-8 solar Mass of fossil fuel to produce electricity, t/year. 11.47
pumping system, this investment is recovered in
0.23 years.
If both, the saving of energy carriers in the form of energy and the mass of CO2 not emitted into the
fossil fuels and the environmental and productive environment, the economic and environmental
impact are considered, it can be affirmed that the feasibility of the introduction of the photovoltaic
installation of a photovoltaic solar system is feasible system in 021 Dairy Farm is demonstrated.
to satisfy the demand of 021 Dairy Farm of the
Guayabal Farm. CONCLUSIONS
• The volume of production under current conditions
Analysis of the Environmental Impact of the and its economic value allow the investment in the
Proposed Installation acquisition of the photovoltaic solar system to be
Photovoltaic systems, when using a clean energy recovered in a period of 0.21 years (considering the
source to produce electricity, do not consume any type current pumping system), 0.23 years (without
of fossil fuel, thus, with equation (6), the electrical considering the current pumping) and 0.57 years
energy that would not be consumed in one day was (considering the acquisition of the PS2-150 C-
determined. In addition, with these results it is SJ5-8 solar pumping system).
possible through expression (10) to know the mass of • The proposed installation would have a positive
CO2 not emitted into the atmosphere, being reflected impact on the environment, since with the three
in Table 5. variants analyzed, electrical energy savings of no
As evidenced in Table 5, due to the reduction of the less than 43,781.75 kWh/year were obtained; thus,
fossil fuel required for the production of electrical at least 49.47 t of CO2 would be avoided being

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emitted annually, and at least 11.47 t of fossil fuel DÍAZ, A.J.L.: Incidencia del período interpartal en la
would not be consumed. vida reproductiva de vacas lecheras en la unidad
• The installation of the photovoltaic solar system is “Manuel Fajardo”., Universidad de Holguín,
feasible energetically, economically and Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Agropecuarias,
environmentally, since there would be significant Tesis de diploma, Holguín, Cuba, publisher:
savings for energy not consumed. Universidad de Holguín, Facultad de Ciencias
Naturales y Agropecuarias Dpto …, 2018.
GRATEFULNESS ENCUENTRA, M.M.: Diseño de una planta de
generación solar fotovoltaica, Escuela Técnica
The workers of Guayabal Farm and the ranchers of Superior de Ingeniería Industrial de Barcelona,
021 Dairy Farm are thanked for their valuable Tesis de Diploma (en opción al título de Ingeniero
contribution in carrying out this research. en Tecnologías Industriales), Barcelona, España,
publisher: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya,
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Jenifer Alvarez-Lima, Profesora, Universidad Agraria de La Habana (UNAH), Facultad de Agronomía, Dpto.
Producción Agrícola, Autopista Nacional km 23½, San José de las Lajas, CP: 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba.
Javier A. León-Martínez, Profesor, Universidad Agraria de La Habana (UNAH), Facultad de Ciencias Técnicas,
Autopista Nacional km 23½, San José de las Lajas, CP: 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba, e-mail: [email protected].
Yanoy Morejón-Mesa, Profesor Titular, Universidad Agraria de La Habana (UNAH), Facultad de Ciencias
Técnicas, Autopista Nacional km 23½, San José de las Lajas, CP: 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba, e-mail:
[email protected].
Ramón Pelegrín-Rodríguez, Estudiante de Ingeniería Agrícola, Universidad Agraria de La Habana (UNAH),
Facultad de Ciencias Técnicas, Autopista Nacional km 23½, San José de las Lajas, CP: 32700, Mayabeque,
Cuba, e-mail: [email protected].
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS: Conceptualization: J. Alvarez Lima, J. León Martínez, Y. Morejón Mesa.
Data curation: J. Alvarez Lima, Y. Morejón Mesa. Formal Analysis: J. Alvarez Lima, Y. Morejón Mesa, J.
León Martínez. Investigation: Alvarez Lima, Y. Morejón Mesa, J. León Martínez, R. Pelegrin Rodríguez.
Methodology: J. Alvarez Lima, Y. Morejón Mesa, J. León Martínez. Supervision: J. Alvarez Lima, Y. Morejón
Mesa. Validation: J. Alvarez Lima, Y. Morejón Mesa, R. Pelegrin Rodríguez. Writing - original draft: Alvarez
Lima, Y. Morejón Mesa, J. León Martínez, R. Pelegrin Rodríguez. Writing - review & editing: J. Alvarez Lima,
Y. Morejón Mesa, J. León Martínez

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