2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 1

1. E
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. E
9. D
10. D
11. B
12. D
13. C
14. B
15. B
16. C
17. C
18. D
19. E
20. C
21. A
22. A
23. A
24. D
25. B

1
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 2

√
1. What is 64 + 2 · 62 · 82 + 8 4 ?
√ √ √
(A) 10 (B) 10 3 (C) 2 1398 (D) 4 481 (E) 100

Factor the expression and then recognize the Pythagorean triple:

p
(62 + 82 )2
62 + 8 2
102 = (E) 100

2. Joe wants to buy a shirt. He notices that the original price is $25, but it is on sale for
20% off. The tax is 8% of the sale price. How much money does Joe need to pay for
the shirt?

(A) $16.00 (B) $18.40 (C) $21.60 (D) $22.00 (E) $36.00

Multiply the original price of $25 by 0.8 for the sale price and then multiply by 1.08 to
include tax:

$25.00 · 0.8 · 1.08 = (C) $21.60

3. Two fair six-sided dice numbered with integers from 1 through 6 are tossed. What is
the probability that the sum and the product of the two values that show up on top of
the dice are both odd?
1 1 1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) (E)
16 8 4 2
Recognize that if the sum of two integers is odd, one of the integers is even and the
other is odd. If an odd integer is multiplied by an even integer, the product is always
even. Therefore, the answer is (A) 0 .

4. A picture frame is made by cutting out a 7 × 10 × 1 rectangular prism from the center
of a 9 × 12 × 1 rectangular prism. What is the surface area of the picture frame?

(A) 128 (B) 136 (C) 144 (D) 152 (E) 160

2
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 3

We can visualize that the top and bottom both have an area of 38. The outer sides of
the picture frame have a total area of 9 + 9 + 12 + 12 = 42. The inner sides have a total
area of 7+7+10+10 = 34. Add the areas for an answer of 38+38+42+34 = (D) 152 .

5. Manuel chooses a random real number from the interval [0, 2018]. Nicole, Olivia, and
Peter try to guess the number that Manuel chose. Their guesses are also random real
numbers from the interval [0, 2018]. What is the probability that Nicole’s guess is too
low, Olivia’s guess is too high, and Peter’s guess is also too high?

1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
16 12 8 6 4
Call the numbers that Manuel, Nicole, Olivia, and Peter chose m, n, o, and p respec-
tively. We can find that there are 4! = 24 permutations of m, n, o, and p. There are
two permutations that satisfy the conditions stated in the problem:

n<m<o<p
n<m<p<o

2 1
The answer is which is simplified to (B) .
24 12

6. n is a positive integer. The decimal representation of n! ends in r zeros. The decimal

representation of n! + (n − 1)! ends in s zeros. Which of the following values of n causes
s to be greater than r?

(A) 2014 (B) 2015 (C) 2016 (D) 2017 (E) 2018

Rewrite the expression n!+(n−1)! as n(n−1)!+(n−1)!. Then, factoring the expression

results in (n + 1)(n − 1)!. We can see that 2015(2013!) is divisible by a larger power of
10 than 2014! = 2014(2013!) because the additional factor of 5 can multiply by a factor
of 2. The answer is (A) 2014 .

7. a and b are positive integers in the equation a2 + 4b = b2 + a, and a > 1. What is the
only possible value of a + b?

(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12 (E) 24

3
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 4

Move the terms with a to one side and the terms with b to the other side: a2 −a = b2 −4b.
Factor both sides: a(a − 1) = b(b − 4). We cans see that a(a − 1) = b(b − 4) must have
at least 2 pairs of factors. The factors in one pair must have a difference of 1 and the
factors in the other pair must have a difference of 4. By inspection, we can see that
12 = 3 · 4 = 2 · 6. Therefore, the answer is 4 + 6 = (C) 10 .

8. Each element of the set {1, 2, 3, . . . , 9} is placed into either set X or set Y but not
both. All of the elements in set X make up a single arithmetic progression with at
least three elements. All of the elements in set Y also make up a single arithmetic
progression with at least three elements. For example, a possibility is X = {1, 2, 3}
and Y = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. How many distinct sets can X be equal to?

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 10

We can list out the possibilities as follows:

X = {1, 2, 3}, Y = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

X = {1, 2, 3, 4}, Y = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, Y = {6, 7, 8, 9}
X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, Y = {7, 8, 9}
X = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, Y = {1, 2, 3}
X = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, Y = {1, 2, 3, 4}
X = {6, 7, 8, 9}, Y = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
X = {7, 8, 9}, Y = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
X = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, Y = {2, 4, 6, 8}
X = {2, 4, 6, 8}, Y = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}

There are (E) 10 possibilities.

9. Ashley and Ben are playing a game. At the beginning of the game, n = 1. Starting
with Ashley, the players then take turns multiplying n by an integer between 2 and 9,
inclusive. The first player to get a product of at least 100 wins. If neither player makes
any mistakes, how many different integers can Ashley multiply n by on her first turn
in order to win?

4
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 5

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

We can see that Ashley is able to win if it is her turn and 12 ≤ n ≤ 99. When it is
Ben’s turn and 6 ≤ n ≤ 11, Ben is forced to satisfy 12 ≤ n ≤ 99, causing Ashley to
win. If Ashley chooses 6, 7, 8, or 9, she will win. If Ashley chooses 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, Ben
is able to win by multiplying so that 6 ≤ n ≤ 11, forcing Ashley to satisfy 12 ≤ n ≤ 99.
The answer is (D) 4 .

10. Seven congruent equilangular hexagons are drawn inside regular hexagon ABCDEF
as shown. If AB = 1, the perimeter of one of the smaller hexagons is equal to ab where
a and b are relatively prime positive integers. What is a + b?

F A

E B

D C

(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 16 (E) 18

1
Notice that four sides of each of the smaller hexagons have a length of . We can then
2
draw in EB. Draw a line from the midpoint of EF down to EB so that a 30-60-90
triangle with a hypotenuse along EF is formed. We can calculate that the shorter leg
1
of the triangle has a length of . Call the length of one of the shorter sides of the small
4
hexagons x. By drawing five other 30-60-90 triangles (for a total of six, with two in
1
each small hexagon that EB passes through), we can find that EB = 6 · + 5x.
4

5
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 6

F A

E x x x x x B

D C

1 1
Note that EB = 2. Solving for x in the equation 2 = 6 · + 5x results in x = . Find
4 10
1 1 11
the perimeter by calculating 4 · + 2 · = . The answer is 11 + 5 = (D) 16 .
2 10 5
Alternate solution:
1
Notice that four sides of each of the smaller hexagons have a length of . Set x to the
2
length of one of the remaining sides. Set y to the distance between the two vertices
1
that are surrounded by sides with lengths of . Also, note that EB = 2. Solve for x
2
in this system of equations:

2x + 3y = 2
4x + y = 1

1 1 1 11
The result is x = . Find the perimeter by calculating 4 · + 2 · = . The answer
10 2 10 5
is 11 + 5 = (D) 16 .

11. How many numbers from the set {82 , 182 , 282 , . . . , 20182 } have a remainder of 64 when
divided by 100?

(A) 40 (B) 41 (C) 403 (D) 404 (E) 405

Rewrite the numbers as (10n + 8)2 . Multiply it out to 100n2 + 160n + 64. We can
see that if 160n is a multiple of 100, (10n + 8)2 has a remainder of 64 when divided

6
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 7

by 100. 160n is a multiple of 100 if n is a multiple of 5. Therefore, the numbers

{82 , 582 , 1082 , . . . , 20082 } have a remainder of 64. There are (B) 41 numbers in that
set.

12. In triangle ABC, AB = BC = 1 and m6 ABC = 90◦ . Non-overlapping congruent

circles D, E, and F are placed inside triangle ABC so that each circle is internally
tangent to triangle ABC at two different points. If circle E is externally tangent to
circles D and F , what is the radius of circle D?

D
1

F E

C 1 B

√ √ √ √
2− 2 5− 2 √ 4− 2 3− 2
(A) (B) (C) 3 − 2 2 (D) (E)
4 23 14 7

Add point G at the point tangency between circle E and BC. Add point H at the
point of tangency between circle D and AC. Add point J on AC so triangle DHJ is
a 45-45-90 triangle, and points J, D, E, and G are collinear. Add point K on AB so
that 6 AKJ = 90◦ .

7
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 8

A
J
K
H
D
1

F E

C 1 G B

√ √
Let r represent the radius
√ of circle D. DJ = 2r so GJ = (3 + 2)r. Also, BGJK is a
rectangle so BK = (3+ 2)r. JK = r and AK = JK so AK = r. AK +BK = AB = 1
√
√ 4− 2
so AB = (4 + 2)r = 1. Solving for r results in (D) .
14

13. A three-digit positive integer n is called triskaidekaphillic if it satisfies at least one of

the following conditions:

• n is evenly divisible by 13.

• n contains 13 in its digits. For example, 135 and 513 both satisfy this condition,
but 153 and 531 don’t.

How many three-digit positive integers are triskaidekaphillic?

(A) 78 (B) 86 (C) 87 (D) 94 (E) 95

104 = 13 · 8 and 988 = 13 · 76 so there are 69 three-digit positive integers that are
evenly divisible by 13. The numbers 131, 132, 133, . . . , 139 are not divisible by 13
because 130 is divisible by 13. That means we can add them to 69: 69 + 9 = 78. We
can also find that the numbers 113, 213, 313, . . . , 913 are not divisible by 13 because
the numbers 100, 200, 300, . . . , 900 are not divisible by 13. Add the numbers to 78:
78 + 9 = (C) 87 .

14. 6 students each took a 10-point science quiz. Each student received a score within
the set {7, 8, 9, 10}, and each score in the set {7, 8, 9, 10} was received by at least one

8
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 9

student. In how many ways could the students have scored?

(A) 1320 (B) 1560 (C) 2400 (D) 2640 (E) 5760

Notice that there are two possible cases when considering tied scores: either three
students tie for the same score or two students tie for one score and two students tie
for a different score.

First, we can consider the case of two students tying for one score and two students
tyingfor a different score. Choose four students out of six, one with each score in the
6
set. = 15. Now, arrange the four students in any order. There are 4! = 24 possible
4
orders. Now, one of the remaining students can have any score and the other student
can have any remaining score. There are 4 · 3 = 12 ways for this to happen. Notice
that it is possible to choose different students when initially choosing four students.
Choosing either student works if two students are tied, so divide the result by 4. The
15 · 24 · 12
total number of possibilities for this case is = 1080.
4
Next, we can consider the case of three students tying for the same score. Choose four
students out of six again. There are 15 possible combinations. Now, arrange the four
students again. There are 24 possible orders. The two other students must be tied for
the same score. There are 4 possible scores. Divide by 3 because initially choosing any
student yields the same result if the students are tied. The total number of possibilities
15 · 24 · 4
for this case is = 480.
3

Add the possibilities for the two cases together: 1080 + 480 = (B) 1560 .

15. In the diagram shown below, square ABCD has a side length of 10. Point E is the
midpoint of BC and point F is the midpoint of CD. If m6 EJD = m6 √ EKA =
◦ r t
m F GB = m F HA = 75 , the area of the shaded quadrilateral is equal to s where
6 6
r, s, and t are positive integers, r and s are relatively prime, and t is not evenly divisible
by the square of any integer greater than 1. What is r + s + t?

9
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 10

A G H B

D F C

(A) 31 (B) 34 (C) 37 (D) 43 (E) 49

Call the intersection of EJ and F G point L, the intersection of EJ and F H point

M , the intersection of EK and F H point N , and the intersection of EK and F G
point O. The sum of the interior angles in a triangle is always 180◦ , so m6 GF H =
m6 JEK = 30◦ . EJ is perpendicular to F H because the slopes of the two line segments
are negative reciprocals. Also, EK is perpendicular to F G. Using this information,
we can find that m6 F N O = m6 EN M = 60◦ . That means m6 M N O = 120◦ and
m6 M LO = 60◦ . Now, draw in EF .

A G H B

J L
M
E

O N
K

D F C

Triangle LF E is equilateral. We can verify this by seeing that m6 DF G + m6 LF E +

m6 EF C = 180◦ if m6 LF E = 60◦ . We can calculate that the area of triangle LF E is

10
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 11

√ √
25 3 √ 5 6
because the base is 5 2 and the height is . Drawing an altitude from point
2 2
L to EF splits triangle LF E into six congruent parts. Two out of the six parts make
1
up quadrilateral LM N O so the area of quadrilateral LM N O is the area of triangle
√ 3
25 3
LF E. The area of quadrilateral LM N O is , so the answer is 25+3+6 = (B) 34 .
6

16. Anna and Beth are 10 kilometers apart from each other on a road. They both start
walking toward each other. Anna walks at 4 kilometers per hour, and Beth walks at 5
kilometers per hour. After a while, Anna runs at 10 kilometers per hour, while Beth
still walks at 5 kilometers per hour. Anna and Beth both stopped when they met
each other. If the distance that Anna walked is equal to the distance that Anna ran,
the total distance that Anna traveled in kilometers is equal to m
n
where m and n are
relatively prime positive integers. What is m + n?

(A) 11 (B) 17 (C) 19 (D) 29 (E) 41

distance
We can make a system of equations based on speed = . Let d be the distance
time
that Anna walked or the distance that Anna ran (Both are equal.). Let tw be the time
that Anna walked, and let tr be the time that Anna ran. These three equations are
needed:

d
4=
tw
d
10 =
tr
10 − 2d
5=
tw + tr

16
Solving for 2d results in 2d = . The answer is 16 + 3 = (C) 19 .
3

17. The diagonals of quadrilateral ABCD are perpendicular to each other. Let point E
be the intersection of the diagonals. If AE = 3, BE = 4, CE = 5, and DE = 6, the
side length of a square inscribed in quadrilateral ABCD with two sides parallel to AC
and the other two sides parallel to BD is equal to ab where a and b are relatively prime
positive integers. What is a + b?

11
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 12

(A) 37 (B) 39 (C) 49 (D) 61 (E) 155

Call the vertex on AB point F , the vertex on BC point G, the vertex on CD point H,
and the vertex on DA point J.

A
J F
E
D B

H G

Notice that triangle JAF is similar to triangle DAB, triangle F BG is similar to triangle
ABC, triangle GCH is similar to triangle BCD, and triangle HDJ is similar to triangle
4 3
CDA. We can calculate that of JF is within triangle ABE. Similarly, of F G is
10 8
within triangle ABE. Make point E (0, 0). The slope of a line passing through point
3
15
E and point F is 84 = . Make this system of equations:
10
16

15
y=x
16
3
y =− x+3
4

16 16 10 40
Solving for x results in x = . Multiply · = for an answer of 40+9 = (C) 49 .
9 9 4 9

18. How many integer values of n between 1 and 100, inclusive, cause the value of the
following expression to be an integer?

√
2
n3n
√
3
n2n

12
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 13

(A) 18 (B) 19 (C) 20 (D) 21 (E) 22

√6
√
6
First, simplify the expression to n5n . We can see that n5n is an integer if n is the
6th power of an integer or a multiple of 6. In addition, n can be a multiple of 2 and
the cube of an integer or a multiple of 3 and the square of an integer.

Calculate that there are 16 multiples of 6 between 1 and 100, inclusive. There are 2
numbers equal to the 6th powers of integers: 16 = 1 and 26 = 64. There are 2 numbers
that are multiples of 3, the squares of integers, and are not previously included: 9
and 81. There is 1 number that is a multiple of 2, the cube of an integer, and is
not previously included: 8. Adding together the calculations results in an answer of
16 + 2 + 2 + 1 = (D) 21 .

19. In the xy-coordinate plane, three distinct points with integer x- and y- coordinates are
randomly chosen within the area bounded by −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 and −1 ≤ y ≤ 1. What is
the probability that the three points, when connected, form a triangle with an area of
1?
4 5 2 1 8
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
21 21 7 3 21
We can see that there are 3 ways to obtain an area of √
1: a right √
triangle with leg lengths
of 1 and 2, an obtuse triangle
√ with side lengths of 1, 5, and 2 2, or an isosceles right
triangle with leg lengths of 2.

To calculate the number of possibilities for a right triangle with leg lengths of 1 and 2,
we can see that we need a 1 × 2 “rectangle” of 4 points and we need to then choose
3 of them. There are 4 ways to do this, and there are 4 total “rectangles” to choose
from, for a total of 16 possibilities.

To calculate the number of possibilities for the obtuse triangle, we can see that the side
with a length of 1 must be on the edge. There are 8 possibilities.

To calculate the number of possibilities for the isosceles right triangle, we can see that
for each 1 × 2 “rectangle”, there are 2 possibilities. This creates 8 total possibilities.
 
9
There are 32 possible ways to create a triangle with an area of 1. = 84 so the
3
8
answer is (E) .
21

13
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 14

20. q and r are positive integers in the following equation. There is only one possible value
of q +r. Let S(n) represent the sum of the digits of positive integer n. What is S(q +r)?

q r qr
+ =
r q 144

(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9 (E) 11

Multiply both sides by qr and then solve for q in this way:

144q 2 + 144r2 = q 2 r2
144q 2 − q 2 r2 + 144r2 = 0
q 2 (144 − r2 ) + 144r2 = 0
q 2 (144 − r2 ) = −144r2
−144r2
q2 =
144 − r2
144r2
q2 =
r2 − 144
12r
q=√
r − 122
2

Notice that the denominator of the right side of the equation is the formula for calcu-
lating the leg of a right triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem. A right triangle with
a hypotenuse of r and a leg with a length of 12 is needed. There aren’t many such
triangles to choose from. 5, 12, 13; 9, 12, 15; 12, 16, 20; and 12, 35, 37 are the only
options. We can calculate q by plugging in different values for r to find that 9, 12, 15
results in q = 20 and r = 15. Also, 12, 16, 20 results in q = 15 and r = 20, which gives
the same answer.

Add q and r together: 15 + 20 = 35. Take the sum of the digits of 35: 3 + 5 = (C) 8

Note: Calculating the Pythagorean triples and proving that those are the only ones
with a leg length of 12 is more difficult, but the most basic Pythagorean triples are
easily recognizable.

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2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 15

21. In the following diagram, m6 BAC = m6 BF C = 40◦ , m6 ABF = 80◦ , and m6 F EB =

2m6 DBE = 2m6 F BE. What is m6 ADB?

F
E

D C B

(A) 12◦ (B) 15◦ (C) 24◦ (D) 30◦ (E) 48◦

Recognize that quadrilateral ABCF is cyclic because m6 BAC = m6 BF C. We can

⌢ ⌢
figure out that m(BC) = 80◦ , and m(AF ) = 160◦ . Let point G be the intersection
⌢ ⌢ ⌢
of F C and BE. Set x to m6 DBE. We can figure out that m(F G) = m(CG) = 2x
⌢ ⌢
m(AB) − m(F G)
because m6 F BE = m6 DBE = x. m6 F EB = so we can set up the
⌢
2
m(AB) − 2x ⌢ ⌢
equation 2x = . Solving for m(AB) in terms of x results in m(AB) = 6x.
⌢ ⌢
2
m(AB) + m(F C) = 120◦ because the arcs around a circle must add up to 360◦ . That
means we can set up the equation 2x + 2x + 6x = 120◦ . Solving for x results in x = 12◦ .
⌢ ⌢
m(AB) − m(F C)
Lastly, m6 ADB = . Plugging in the values results (A) 12◦ .
2

22. The quadratic equations y = ax2 + 20x + 32 and y = x2 + bx + 16 share the same vertex
in the xy-coordinate plane. If a and b are integers, what is a + b?

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 14 (E) 21

The vertex form of a quadratic equation is a(x − h)2 + k, and the vertex is (h, k). We
can calculate that the coefficient of the quadratic term is a, the coefficient of the linear
term is −2ah, and the constant term is h2 + k. From y = ax2 + 20x + 32, we can find
that 20 = −2ah and 32 = ah2 + k. From y = x2 + bx + 16, we can find that 16 = h2 + k.
Solve the following system of equations for a:

15
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 16

20 = −2ah
32 = ah2 + k
16 = h2 + k

The only possible integer value of a is 5. When a = 5, h = −2. h is the x-coordinate

b
of the vertex. The x-coordinate of the vertex is also equal to − in any quadratic,
2a
where a is the coefficient of the quadratic term, and b is the coefficient of the linear
b
term. Therefore, we can solve the equation −2 = − for b. The result is b = 4.
2·1
a = 5 and b = 4, so the answer is 5 + 4 = (A) 9 .

23. In triangle ABC, AB = AC = 5 and BC = 6. Point D is placed on AB and point E

is placed on AC so that BD = DE and m6 BDE = 90◦ . BD is equal to uv where u
and v are relatively prime positive integers. What is u + v?

(A) 151 (B) 157 (C) 163 (D) 229 (E) 239

First, draw point F so that the points B, D, E, and F form a square. Make point
G the midpoint of BC. We can see that BG = CG = 3 and AG = 4. m6 ABG +
m6 BAG = 90◦ , and m6 ABG + m6 F BG = 90◦ , so m6 F BG = m6 BAG. Call the
intersection of BC and EF point H. Triangle F HB is similar to triangle GBA because
5 3
all angles are congruent. We can find that BH = BD and F H = BD. That means
4 4
1
EH = BD. We can find that triangle EHC is similar to triangle ABC. Using the
4
1
BD 5 3
proportion 4 = , we can find that HC = BD. Solve for BD in the equation
HC 6 10
5 3 120
BD + BD = 6. BD = so the answer is 120 + 31 = (A) 151 .
4 10 31

24. n is a nonnegative integer with up to four digits. If n has less than four digits, leading
zeros are added to n until n has four digits. Let R(n) represent n with its digits reversed
after adding leading zeros to n if necessary. For example, R(476) = R(0476) = 6740
and R(1453) = 3541. The function f is defined by f (x) = |x − R(x)|. Which integer
is closest to the average value of f (x) for all nonnegative integer values of x less than
10000?

(A) 2997 (B) 3297 (C) 3300 (D) 3326 (E) 3594

16
2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 17

Let R2 (n) represent n with its digits reversed where n is a nonnegative integer with up
to 2 digits. If n only has one digit, a leading zero is added. The function g is defined by
g(x) = |x−R2 (x)|. We can calculate the average value of g(x) for all nonnegative integer
values of x less than 100 by recognizing that 0, 11, 22, . . . , 99 results in a g(x) value of
0; 10, 21, 32, . . . , 98 and 1, 12, 23, . . . , 89 results in a g(x) value of 9; 20, 31, 42, . . . , 97
and 2, 13, 24, . . . , 79 results in a g(x) value of 18; etc. We can see that there are 10
values of x that result in g(x) = 0 and 20 − 2a values of x that result in g(x) = 9a,
where a is an positive integer less than 10. That means the average value of g(x) for
all nonnegative integer values of x less than 100 is the following:

((9 · 1) · (2 · 9)) + ((9 · 2) · (2 · 8)) + ((9 · 3) · (2 · 7)) + · · · + ((9 · 9) · (2 · 1))

100

That is equal to the following:

18((1 · 9) + (2 · 8) + (3 · 7) + · · · + (9 · 1))
100

That is also equal to the following:

18(2(1 · 9 + 2 · 8 + 3 · 7 + 4 · 6) + 5 · 5)
100

We can find that 2(1 · 9 + 2 · 8 + 3 · 7 + 4 · 6) + 5 · 5 = 165 so simplifying the expression

results in 29.7.

Now, notice that for the number abcd, where a, b, c, and d are nonnegative digits, the
average value of f (x) is 29.7 · 10 = 297 if a = d. For each number where b = c, we can
calculate using similar methods that the average values of f (x) is the following:

1998(2(1 · 9 + 2 · 8 + 3 · 7 + 4 · 6) + 5 · 5)
100

Rewrite 1998 as 2000−2 and use the value of 165 again for 2(1·9+2·8+3·7+4·6)+5·5:

(2000 − 2)(165)
100

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2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 18

Simplify the expression to 3296.7. We can find that f (x) = |999(a − d) + 90(b − c)|.
f (abcd) + f (acbd)
That means will always equal 999|a − d| if a 6= d. In turn, the
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average f (x) value where a 6= d and b 6= c is equal to the average f (x) value where
a 6= d and b = c. To find the average value for any number where a 6= d, use the
previous expression with a denominator of 90:

(2000 − 2)(165)
90

Note that the average value of f (x) if a = d is simply 297. 90% of the numbers satisfy
a 6= d and 10% of the numbers satisfy a = d so the answer is the following:

0.9(2000 − 2)(165)
+ 0.1(297)
90

Use the previous value of 3296.7 to help find the value of this expression. This simplifies
to 3326.4. The closest integer is (D) 3326 .

25. A particle starts at the origin in the xy-coordinate plane. A move is defined as going
from (x, y) to any one of (x, y + 1), (x + 1, y + 1), (x + 1, y), (x + 1, y − 1), (x, y − 1),
(x − 1, y − 1), (x − 1, y), or (x − 1, y + 1) with one additional rule: the x- and y-
coordinates of the particle must always stay between 0 and 5, inclusive. The particle
stops forever when it gets to (5, 5). In how many ways can the particle can get to (5, 5)
using no more than 7 moves?

(A) 471 (B) 473 (C) 475 (D) 477 (E) 479

Note that there are only 8 possible directions to move at most: ↑ ր → ց ↓ ւ ← տ.

Having the same combination of arrows always ends at the same location. The order of
the arrows does not matter as long as the particle never goes outside the area with x-
and y- coordinates between 0 and 5. We can see that the fastest route is ր ր ր ր ր.
We can change the arrows in the following ways:

• replace ր with → ↑
• replace ր ր with → → ↑ ↑

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2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 19

• add ւ ր
• add → ←
• add ↑ ↓
• add տ ց
• replace ր with → → տ
• replace ր with ↑ ↑ ց

First, start with the ”replace ր with → ↑” case. There are 4 րs, 1 →, and 1 ↑. We
can see that there is no case where the particle can go outside the range of coordinates.
Think of this as placing one arrow in any of 5 locations and the other arrow in any of
6 locations. The total number of combinations is 5 · 6 = 30.

The second case is ”replace ր ր with → → ↑ ↑”. There are 3 րs, 2 →s, and 2 ↑s.
Think of this as choosing 2 locations out of 5 for the
 →s, and
 then 2 locations out of
5 7
7 for the ↑s. The total number of combinations is · = 210.
2 2

The third case is ”add ւ ր”. Note that this case has the particle staying on the x = y
line. There are only 4 possible places where the particle could go in the ւ direction:
(1, 1); (2, 2); (3, 3); and (4, 4). Going to (5, 5) would cause the particle to stop.

The fourth case is ”add → ←”. Note that ← cannot be at the beginning or the end be-
cause it would immediately go outside the range of coordinates if ← is at the beginning,
and it must go to (6, 5) before going in the ← direction to go to (5, 5). There are 5 րs,
1 →, and 1 ←. First, add in the right arrows. Then, add the left arrows in any location
that is not at the beginning or the end. There seems to be 6 · 5 = 30 combinations, but
the ր ր ր ր ր ← → combination does not work because the particle stops at (5, 5).
There are actually 30 − 1 = 29 combinations.

The fifth case is symmetrical to the fourth case so there are also 29 combinations.

The sixth case is ”add տ ց”. There are 5 րs, 1 տ, and 1 ց. Neither the տ nor the
ց can be at the beginning or the end, so there are 4 · 5 = 20 combinations.

The seventh case is the ”replace ր with → → տ” case. There

 are
 4 րs, 2→s, and 1 տ.
6
The տ cannot be at the beginning or the end so there are · 5 = 75 combinations.
2

The eighth case is symmetrical to the seventh case so there are also 75 combinations.

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2018 Memorial Day Mock AMC 10 Solutions 20

There is also the possibility of ր ր ր ր ր.

Add the possibilities together: 30 + 210 + 4 + 29 + 29 + 20 + 75 + 75 + 1 = (B) 473 .

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