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Multithrading

This document discusses multithreading in C#. It explains that multithreading allows multiple processes to run simultaneously by using threads. A process can contain multiple threads that each perform different tasks. The main benefits of multithreading are that it allows tasks to execute simultaneously rather than sequentially, maximizing CPU utilization through time sharing of threads.

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18 views26 pages

Multithrading

This document discusses multithreading in C#. It explains that multithreading allows multiple processes to run simultaneously by using threads. A process can contain multiple threads that each perform different tasks. The main benefits of multithreading are that it allows tasks to execute simultaneously rather than sequentially, maximizing CPU utilization through time sharing of threads.

Uploaded by

princechauhan9837
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C# Multithreading

 Multitasking is the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks or


processes over a certain time interval.
 Windows operating system is an example of multitasking because it is
capable of running more than one process at a time like running Google
Chrome, Notepad, VLC player, etc. at the same time.
 The operating system uses a term known as a process to execute all
these applications at the same time.
 A process is a part of an operating system that is responsible for
executing an application.
 Every program that executes on your system is a process and to run
the code inside the application a process uses a term known as
a thread.
 A thread is a lightweight process, or in other words, a thread is a unit
which executes the code under the program.
 So every program has logic and a thread is responsible for executing
this logic.
 Every program by default carries one thread to executes the logic of
the program and the thread is known as the Main Thread,
 so every program or application is by default single-threaded model.
This single-threaded model has a drawback.
 The single thread runs all the process present in the program in
synchronizing manner, means one after another.
 So, the second process waits until the first process completes its
execution, it consumes more time in processing.
 For example, we have a class named as Geek and this class contains
two different methods, i.e method1, method2.
 Now the main thread is responsible for executing all these methods, so
the main thread executes all these methods one by one.
Example:

// C# program to illustrate the


// concept of single threaded model
using System;
using System.Threading;
public class ABC {
// static method one
public static void method1()
{
// It prints numbers from 0 to 10
for (int I = 0; I <= 10; I++) {
Console.WriteLine("Method1 is : {0}", I);
// When the value of I is equal to
// 5 then this method sleeps for
// 6 seconds and after 6 seconds
// it resumes its working
if (I == 5) {
Thread.Sleep(6000);
}
}
}
// static method two
public static void method2()
{
// It prints numbers from 0 to 10
for (int J = 0; J <= 10; J++) {
Console.WriteLine("Method2 is : {0}", J);
}
}
}

// Driver Class
public class XYZ {

// Main Method
static public void Main()
{
// Calling static methods
ABC.method1();
ABC.method2();
}
}

Output:
Method1 is : 0
Method1 is : 1
Method1 is : 2
Method1 is : 3
Method1 is : 4
Method1 is : 5
Method1 is : 6
Method1 is : 7
Method1 is : 8
Method1 is : 9
Method1 is : 10
Method2 is : 0
Method2 is : 1
Method2 is : 2
Method2 is : 3
Method2 is : 4
Method2 is : 5
Method2 is : 6
Method2 is : 7
Method2 is : 8
Method2 is : 9
Method2 is : 10
Explanation: Here, first of all, method1 executes. In method1 , for loop starts
from 0 when the value of i is equal to 5 then the method goes into sleep for 6
seconds and after 6 seconds it resumes its process and print remaining value.
Until method2 is in the waiting state. method2 start its working
when method1 complete its assigned task. So to overcome the drawback of
single threaded model multithreading is introduced.

 Multi-threading is a process that contains multiple threads within a single


process.
 Here each thread performs different activities.
 For example, we have a class and this call contains two different methods,
now using multithreading each method is executed by a separate thread.
So the major advantage of multithreading is it works simultaneously, which
means multiple tasks execute at the same time.
 And also maximizing the utilization of the CPU because multithreading
works on time-sharing concept mean each thread takes its own time for
execution and does not affect the execution of another thread, this time
interval is given by the operating system.

Example:

// C# program to illustrate the


// concept of multithreading
using System;
using System.Threading;

public class ABC {

// static method one


public static void method1()
{

// It prints numbers from 0 to 10


for (int I = 0; I <= 10; I++) {
Console.WriteLine("Method1 is : {0}", I);

// When the value of I is equal to 5 then


// this method sleeps for 6 seconds
if (I == 5) {
Thread.Sleep(6000);
}
}
}

// static method two


public static void method2()
{
// It prints numbers from 0 to 10
for (int J = 0; J <= 10; J++) {
Console.WriteLine("Method2 is : {0}", J);
}
}

// Main Method
static public void Main()
{

// Creating and initializing threads


Thread thr1 = new Thread(method1);
Thread thr2 = new Thread(method2);
thr1.Start();
thr2.Start();
}
}

Output :
Method1 is : 0
Method1 is : 1
Method1 is : 2
Method1 is : 3
Method2 is : 0
Method2 is : 1
Method2 is : 2
Method2 is : 3
Method2 is : 4
Method2 is : 5
Method2 is : 6
Method2 is : 7
Method2 is : 8
Method2 is : 9
Method2 is : 10
Method1 is : 4
Method1 is : 5
Method1 is : 6
Method1 is : 7
Method1 is : 8
Method1 is : 9
Method1 is : 10
Explanation: Here, we create and initialize two threads, i.e thr1 and thr2 using
Thread class. Now using thr1.Start(); and thr2.Start(); we start the
execution of both the threads. Now both thread runs simultaneously and the
processing of thr2 does not depend upon the processing of thr1 like in the
single threaded model.
Note: Output may vary due to context switching.
Advantages of Multithreading:
 It executes multiple process simultaneously.
 Maximize the utilization of CPU resources.
 Time sharing between multiple process.

Setting Thread Priorities:

We can set thread Priorities using thread’s property. That


could be called by the thread instance. Example

Thread t1 = new Thread(“myfunction”);

t1.Priority = ThreadPriority.Lowest;

or
t1.Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest;

or

t1.Priority = ThreadPriority.AboveNormal;

or

t1.Priority = ThreadPriority.Lowest;
Thread Life Cycle
The life cycle of a thread starts when an object of the
System.Threading.Thread class is created and ends when the
thread is terminated or completes execution.

Following are the various states in the life cycle of a thread −

 The Unstarted State − It is the situation when the instance of


the thread is created but the Start method is not called.
 The Ready State − It is the situation when the thread is ready
to run and waiting CPU cycle.
 The Not Runnable State − A thread is not executable, when
o Sleep method has been called
o Wait method has been called
o Blocked by I/O operations
 The Dead State − It is the situation when the thread completes
execution or is aborted.
The Main Thread
In C#, the System.Threading.Thread class is used for working
with threads. It allows creating and accessing individual threads in
a multithreaded application. The first thread to be executed in a
process is called the main thread.

When a C# program starts execution, the main thread is


automatically created. The threads created using the Thread class
are called the child threads of the main thread. You can access a
thread using the CurrentThread property of the Thread class.

The following program demonstrates main thread execution −


using System;
using System.Threading;

namespace MultithreadingApplication {
class MainThreadProgram {
static void Main(string[] args) {
Thread th = Thread.CurrentThread;
th.Name = "MainThread";

Console.WriteLine("This is {0}", th.Name);


Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
Output:

This is MainThread

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