EARLY CHILDHOOD

A. She's making an effort to talk to her friends,and even though she grasps things quickly, she finds it
tough to solve problems.

B. He engages with his classmates and enjoys playing with them.

C. He quickly changes from happy to sad, cries when he's upset, and talks to his mom about how he feels
because he doesn't know how to manage his emotions yet.

D. Most of the time, they have fun running and playing, without worrying about how they'll walk or run.
They still act like kids and are pretty childish.

ELEMENTARY

A. He really enjoys playing and drawing different shapes. He's self-reliant at times.

B. He's doing well in school, confident, friendly, and likes to socialize.

C. His mood changes when he's sad - he becomes quiet, but when he's happy, he's energetic. He needs
some help controlling his emotions.

D, He can talk, but not perfectly, and he thinks quickly sometimes, but not always.

HS

A. They understand and figure out things, which helps them solve problems on their own more than
younger students in primary school.

B. He's competitive in class, enjoys chatting with his teacher, and has lots of friends because he's friendly.

C. He gets annoyed if teased, but he's good at handling his emotions.

D, He can dance and write poems, letters, essays, and stories on himself

13

Significant characteristics and qualities of learners in early childhood education often include:

Curiosity: Children in this age group are naturally curious and eager to explore the world around them.

Playfulness: Play is a primary mode of learning for young children, and they often learn best through
hands-on, interactive activities.

Short Attention Span: Young children may have limited attention spans, so lessons should be engaging
and age-appropriate.

Varied Developmental Levels: Early childhood learners may have diverse developmental levels, so
teaching strategies should be flexible.
Need for Routine: Establishing consistent routines can provide a sense of security and predictability for
young learners.

To cope with these qualities, educators can:

Create a Playful Learning Environment: Use games, hands-on activities, and interactive lessons to engage
students and promote learning.

Encourage Exploration: Foster curiosity by providing opportunities for children to explore, experiment,
and ask questions.

Keep Lessons Short and Varied: Break lessons into short segments and use a variety of teaching
methods to maintain interest.

Differentiate Instruction: Tailor instruction to meet the individual needs of each child, accommodating
varying developmental levels.

Establish Routines: Maintain a structured daily routine to provide a sense of security and help young
learners know what to expect.

Use Visual Aids: Visual cues and props can help convey information and engage children's imaginations.

Encourage Social Interaction: Promote social skills and cooperative play to help children learn from each
other.

Patience and Positive Reinforcement: Be patient and provide positive reinforcement to build children's
confidence and motivation.

Monitor Progress: Keep track of each child's development and adapt teaching strategies as needed.

Collaboration with Parents: Maintain open communication with parents to ensure a supportive learning
environment at home as well.

PS

They are constantly curious and like to ask many questions.

IMPLI: the teacher should answer the kids' questions by connecting them to what interests them and
using simple language that they can understand. The teacher should also realize that kindergarten
students may not always ask questions about the exact topic being discussed.

ELEM

Elementary students behave better than preschoolers and follow their teacher's instructions carefully.
Elementary students can do things on their own more than preschoolers, so the teacher doesn't have to
give them individual directions for everything.
IMPLI: teachers need to listen carefully to what they are saying because students see them as role
models. Therefore, teachers should give clear instructions and tell the class what to do.

High school students often whisper to their classmates while working on tasks.

IMPLI: To ensure that the students are still paying attention, the teacher should pay attention to what
they're doing.

16.

1. In the class I'm observing, the most active students are a mix of both girls and boys. It's not limited to
one gender; there are active and engaged students from both genders who contribute to the class
discussions and activities

In the class I'm observing, the teacher is using the enthusiasm and participation of the active students to
make learning more engaging. By encouraging them and acknowledging their contributions, it helps
create a positive learning environment where all students benefit from each other's involvement.

, I can see that the teacher is effectively adapting their teaching technique to suit the age of the learners.
They are using colorful and engaging visuals to capture the attention of the young students, and the
lesson is structured with a lot of interactive activities that encourage active participation. This approach
appears to be keeping the students highly engaged and responsive to the lesson. It's evident that the
teacher is creating a learning environment that caters to the specific needs and developmental stage of
the learners.

Yes, the teacher is making sure that the activities and topics in the class are considerate of the different
religions the students may follow. This is done to ensure that everyone feels respected and included, no
matter what their religious beliefs are. It helps create a friendly and welcoming classroom for all.

18

This knowledge helps the teacher tailor the lessons to meet the students' specific needs and
circumstances. For instance, if the teacher is aware that some students may have limited access to
resources or technology, they can plan lessons that don't rely heavily on these.

Yes, it's important to think about how smart the students are when planning class activities. This way,
you can make sure the activities are just right - not too easy or too hard. This helps students learn better
and stay interested. If you ignore how smart they are, some students might get bored or feel frustrated,
which isn't good for learning. So, it's a good idea to consider their intelligence levels.
19.

1. Physical Support: The teacher provides practical guidance, showing the practice teacher how to set up
the classroom, organize materials, and manage the physical aspects of teaching effectively. This helps me
feel more confident in the classroom.

Social Support:The mentor teacher fosters a collaborative and welcoming atmosphere. He encourage me
to engage with students and colleagues, which boosts my social integration and helps them build
relationships with both students and fellow educators.

Emotional Support: The mentor teacher is a source of emotional encouragement. They offer constructive
feedback and create a safe space for me to express concerns, helping to reduce anxiety and build my
emotional resilience.

Intellectual Support:The mentor teacher shares their pedagogical expertise and knowledge. They provide
guidance on lesson planning, effective teaching strategies, and adapting to the students' needs. This
intellectual support is instrumental in to my professional development.

2. Similarities: Like what I've observed, in my teaching experience, I've seen experienced teachers
helping new ones. They offer practical support, encourage interactions, give feedback, and share
teaching knowledge to make the learning environment better.

Differences: One key difference is that the exact ways they provide support might vary. For example, the
methods of giving feedback or specific teaching techniques could be different based on the individual
mentor. Also, the classroom dynamics and the needs of the new teacher can differ in each situation.

3.Positive Reasons:

1. Inspirational Impact: Teachers who are truly inspiring can leave a lasting impression on students. Their
guidance, wisdom, and encouragement can motivate students to achieve their goals.

2. Supportive Relationship:A teacher who provides emotional support and cares about their students'
well-being can create strong bonds. Students remember this kind of positive relationship.

Negative Reasons:

1. Negative Impact:On the other hand, teachers who are harsh or unfair may also be unforgettable, but
for the wrong reasons. Students can remember the negative experiences, such as a lack of support or
criticism.

2. Challenging Lessons: If a teacher's lessons were extremely difficult or stressful, students might
remember the challenges they faced.
4. As I observe the class, I can see how the teacher's influence affects learners. When a teacher is
inspiring and supportive, students tend to feel more confident and motivated to learn. They form a
positive connection with the subject and with learning in general. On the other hand, if a teacher's
impact is negative, it can demotivate and discourage students. They may develop a dislike for the subject
and find learning more challenging. Additionally, if lessons are too difficult due to the teacher's
approach, it can lead to frustration and stress for the students. So, a teacher's attitude and teaching style
can have a significant impact on how students experience learning.

24.

1. In the class I'm observing, the teacher motivates learners intrinsically by making the subject relevant
and exciting, occasionally offering extrinsic incentives like rewards, and using engaging materials like
educational games to enhance the learning experience.

2. In the classroom I observed, motivation had a significant influence on the students' learning. For
instance, the teacher's use of real-world examples and hands-on activities to make the subject matter
engaging and relevant greatly motivated students, leading to increased participation and a deeper
understanding of the material. Additionally, when students were intrinsically motivated to learn, they
were more likely to take ownership of their learning, ask questions, and explore topics independently,
which ultimately enhanced their learning outcomes. The positive impact of motivation on learning was
evident through the students' active engagement and enthusiasm in the classroom.

25

2-5 check

it's a great idea to focus more on making students curious. This means asking questions that make them
want to learn more and doing activities that let them explore and discover. When students are curious,
they're more interested in learning. You can also let them choose topics they're curious about to make
learning more exciting for them. So, to be even more successful in teaching and learning, keep nurturing
their curiosity.

26.

1.Introducing games or play

2.Exhibiting best words of students

3.Recognizing achievements
4.Emulation or giving praises to excellent work

5.Conducting frequent examinations

6.Vocational goals

7.Material rewards

8.School marks or test scores

9. Punishment

In teaching, praising students for their hard work and accomplishments is often one of the most effective
ways to motivate them. It boosts their confidence and makes them more eager to learn.

27.

1. In the class I'm observing, the teacher motivates students in a student-centered way by making
learning fun with games and interactive activities. They frequently recognize and praise students for their
hard work and accomplishments, boosting their confidence. Students are inspired to do their best
through positive feedback, fostering a growth mindset. The teacher also encourages play and
exploration, which supports students' curiosity and drives self-motivated learning. This creates a
motivating and engaging learning environment where students take an active role in their education.

2.Yes, the interest of the learners has been kept up. The teacher makes learning fun, praises their hard
work, and encourages curiosity, which makes the students stay interested and engaged in the class.

3.Observing the class, I would suggest that the teacher could enhance her motivational skills by
attending workshops or training sessions on modern teaching techniques and motivational strategies.
This could help her learn new, effective ways to keep students engaged and motivated. Additionally,
seeking feedback from students about what motivates them could provide valuable insights into their
needs and preferences, allowing the teacher to tailor her approach accordingly. Continual self-
improvement and staying updated on best practices in education can greatly benefit both the teacher
and her students.

36

In the class I'm observing, the teacher uses various techniques when asking questions to engage
students. These techniques include asking open-ended questions that require more than a simple "yes"
or "no" answer. The teacher also encourages students to share their own thoughts and ideas, making the
questions relatable to real-life situations. This approach promotes critical thinking, class discussions, and
active participation, creating a dynamic learning environment.
38

1.As an observer in the class, I've learned that creating an engaging and interactive learning
environment, recognizing students' achievements, and fostering their natural curiosity can be effective
ways to keep them motivated and interested in the subject matter. These strategies promote active
participation and positive learning experiences.

2. Observing this class has provided valuable insights into effective teaching methods and techniques. It
highlights the importance of engaging and interactive lessons that cater to students' curiosity, as well as
the significance of recognizing their achievements. These insights can improve the knowledge and
techniques of teaching by emphasizing the need for student-centered approaches, positive
reinforcement, and fostering a love for learning, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of teaching.

44

1. In the student-centered learning classroom I'm observing, several activities have become
routines. These include starting the day with a brief discussion to set the agenda, incorporating
interactive games or activities into lessons, frequently recognizing and praising students for their
hard work, and encouraging open discussions where students share their thoughts and
questions. These routines create an engaging and motivating learning atmosphere, where
students actively participate and take ownership of their education.

45

2.Observing the class, the advantages of routinized activities are evident. They provide a sense of
structure and predictability, making students feel more comfortable and secure in the learning
environment. Routines help to establish a productive classroom atmosphere, as students know what to
expect and can focus on the learning objectives. This consistency in activities also fosters a smooth flow
of lessons, which can enhance time management and maximize the time available for learning. Overall,
routinized activities contribute to a more organized and effective learning experience for students.

3.While observing the class, I noticed an effective way to handle routinary activities. For instance, the
teacher begins each day with a quick class discussion to set the agenda. To make this more effective,
they engage students by allowing different students to lead the discussion each day. This not only
maintains the routine but also empowers students to take responsibility and participate actively. It's a
simple adjustment that keeps the routine fresh and ensures all students are involved in setting the daily
agenda.

4. Observing the class, I've noticed an efficient way to take attendance. The teacher uses a digital
attendance system where students check in by scanning their ID cards or using a mobile app. This
method is efficient because it saves time, reduces errors, and provides immediate data for tracking
attendance. It also promotes student responsibility as they manage their attendance, allowing the
teacher to focus more on teaching and less on administrative tasks.
46

1.While observing the class, I've noticed a few common disciplinary problems that the teacher
addresses. These include students talking out of turn, not following instructions, using electronic devices
without permission, and sometimes being disruptive or not paying attention. The teacher manages these
issues by providing clear expectations and using positive reinforcement to encourage good behavior.

2In the classroom I'm observing, the teacher handles disciplinary problems by first setting clear rules so
students know how to behave. When students behave well, they get praise and rewards. If a student
starts to act up, the teacher might remind them verbally or use non-verbal cues to get them back on
track. And if the behavior continues, the teacher applies consistent consequences, like a discussion or
temporarily leaving the classroom. These strategies help maintain a positive and respectful learning
environment while addressing any problems that come up.

3. The causes of disciplinary problems in the classroom, as observed, include students talking out of
turn, not following instructions, using electronic devices without permission, and sometimes being
disruptive or inattentive. These problems often arise due to a lack of clear rules, a desire for attention, or
distractions from electronic devices. Effective classroom management and clear expectations can help

4. Observing the class, I would implement a few measures to minimize disciplinary problems. Firstly, I'd
establish clear and consistent rules for behavior and class participation, ensuring students understand
what's expected. Secondly, I'd actively engage students in the learning process, making lessons more
interesting and interactive to keep their attention. Lastly, I'd maintain a positive and encouraging
atmosphere, using positive reinforcement to reward good behavior. These techniques would work
because they create a structured, engaging, and motivating learning environment, making it less likely
for disciplinary issues to arise. Students know what's expected, are motivated to participate, and feel
encouraged to behave well.

5.In the classroom I'm observing, several key principles underlying classroom discipline are being
effectively applied. One principle is *clear expectations*: The teacher sets and communicates clear rules
for behavior, which is crucial for students to understand what's expected of them. *Positive
reinforcement* is another principle at work, where students are praised and rewarded for good
behavior, encouraging them to continue behaving appropriately. Consistent and fair *consequences* for
misbehavior are also observed, which ensures that students understand that actions have consequences
and that rules are applied consistently. These principles create a structured, fair, and positive classroom
environment that promotes respectful behavior and effective learning. By adhering to these principles,
the teacher maintains discipline while fostering a positive learning atmosphere.

49.

1. The physical condition of the classroom I'm observing is well-maintained and conducive to learning.
The ventilation is good, with windows allowing fresh air and preventing the room from feeling stuffy.
Natural lighting streams in through large windows, creating a bright and comfortable environment. The
arrangement of furniture is thoughtful, with desks and chairs organized in a way that promotes
interaction and participation. This arrangement allows students to face each other, fostering
collaboration and engagement. General housekeeping is also a priority, as the room is clean and tidy.
Desks are neatly arranged, and there are minimal distractions, contributing to a focused and organized
learning space. Overall, the physical condition of the classroom is conducive to effective teaching and
learning.

2. The classroom I'm observing has been made attractive through various means. Bulletin boards are
used to display colorful and informative materials, showcasing student work, relevant educational
posters, and inspirational messages. These boards not only add visual appeal but also serve an
educational purpose, making the learning environment more engaging. Classroom decorations include
vibrant and educational posters that provide a visually stimulating backdrop. Additionally, there are
plants and a variety of learning aids, such as educational charts, globes, and models, all of which
contribute to creating a visually appealing and informative space. These efforts aim to make the room
visually attractive while also enhancing the learning experience by providing students with a stimulating
and informative environment.

51

In the classroom I'm observing, there is a clear and commendable practice of maintaining housekeeping
of materials, equipment, and supplies. The teacher and students appear to have a shared responsibility
for ensuring the cleanliness and organization of the classroom. Materials like textbooks and supplies are
neatly stored in designated areas, making them easily accessible. Equipment such as computers and
projectors are well-maintained, and any technical issues are promptly addressed. The whiteboards and
chalkboards are regularly cleaned, keeping them in good condition for lessons. This practice of shared
responsibility and regular maintenance not only contributes to an orderly and effective learning
environment but also instills a sense of ownership and respect for classroom resources among both
students and the teacher.

Act 5

Arranging a classroom in compliance with proper health protocols is essential for a safe and organized
learning environment. Here's how I would arrange the mentioned items:

Bookshelves: Place bookshelves against the walls to create a reading corner, ensuring they are spaced
apart to allow students to access books while maintaining physical distance.

Desks: Arrange desks with appropriate spacing between them to ensure social distancing. Consider
grouping them in clusters to facilitate group discussions when possible.

Blackboard: Ensure the blackboard is clean and well-maintained. Place it at the front of the classroom for
easy visibility.

Teacher Table: Position the teacher's table at the front of the class, near the blackboard, maintaining a
comfortable distance from students.
Visual Aids:Display visual aids, such as posters or educational charts, on the classroom walls, ensuring
they are easily visible to all students.

Laboratory Tools: If the classroom includes laboratory tools, store them in a designated area, and ensure
they are properly sanitized and accessible when needed.

Charts: Hang educational charts strategically around the classroom, ensuring they do not obstruct traffic
flow.

Cleaning Tools/Equipment:Keep cleaning tools and equipment in a designated area for easy access.
Regularly disinfect high-touch surfaces and shared equipment.

Bulletin Board:Maintain the bulletin board as a focal point of the classroom. Display student work and
important information, updating it regularly.

Properly arranging these items, while considering physical distancing and sanitation measures, ensures a
classroom that adheres to health protocols while remaining conducive to effective teaching and learning.

58

1.While observing the class, I've noticed the teacher effectively using various tools and instruments to
evaluate students' mastery of the lesson. These include regular quizzes and tests that assess their
understanding of the subject matter. Homework assignments are given to reinforce learning and gauge
comprehension. The teacher also encourages class participation and discussions, allowing students to
demonstrate their grasp of the material through verbal communication. Additionally, occasional group
projects and presentations provide students with opportunities to showcase their knowledge and
collaborative skills. These diverse evaluation tools ensure a comprehensive understanding of each
student's mastery of the lesson, aligning with a well-rounded assessment approach.

2. Lesson Objective 1: Improve cardiovascular endurance through regular exercise.

Lesson Objective 2: Understand the benefits of physical fitness for overall health.

Lesson Objective 3: Develop fundamental skills in team sports and improve coordination.

Lesson Objective 4: Understand the principles of sportsmanship and fair play.

Lesson Objective 5: Enhance flexibility and balance through targeted exercises.

1. Sample Test Items:

Run 800 meters within a specified time.

Perform a set number of jumping jacks in one minute.

2. Sample Test Items:

List and explain the physical health benefits of regular physical activity.

Describe the mental health benefits associated with participating in sports.

Demonstrate proper passing and shooting techniques in basketball.

Execute accurate serves and volleys in tennis.

4. Sample Test Items:

Describe the concept of good sportsmanship and provide examples.

Explain the importance of respecting opponents and officials in sports

5. Sample Test Items:

Perform a series of stretching exercises to demonstrate improved flexibility.

Balance on one foot for an extended period to assess stability and balance.

3. Principle 1: Clarity and Alignment

Test Item Given:"Did the student run a specified distance within a specified time?"

Improved Test Item: "Did the student run 800 meters within 6 minutes to assess cardiovascular
endurance?"

Principle 2: Specificity and Measurability

Test Item Given: "Did the student swim a certain distance without rest?"

Improved Test Item: "Did the student swim 200 meters continuously to evaluate endurance?"

Principle 3: Realistic Expectations

Test Item Given: "Could the student perform a layup and free throw in basketball with precision?"

Improved Test Item: "Could the student demonstrate a layup and free throw in basketball, focusing on
technique and accuracy?"

Principle 4: Clarity of Instructions

Test Item Given: "Did the student participate in a team relay race, demonstrating endurance in a group
setting?"

Improved Test Item: "Did the student participate in a 4x100-meter relay race, showing teamwork and
endurance in a group setting?"

Principle 5: Fairness and Non-Bias

Test Item Given:"Could the student balance on one foot for an extended period to assess stability and
balance?"

Improved Test Item: "Could the student balance on their non-dominant foot for 30 seconds to evaluate
stability and balance?"
4. One fundamental principle was clear learning objectives. The teacher began each lesson with clear
objectives, outlining what students were expected to learn. Formative assessment was another principle
in practice. The teacher regularly checked students' understanding through questions, discussions, and
short quizzes Lastly, the principle of reflective practice was noticeable. The teacher frequently reviewed
lesson outcomes and adjusted teaching methods based on the students' responses and performance,
fostering continuous improvement.